knowledge. I am glad that she did not give up the business and I am also glad that she has been made an honorary member of our society. Jonathan Periam-I am always ready to talk if I have anything to say. I always like to come and meet with you because I get a good many ideas. I like especially to attend the evening meetings for I am always sure to hear something of especial interest. To say anything in praise of these papers would be like attempting to gild refined gold, but I want to say something about one thing that was mentioned, that of moisture. One reason why there are so many failures is, whenever there is a warm, dry air, when anything that has moisture in it touches that dry air it instantly gives up its moisture to it. The reason florists can grow plants so successfully is because they can furnish that moisture. In order to be successful with any kind of plant raising in the winter you must supply plenty of moisture. It is an old Scotch adage that there is no place where plants are so successfully and well grown as in the kitchen, and it is so because there is plenty of moisture in the atmosphere. God has given the leaf to the plant in order that it may give out oxygen constantly. Everything that breathes takes in oxygen and throws out carbonic acid gas. There is this peculiarity that you will find in nature wherever you go, one thing uses what it wants and something else uses that particular thing the other does not want or use. Adjourned to meet at 7:30 a. m., Friday, to visit the expermental farm. Friday Morning. In response to a cordial invitation to visit the experimental farm at the university, all in attendance at the convention availed themselves of the opportunity of seeing for themselves the interesting experiments carried on there. Professors Goff and Henry, with Superintendent Adams, conducted us about the farm and made the visit a profitable one. We saw the practical illustration of the effects of thorough cultivation, and the lack of it, as well as the advantages to be derived from irrigation. The system of irrigation as applied to the strawberry plat was so simple that every farmer can avail himself of the method with very little expense. To the fruitgrower it would save many dollars by giving better berries and by prolonging the picking season. Beside the long rows of irrigated plants loaded with fruit of fine size and appearance were those that had not received any moisture by artificial means; poor, half-starved looking plants, with a few berries of small size. The experiments being conducted by Professors Goff and Henry are of incalcuable value to the state. The system of sub-irrigation is being thoroughly tested. The morning hours passed very quickly where there were so many objects of interest, and few there were who did not receive an incentive to go home and do more thorough work than he had ever done before. Friday A. M., June 22, Senate Chamber ORCHARDING AS COMPARED WITH OTHER FARMING. Chas. Hirschinger, Baraboo. In comparing orcharding with farming you must take into consideration the fact that it requires a long period of time before you commence to get any returns from your orchard. In this talk I am going to give you something from my account book, it is an account of an acre of land, or a piece of land that is just thirteen by sixteen rods. That acre has a history. In 1866 I raised sixty-two bushels of corn on it with fifty-two cents per bushel. In 1867 I sowed it to wheat and got one dollar and ten cents a bushel for it. In 1868 I planted it to corn and hops. I set the hops eight feet apart each way. made the corn area smaller and only raised forty-two bushels. I I manured and fertilized the land and it was in good condition. The hops grew nicely, there wasn't a missing hill. I afterwards took out the hops and planted a nursery. In 1872, October 11, I sold part of the stock, to the amount of 520 dollars, and in the spring I sold the remainder of the nursery stock. It takes some time for an orchard to grow until the trees come into bearing. In 1888 I did not have the best kind of a crop. I had Fameuse, Pewaukee and Haas; the number of barrels sold footed up three hundred and thirty-nine dollars and seventy cents. We had a good many windfalls, culls and two and one-half barrels of early Junes, which I think would about pay for my time that I spent in picking and sorting. That was not the best crop that I have raised on that acre I think this year's crop will be a better one. There are so many things that we, as horticulturists, must contend with, soil, location and many other things, if I was to make them general I might get on debatable ground. From the time I was a small boy of ten years of age I have been interested and engaged in the work. I have also been farming and raising blooded stock and, as the Yankee said, “I have been all around the sap bush," but in the profit of raising apples as compared with other crops there was one thing that bothered me and that was the spraying business. I had said I would not have anything to do with it, I would trust to the Lord, but this spring I concluded I would try spraying. The trees in the orchard I describe were twenty-four feet apart and twelve feet apart in the rows. I bought a pump and another man and I did the spraying. The expense of spraying that orchard was not over ninety-six cents, not including the team and my help. I let the sprouts grow up around my trees. I knew they ought to be off, but I did not have time to attend to them. I thought they would catch the sap suckers, but I found the sap suckers wouldn't touch them, they are a dreadful nuisance, I wish we might find some way to get rid of them. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AWARDS. To the Officers and Members of the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society: Your committee on awarding premiums for strawberries, plants and flowers respectfully submit the following report: Best display of strawberries: Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium..... Best new seedling strawberry: Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium, Crosby, Best quart for general cultivation: $4.00 2 00 91.. 200 100 1 00 50 Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium, Earle...... Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium, Haverland. Thayer Fruit Farm, Sparta, first premium Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, second .... Best three varieties for farmer: Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium..... R. D. Mason and Son, second.... ...... First premium awarded on Earle, Warfield and Haverland. Second premium awarded on Warfield and Haverland. Best quart Warfield: L. G. Kellogg, Ripon, first premium.. A. D. Barnes, Waupaca, second... Best quart Jessie: Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium.. A. D. Barnes, Waupaca, second..... Best quart Haverland: L. G. Kellogg, Ripon, first premium.. R. D. Mason and Son, second... Best quart Bubach: 090 .... 1 00 1 00 50 100 R. D. Mason and Son, first premium... Best quart Van Deman. L. G. Kellogg, Ripon, first premium.. L. G. Kellogg, Ripon, first premium....... ... 50 Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium.... Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium.. Best table bouquet roses: $3.00 1 00 2.00 1 00 Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium... 1 00 Best bouquet white roses: Geo. J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium.... 100 59 50 Best bouquet of roses, other than white: George J. Kellogg, Janesville, first premium.. Best display cut flowers: Mrs. Downing, Madison, first premium ... Best collection foliage plants: F. W. Bresee, Madison. first premium ... F. W. Bresee, Madison, first premium Best quart Early Richmond cherries: A. L. Hatch, Ithaca, first premium. ... ..... 1 00 |