GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK. DIRECTORS-GENERAL. Appointed. from July 23, when Gov. Sloughter died, to July Wm. March 5, 1701. Col. Smith. .1623 26. (i) Died ..1624 senior member of the council, claimed to be ad1625 ministrator, but the council administered the govMay 4, 1626 ernment until May 17, 1701. (j) Commission re.Mar., 1632 voked Sept. 17, 1709. (k) Died July 1, 1731. (1) Apr., 1633 Commissioned Lieutenant-Governor July 30, 1736, Mar. 28, 1638 and sworn into office Oct. 30, 1736. Lord De La Warr May 11, 1647 was appointed Governor June, 1737, but 1664-1673 resigned in Sept. following. (m) Committed suicide Oct. 8, 1761. (n) Commissioned Lieutenant Aug. 12, 1673 Governor April 14, 1761, and sworn into office Aug. ..Sept. 19, 1673 8, 1761. (0) Attained Oct. 22, 1779. (p) Sailed for England July 9, 1780. (q) Not recognized by the State. Cornelis Evertse, Jr.; Jacob Benekes and a Richard Nicolls Col. Francis Lovelace (f) Sept. 8, 1664 .Aug. 17, 1667 .....Nov. 10, 1674 Anthony Brockholles, Com.-in-Chief..Nov. 16, 1677 Sir Edmund Andros, Kt... .Aug. 7, 1678 Anthony Brockholles, Com.-in-Chief..Jan. 13, 1681 Col. Thomas Dongan.. Sir Edmund Andros Francis Nicholson, Lieut.-Gov.. Jacob Leisler (g).. Col. Henry Sloughter.. Aug. 27, 1682 .Aug. 11, 1688 ...Oct. 9, 1688 .June 3, 1689 ..Mar, 19, 1691 (h)..July 26, 1691 .Aug. 30, 1692 Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont......Apr. 13, 1698 Maj. R. Ingoldsby, Com.-in-Chief John Nanfan, Lieut.-Gov.. Wm. Smith, as eldest Councillor present ..May 17, 1639 Mar. 5, 1701 ..Dec. 18, 1708 Apr. 10, 1710 Apr. 15, 1728 (n)..Aug. 4, 1760 Sir Danvers Osborne, Bart. (m). GOVERNORS OF THE COMMONWEALTH. George Clinton (a). John Jay Edwin D. Morgan.. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.... 1777-1795 (a) Clinton was then in active command of the militia and did not quit the field until after Burgoyne's surrender. (b) Acted as Governor from Feb. 28 till July 1, 1817, in place of Tompkins, elected Vice-President. (c) Acted as Governor from death of Clinton, Feb. 11, 1828, till end of the term. (d) Resigned March 12, 1829, having been appointed Secretary of State under Pres. Jackson. (e) Acted as Governor during remainder of Van Buren's (f) By amendment of the Constitution term. adopted Nov. 3, 1874, the term of office of Governor was fixed at three years. (g) Resigned Jan. (h) Acted 6, 1885, having been elected President. as Governor during the remainder of Cleveland's term; elected for three years Nov. 3, 1885; reelected Nov. 6, 1888. (i) By an amendment of the Constitution, adopted Nov. 6, 1894, the term of office of Governor was fixed at two years. ..June 19, 1776 Sunday School Statistics, Nassau and Queens Counties, 1901. ......July 9, 1776 Abraham Yates, Jr., pro tem..........Aug. 10, 1776 Abraham Yates, Jr..... .Aug. 28, 1776 .Sept. 26, 1776 .March 6, 1777 .April 18, 1777 ...May 14, 1777 (a) No Director-General in the country. (b) Commission issued Sept., 1637. (c) Commission issued Hempstead.. July 28, 1646. (d) Military government. (e) Com-North Hempstead. mission dated Aug. 12. (f) Col. Lovelace was suc-Oyster Bay.. ceeded Aug. 12, 1673 (N. S.), by Anthony Colve, Long Island City. Director-General under the Dutch during their Newtown temporary re-occupancy of the colony. (g) As-Flushing. sumed the title of Lieutenant-Governor Dec. Jamaica S. 1689, and was executed for high treason May 16, 41 (h) The council administered the government NOTABLE BOOKS OF 1901. Fiction, History, Poetry, Religion, Biography, Nature, Science, Etc. Fiction. THE RIGHT OF WAY-Gilbert Parker. THE CRISIS-Winston Churchill. An Englishwoman's Love Letters-Anonymous. ETERNAL CITY-Hall Caine. D'RI AND I-Irving Bacheller. Helmet of Navarre-Bertha Runkle. KIM-Rudyard Kipling. *Quincey Adams Sawyer-Charles Felton Pidgin. TRISTRAM OF BLENT-Anthony Hope. A TORY LOVER-Sarah Orne Jewett. SACRED FOUNT-Henry James. *Story of Eva-Will Payne. *Carolina Cavalier-George Cary Eggleston. *Soldier of Virginia-Burton Egbert Stephenson. *Tarry Thou Till I Come-George Croly. Lazarre-Mary Hartwell Catherwood. SECRET ORCHARD-Egerton and Agnes Castle. BABS THE IMPOSSIBLE-Mme. Sarah Grand. *Turn of the Road-Eugene B. Frothingham. *The Making of Christopher Ferringham-Beulah Marie