district for the day. On the following day they were stationed at the water-works, where they remained until the 10th. Company F was on guard at department headquarters; Company H on duty at the Custom House.

The 13th Minnesota Inf., on the 4th, was under arms, patrolling the streets in their respective districts and guarding the bridges and river front. Filipinos, detected in signaling with lights from house-tops, were fired on. On the 5th, patrols of Company C were attacked by 150 insurrectos, armed with bolos and machetes, when they were re-inforced by the entire company, under Capt. Robinson, and the natives dispersed. Company M was transferred to a station in a church in the Tondo district.

The 2d Battalion, 1st Tennessee, on the 5th, left camp and proceeded in the direction of the water-works, having an engagement with the enemy and returning to station. The 1st Battalion of the same regiment, on the 5th, took part in an engagement with the Filipinos in Paco district, returning to station on the 6th. The 3d Battalion of the same regiment proceeded to the Presidio of Manila and Bilibid Military Prison, remaining there until the evening of the 6th. The 23d Inf., as already mentioned, participated in the taking of the water-works, under command of Maj. Goodale, on the 7th.

THE OPERATIONS OF THE FLEET.

When firing began, on the night of February 4th, the signals agreed upon by the army and navy commanders could not be given until daylight, and firing from the fleet without them would have been as dangerous to the American forces, whose positions could not be known, as to the Filipinos. On the coming of day, the Admiral's ship lay directly in front of Manila, between the city and the German cruiser Irene and the Spanish transport Alava. The Monadnock lay

about one mile off Fort Malate, and with the coming of day commenced firing ten-inch shells on the enemy's south line, blowing out the breech-block of one of her guns during the engagement, having one man killed and two wounded. Her fire, directed by Lieut. E. E. Kelly, 1st Company U. S. V. Signal Corps, lasted through the forenoon of the 5th, and was very effective, destroying villages and killing many Filipinos. In the afternoon, the Charleston relieved the Monadnock and continued the firing during the remainder of the day and night, and the day of the 6th, using six and eightinch guns. She was again joined by the Monadnock, when they patrolled the beach as far south as Paranaque, setting villages on fire and driving the Filipinos from their trenches. The Charleston remained in this service until the 9th of February, when she was relieved by the Buffalo, which held the position throughout the

GEN. MACARTHUR AND STAFF WATCHING BATTLE OF
CALOOCAN FROM LA LOMA CHURCH.

remainder of the campaign. On the morning of the 5th, the Charleston was lying off the block-house near the mouth of the Vitas River, on the north side, about 1000 yards from shore, and during the forenoon, with ten-inch shots, enfiladed the Filipino line in front of the Kansas Inf. until she relieved the Monadnock, the Concord taking her position. The Callao, "Tappan's battle-ship," as Admiral Dewey was fond of calling this little boat, patrolled the beach on this side, her firing being directed by Lieut. C. M. Gordon, 18th Company, U. S. V. Signal Corps. The Callao patrolled close in shore, using three-pounders and rapid-fire guns, her fire being directed on the blockhouse. During the afternoon, the Concord fired six-inch shells on the Filipinos in front of the Kansas lines, continuing the bombardment on the 6th. An eight-ench shell from the Concord was thrown into the church at Malabon, occupied as headquarters by the enemy, and exploding, completely demolished it. By ten o'clock of the 6th, the Callao had so destroyed the block-house at the mouth of the Vitas River that it was taken with a detachment of twenty men under Lieut. Ball.

The Concord and Callao held their positions until the 9th of February, when, an advance being made on Caloocan, the Monadnock came up to assist in shelling the Filipino lines. In this engagement the Concord and Callao fired about thirty

LIFTT, WEBB'S GUNS ON SANTA MESA HILL, SHELLING BLOCK-HOUSE NO. 7 AND SAN JUAN BRIDGE.

shots. On the 25th of February, these two ships were relieved by the Bennington and the Helena. The latter was, like the Callao, a light draft boat, and with her did patrol service, intercepting and capturing many of the insurrectos' boats carrying supplies to their lines.

The activity of the land forces made it difficult to direct the fire, but the moral effect, as well as the destructive energy of the navy guns was of very great assistance to the Americans. The fleet in the harbor had a reputation for invincibility which of itself was as valuable as regiments of fighting men in sustaining the splendid courage of our troops, and disconcerting the confidence of the Filipinos. Not only in the first two or three days of battle was the navy of such consequence, but all through the weeks of campaigning in the vicinity of Manila which followed.

As a result of the operations of the first week the American lines had been advanced in all directions outward from the city, and extended from a point beyond Caloocan southeasterly to the San Juan River, and thence easterly to the pumping

station which it was a vital necessity to hold firmly. The towns of Pasig and Pateros, situated in a marshy district on the river, had been occupied and our southern line pushed forward to Malate. The Corps Commander, Gen. Otis, however, had not the force to occupy and adequately guard so large a district, and on the south of the river the line was gradually moved back to San Pedro Macati. Pending the arrival of re-inforcements nothing could be done except to hold such territory as was deemed absolutely essential, with occasional extensions to chastise the insurgents when they became too bold. This involved constant changes of position of our troops, especially on the south side of the river, which it would be confusing to attempt to follow, and the taking, abandoning, and retaking of many villages. The behavior of the natives was very trying. They were practically all sympathizers of Aguinaldo, and the men were with the army so far as they could be furnished with arms. As there were many more men than arms there seemed to be a constant change in the personnel of the rebel army, a simple change of clothing sufficing to transform a ferocious warrior to a peaceful citizen, and vice