Dix. Sir Christopher-Maud Wilder Goodwin. PORTION OF LABOR-Mary E. Wilkins. *Betsy Ross-Chauncey C. Hotchkiss. Heritage of Unrest-Gwendolen Overton. Frances Mrs. Clyde-Julien Gorden (Mrs. Van Rensselaer Cruger). Old Bowen's Legacy-Edwin Asa Dix. In the Name of a Woman-A. W. Marchmont. Fate the Fiddler-H. McIlvaine. Flood Tide-Sarah Platt McLean Green. Fiander's Widow-M. E. Francis. *A Pillar of Salt-Jennette Lee. Our Friend the Charlatan-George Gissing. *Master Knot of Human Fate-"Ellis Meredith." Let Not Man Put Asunder-Basil King. History. Arnold's Expedition (Quebec)-Codman. South Carolina-McCrady. Huguenot Migration-Baird. Mississippi Valley-James K. Hosmer. Old New York Frontier-Francis Halsey. Lore of Cathay-W. A. P. Martin. Poetry. Poems-Thos. Bailey Aldrich, Songs of Nature-John Burroughs. Specially praised by critics. Books in capitals. large sellers. Smiles Yoked With Sighs-R. J. Burdette. Poems-Richard Burton. Beourief-S. H. Church. Lion at Well-L. Josaphare. Masque of Judgment-William V. Moody. Wishmakers' Town-William Young. Religious and General Literature. Creed of Presbyterians-Rev. E. W. Smith, D. D. Manual of Christian Theology-Rev. A. Hovey. Reason of Faith in Christianity-Rev. J. M. Leavitt, D. D. Aspects of Revelation-Bishop Brewster. Essays-Rev. S. D. McConnell, D. D., D. C. L. The Evolution of Immortality-Rev. S. D. McConnell, D. D., D. C. L. Fathers of Famous Men-Rev. J. K. Kilbourne. Man-Building-Lewis Ransom Fiske, LL. D, Symphony of Life-Henry Wood. An Exposition of the Gospels of the Church Year -Rev. Edmund Jacob Wolf, D. D. The Life and Literature of the Ancient Hebrews -Dr. Lyman Abbott. A History of the Jewish People-Rev. Dr. J. S. Riggs. The Apostolic Age-Rev. Dr. Geo. T. Purves. The French Revolution and Religious ReformWm. Milligan Sloane. The First Interpreters of Jesus-Prof. G. H. Gilbert, D. D The Passing of the Permanent in Religion-Rev. Dr. Minot J. Savage. Our Life After Death-Robert E. Spear. The Miracle of Missions-Rev. A. T. Pierson. Biography. Bashkirtseff, Confessions-Marie Bashkirtseff. A Book of Remembrances-Mrs. E. Gilespie. Stage Life-Clara Morris. Stevenson, R. L. (Life)-Gerald Balfour. Napoleon, the Last Phase-Lord Rosebery, Nature. A Year in the Fields-John Burroughs. The Making of a Country Home-J. P. Mowbray. In the Forests-Maximilian Foster. The Outcasts-W. A., Fraser. Flowers and Ferns in Their Haunts-Mabel Osgood Wright. Books of Birds-Olive Thorne Miller. Content in a Garden-Mrs. Candice Wheeler. Science. Pleasures of the Telescope-Garrett P. Serviss. The Stars-Newcomb. Science of Penology-Boles. Law and Politics. Tammany Hall-Myers. International Law-Wilson. American Diplomatic Questions-Henderson, The Appointing Power-Salmon. Australasia-Grey. Business and Politics--Boker. Belles Lettres. American Authors and Homes--F. W. Halsey. Tennyson, Life of Andrew Lang. Heroines of Fiction-William Dean Howells. Essays and Addresses--Augustine Birrell. Irish Poetry-Brooks. THE BIRTH OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK-ITS FIRST CHARTER. Upon a review of authorities, ample and conclusive, it must be conceded that the first charter of New York was granted by legislative authority in 1650 and conferred upon the people of New the 2d Amsterdam by Governor Stuyvesant on day of February, 1653. or were to to municipal rights to the states general in Holland, a fine example of his sterling qualities. This petition presents in telling form the claim of the colonists for municipal independence. It is dated July 26. 1649, and signed by the Council of Nine Men. Stuyvesant made haste to prevent and thwart it. Henry Hudson, in 1609, commanding the Half Van der Donck was flung into jail. Nevertheless, Moon, made the voyage of the Hudson from Manthis fine gentleman made his escape and proceeded hattan to the site of Troy. It is not necessary Holland. Stuyvesant sent an ambassador to discuss the point whether or not there were Holland to oppose him, but the personal conduct earlier discoveries. The maps of Verrazano, of his representative while there brought him into now so interesting the logs of other navigators, irreparable disgrace. Van der Donck soon awakin the technical inquiries of the scholars, ened among the states general a recognition of certainly unknown to the world at the time of the rights of the colonists in New Netherland. The Hudson's death. His ample report of his voyage states general issued a provisional order in 1650 of the River of the Mountains, made upon his directing the West India Company to give New return to England to the two great commercial un Amsterdam a government like that of Amsterdam. powers of the world, England and Holland, doubtedly first gave this belt of the Western Con-O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland is retinent of civilization. And, while the title of Hol- plete with evidence that this order was the action she of the government of Holland and not of the West land was never specifically acknowledged, Says John India Company. was permitted to assume dominion. Fiske: "At last, in 1653, the opposition gave way, and New Amsterdam was incorporated as a city. This year 1653 may be cited as marking a era for the Dutch province. Down to this time its progress in numbers and wealth had been slow and precarious. Looking back to the arrival of we can seem to distinHenry Hudson, in 1609, guish five successive phases of colonial life: 1 The period of ocasional visits of fur traders, from 1610 to 1614. 2. The period of unorganized and desultory effort under the New Netherland Company's monopoly, from 1614 to 1623. 3. The first experiments of the West India Company, under May, Verhust, Minuit and Van Twiller, from 1623 to 1638; including the establishment of patroonships. 4. The administration of Kieft from 1638 to 1647, beginning with the attempt to attract colonists by throwing down all monopolies and ending with exhaustion consequent upon a great Indian war. The first six years of Stuyvesant, during which this the province was rapidly recovering from loss of strength.' a new 5. The West India Company, as usual, discredited and determined in its orders that in 1652 the West It is surprising to observe how little in the way of establishing civil institutions was done under the dominion of Holland. The grant to the New Netherland Company was simply a grant of a with the Inmonopoly of trade and commerce dians, together with the incidental right of government as exigencies might require. The grant to the West India Company, which followed the extinction of the New Netherland Company, was in all respects similar. There was no recognition of any right upon the part of those hardy pioneers, who should settle in New Netherland, to They self-government or to personal liberty. were left to the mercy of the director general and council selected at Amsterdam by the West idea India Company. Stuyvesant having some that the people should in some way be consulted, gave orders for an election of eighteen men by the people of the territory that is now coincident with Brooklyn Greater New York, including Yonkers. this election. in participated with Manhattan From these eighteen men, selected by the people. Stuyvesant chose nine to be a council to confer with him whenever he saw fit and to exercise such powers as he might allow. Stuyvesant was merely the agent of the West India Company-call him director, general, governor, or what you will. choleric, blustering, aggressive, self-willed tyrant was this same Stuyvesant. He regarded the West India Company as the fountain of all good and he looked upon the people as its vassals. rested anybody who questioned his supremacy. It it not necessary to go minutely into the outrages which this petty despot perpetrated upon his subjects. Enough has been said to show what a merry time the nine men elected to confer with him upon the public safety, as a general council, must have had when in any way inclined to run counter to his wishes. The slightest expression of discontent among their number-he was always present-excited his wrath. He pounded the floor with his wooden leg and teetotally damned the Britain. If this did not bring about unlucky malefactor. the requisite obedience, the offending councilman was seized and lodged in the common jail. These outrages at length brought upon the stage the noble and patriotic character of Adriaen Van der Donck. And we have, in the petition for A He ar es Their Nevertheless the Dutch left their mark upon New Netherland. The character of the Knickerbockers, as the fathers of our