BATTLE-FIELD OVER WHICH OUR TROOPS PASSED IN THE CAPTURE OF CALOOCAN.

versa. When our army approached a town everything that could be made to do duty as a white flag was displayed. When we entered, all the inhabitants declared themselves "amigos," and blessed the Americans. When we departed the white flags came down and they were all "insurrectos" again. The rules of civilized warfare were disregarded. If, in skirmishing, the Filipinos killed an American cut off from his command, they shot him to pieces, often so that his body could not be recognized. The natives were not altogether united, however. On the 12th of February the Macabees and other natives of the Pampanga province near Malolos, sent a messenger to Gen. Otis, offering to desert Aguinaldo, and join the Americans with 3000 organized troops, armed and equipped, and needing only rations. They claimed that they had fought against Aguinaldo as allies of the Spanish. For prudential reasons the overtures were not accepted. At a later period some of the Macabees were employed as scouts.

A LULL PENDING ARRIVAL OF RE-INFORCEMENTS.

After the establishment of our lines as described, there was nothing further to be accomplished until re-inforcements should arrive from the United States. natural defenses of Manila having been reached, and a defensive line established about the city, the fighting was only such as resulted from the meeting of scouting parties. On the 15th of February, a portion of the 4th Cav., on a reconnaissance, encountered a party of Filipinos near Paranaque, and in an exchange of shots had one of its men wounded. The cruiser Buffalo, later on the same day, fired a few small shells to arrest the operations of another party of natives who were attempting to mount a battery near Paranaque, causing them to withdraw their guns to the tower. Frequent small affairs like these simply kept alive the embers of war during February and early in March. Rumors, however, were rife of the intensions of Aguinaldo, and there was a growing impression that a crisis for the city was impending. The natives in Manila had been greatly affected by the disastrous results which followed the attack upon the Americans, of the 4th and 5th. They had been buoyed up ever since the capitulation of Manila in the previous August, by the hope that when the Americans should withdraw from the city, whether compulsorily or not, they would, in the confusion which was sure to ensue, have the long desired opportunity of looting the city and wreaking vengeance upon the Spanish population. But this expectation had not been realized, and they were disappointed and wrathful, looking upon the new invaders as taking the place of the old. Considering the miscarriage of this part of the revolt, and the heavy losses they had sustained, they were in a condition bordering on frenzy. That condition had been met with tact by a strong hand, but American troops were eager to avenge their fallen comrades; the Filipinos were sullenly awaiting an opportunity to repeat their first revolt.

THE FILIPINOS PREPARE FOR A MASSACRE

That there was ground for alarm was made evident by the finding at Malabon, of the following order which was to have been executed on the 15th, its execution being only delayed by the capture of Caloocan and succeeding events.

First, you will dispose so that at eight o'clock at night the individuals of the territorial militia at your order will be found united in all of the streets of San Pedro, armed with their bolos and revolvers, or guns and ammunition if convenient.

Second, Filipino families only will be respected. They should not be molested, but all other individuals, of whatever race they be, will be exterminated without any compassion after the extermination of the army of occupation.

Third, the defenders of the Philippines in your command will attack the guard at Bilibid. and liberate the prisoners and "presidarios," and having accomplished this they will be armed saying to them, "Brothers, we must avenge ourselves on the Americans, and exterminate them that we may take our revenge for the infamy and treachery which they have committed upon ns, have no compassion upon them; attack with vigor. All Filipinos en masse will second you -long live Filipinos' independence."

Fifth, the order which will be followed in the attack will be as follows: The sharpshooters of Tondo and Santa Ana will begin the attack from without, and these shots will be the signal for the militia of Troso, Binondo, Quiapo and Sampaloc to go out into the street and do their duty; those of Paco, Ermita, Malate, Santa Cruz and San Miguel will not start out until twelve o'clock, unless they see their companions need assistance.

Sixth, the militia of Tondo will start out at three o'clock in the morning; if all do their duty our revenge will be complete. Brothers, Europe contemplates us. We know how to die as men shedding our blood in the defense of the liberty of our country. Death to the tyrants! War without quarter to the false Americans who have deceived us! Either independence or death!

The fourth paragraph was not furnished to the press, but its substance could be conjectured.

Following the discovery of this plot, the tension in the city was high. The guards were doubled, and squads of soldiers searched the suspected houses. Notwithstanding this watchfulness, a secret conference of 100 Filipinos at midnight was discovered, adding to the general apprehension. Day by day, incidents more or less alarming were occurring.

THE ATTEMPT TO LOOT MANILA.

On the evening of the 22d of February, a considerable body of Filipinos, leaving their entrenchments at Malabon, forded the swamps on Gen. MacArthur's left and entered the city. At eight o'clock, an incendiary fire broke out in the Calle la Coste, in the Santa Cruz district, where, owing to the inflammable nature of the native houses, the flames spread rapidly. The city fire department being

AT THE BATTLE OF TONDO.-WORK OF MINNESOTA MEN.

unable to deal with a serious conflagration, the English fire brigade was summoned from Santa Mesa, and after several hours brought the fire under control. In the meantime, confusion reigned, notwithstanding the thorough police arrangements directed by Gen. Hughes. The district was, by the closing of the electric circuit, deprived of light, except that from the burning buildings. In the semidarkness the hose of the fire brigade was several times cut, causing the issuing