city, has been indelibly impressed upon the scholar by the gentle satire and delightful romance of Irving. virtues have been transmitted to their children When we look back to 1653 we find among the people of New Amsterdam that hospitality, good cheer and those sterling qualities everywhere characteristic of the Dutch, and we can see in the picture of those early days many of the remaining features and characteristics of the present City of New York. New Amsterdam was a city. It had the public buildings and the offices requisite to municipal purposes. It was known as a city to all the civ ilized nations of the world. It was a port of the utmost importance to commerce. It became a Great prize, long coveted and finally seized by But it cannot as a matter of history and it cannot as a matter of law. be obliterated from the legal and historical annals of the Western world. For full review of this subject by Mr. De Witt, see the Brooklyn Eagle Sept. 25, and Nov. 24, 1901. 1 1 CITY OF NEW YORK MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. THE MAYOR. THE CHARTER OF NEW YORK CITY. The charter of the City of New York, as revised The executive power of the city is vested in the by the Legislature of 1901, the revision going Mayor, the Presidents of the Boroughs and the into effect on January 1, 1902, is a development officers of the departments. The Mayor is the of the charters of the former cities of New chief executive officer and he is a magistrate. His York, Brooklyn and Long Island City, differing term begins at noon on the first day of January from all of them, however, by the introduction of after his election and continues for two years. the principle of local control over local affairs. He is eligible for re-election. The salary of the In this feature the charter provides a system of office is $15,000 per year. The Mayor appoints the government more nearly like that of London and heads of departments and commissioners, excep: continental cities than any prevailing in this those over which the Presidents of the Boroughs country. The original charter of the City of have jurisdiction, and except, also, the head of the New Amsterdam was granted by the Dutch gov-Department of Finance. He can remove at any ernment in 1653. Twelve years later, when the time any official appointed by him, except the colony had passed under English control, Gov-members of the Board of Education and Aqueduct ernor Nicolls granted a charter to "his Majesty's Commissioners, town of New York." substituting for the Schout, City of New Burgomasters and Schepens of the Dutch govern- hospitals, and ment, Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriff. The subse-himself can be quent colonial charters, known by the name of ernor, after a hearing upon charges. His duties Governors Dongan, Cornbury and Montgomerie, were granted respectively by them under King James II in 1686, Queen Anne in 1708 and King George II in 1730. The last named charter was confirmed by act of General Assembly of the colony in 1732. The original state constitution, and subsequent ones, have reaffirmed all the rights of the city granted previous to 1775. The first complete charter from the State was granted in 1813. and in 1830, and again in 1873. revised charters were passed. In 1882 the Consolidation act, embodying a complete revision of the New York City Charter, was passed, and remained in force until the beginning of the year 1898. trustees of the College of the York and trustees of some certain judicial officers. He removed from office by the Gov are to communicate to the Board of Aldermen, at least once a year, a statement of the finances, government and improvements of the city; to recommend to the same body such measures as he deems expedient; to keep himself informed of the work of all departments, and to be vigilant in enforcing ordinances and the laws of the State. Every three months he must report to the Board of Aldermen the expenses and receipts of his office, stating the salaries paid to and the nature of the duties of his clerks and subThe Mayor has the power of veto over all ordiordinates, whom he has the power to appoint. nances and resolutions of the Board of Aldermen, but if he does not disapprove they become laws after a lapse of ten days. An ordinance or resolution can be passed over the Mayor's veto by & vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to The charter provided for the city at the time of consolidation remained in force with minor amendments until Jan. 1. 1902, when the charter now in force and which was prepared by a legis-the Board of Aldermen, except that when it in lative commission of which Geo. L. Rives wag chairman, with the view of correcting mistakes in the first Greater New York Charter, went into effect. The original incorporation of Brooklyn as a village was effected by legislative action in 1816. This act was repealed and a new one passed in 1827. The first charter of Brooklyn as a city was enacted in 1854. This charter was revised in 1850, and in 1854 a new charter, consolidating the cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburgh was adopted. This charter was revised in 1873, and again in 1888. The last revision was in force until the independent existence of the municipality ended with the year 1897. The first charter of Long Island City was enacted in 1870, and a new one was granted in 1871. The amended Greater New York Charter follows, in the main, the lines of the charter of the old City of New York, with important provisions adapted from the Brooklyn charter and from those of other American and European cities. The greater part of it is the law as it has existed for half a century, and the chief change has been made necessary by the adoption of the borough system and the system of giving control to localities over their own affairs. of New York lyn, coterminus on Manhattan with the Island, and in Kings, volves the expenditure of money, the creation of a debt, or the laying of an assessment, a threefourths vote is required. The Mayor countersigns all warrants drawn by the Comptroller upon the Chamberlain for payments on behalf of the corporation. He has also to sign all bonds, together with the Comptroller. In the absence or sickness of the Mayor the President of the Board of Aldermen is the Acting Mayor. He shall not appoint to, or remove from, office any official, unless the absence or sickness of the Mayor continues thirty days, nor shall be approve or disapprove any resolution or ordinance unless such absence or sickness continue nine days. SETH LOW. Seth Low, Mayor of New York City, taking office Jan. 1, 1902. was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 18. 1850; son of Abiel Abbot Low, a wealthy tea importer of Brooklyn. He was graduated from Columbia College, N. Y., in 1870. Upon graduation he entered his father's establishment and rose through successive clerkships to membership in the firm in 1875. He rapidly achieved importance in the mercantile world, became a member of the Chamber of Commerce and other commercial Hendrix. The charter is the governmental instrument for bodies, and served on various important commitIn 1881 he became candidate upon an indethe territory embraced within the new limits tees. of New York, comprising the former city pendent ticket for Mayor of Brooklyn, and achieved a pronounced victory over James Howell. In 188: Westchester County, the former City of Brook- he was elected for a second term over Joseph C. Resuming business after a brief term abroad, he, in 1890, succeeded Dr. Barnard as president of Columbia College. The institution at once received new life and vigor. He reorganized its departments and has put the university upon a sound financial basis, and it was through his initiative efforts that the splendid group of college buildings, now being completed on the heights of Morningside Park,-the site alone valued at $2,000,000-was erected. candidate for Mayor of New York City on the Citizens' Union ticket, but suffered defeat, through the division of the anti-Tammany parties. In 1899 he served as delegate to the Disarmament Conference at The Hague. In the Mayoralty campaign in New York City in 1901 a complete fusion of the Republican party with the Citizens' Union an of County the entire County of Richmond and the portion of Queens County included in Long Island City, the towns of Newtown, Jamaica and Flushing, and a part of the town of Hempstead. This territory is divided into these five boroughs: Manhattan, comprising Manhattan and the adjacent smaller islands: The Bronx, including the part of the former City of New York in Westchester County north of the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, and the islands adjacent; Brooklyn, comprising the whole of Kings County; Queens, including the part of Queens County named in the act of annexation, revised by Legislature of 1899; and Richmond, which consists of the county of that name, including the whole of Staten Island. In 1897 President Low was CITY OF NEW YORK MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT-Continued. other reform and anti-Tammany elements having his borough, who may discharge all the adminbeen effected, Mr. Low became the logical anti-istrative power of the President of the Borough Tammany candidate for Mayor, and, resigning the relating to streets, sewers, public buildings and presidency of Columbia College, he accepted the supplies, and who shall in the absence or illness of nomination, winning success at the polls by 31,486 such president discharge the duties of such presivotes over Edward M. Shepard, the Tammany dent. The President of the Borough has cognizcandidate. ance and control of all matters relating to the improvement and repair of streets and sewers. He has control of the public buildings within his borough, except schools, hospitals, fire and police stations, penitentiaries, etc. He is empowered to exercise the supervision vested in the city over the construction of buildings in this borough, except such powers as are directly vested in the Tenement House Commission, and to that end he is authorized to appoint a Superintendent of Buildings. In the Boroughs of Richmond and Queens the Presidents of the Boroughs, in addition to other powers, have jurisdiction over the cleaning of streets and the removal of ashes and garbage. The Secretary appointed by the Borough President acts also as Secretary of the local boards. The Borough Presidents have also the right to appoint the members of local school boards. Queens. Office, Hackett Bldg., Long Island City. President, Joseph Cassidy Term, 2 years; expires Dec. 31, 1903. Secretary, Geo. J. Jarvis Stenographer, F. Oppenheimer Messenger, Henry Mehrtens Richmond. -$5,000 $2,500 600 900 1,000 Term, 2 years, expires Dec. 31, 1903. Secretary, Jas. B. Reynolds, $5,000; Asst. Sec and Chief Clerk, W. J. Moran, $3.200; Bond and Warrant Clerk, John Grunenberg, $2,000; Confidential Clerks, G. L. Archer, $1,000; J. E. Smalley, $1,800; Confidential Stenographer. James C. Marriott. Office, First National Bank Bldg., St. George, $1,500; Confidential Messenger, M. J. Dobbins, $1,500; Stenographer, F. X. McCauley, $1,500; Messenger, Edward Hetherton, $1,500; Marshal, G. W. Brown. OFFICE OF BOROUGH PRESIDENTS. The Presidents of the Boroughs hold office for a term of two years. They have offices in the Borough Halls of their respective boroughs and are ex officio members of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment. In that board the Presidents of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn have two votes each and the Presidents of the other boroughs one vote each The President of the Borough presides over each local board in his borough. He has the right to vote in and of veto over the action of any local board. Each Borough President is a member of the Board of Aldermen and has the same right to vote as any member elected to the Board of Aldermen. The Borough President may appoint and at pleasure move a Commissioner of Public Works P. O. address, New Brighton. President, George Cromwell .$5,000 2,500 1,200 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. The legislative power of the City of New York is vested in the Board of Aldermen, consisting of 73 members elected from that number of aldermanic districts, of the Presiden: of the Board and the Presidents of the Boroughs. They are elected for a term of two years. The aldermen elected to the board are paid one thousand dollars per year and the president of the board is paid five thousand dollars per year, and is elected on a general ticket by the voters of the city. Each head of an administrative department of the city is entitled to a seat in the Board of Aldermen, and shall attend its meetings when required by the for board. He is required also to answer any ques re |