and are now grown to a considerable height. As the Ewel was in beans last summer, it is most likely that these seeds came from thence; but then the distance is too considerable for them to have been conveyed by mice. It is most probable therefore that they were brought by birds, and in particular by jays and pies, who seem to bave hid them among the grass and moss, and then to have forgotten where they had stowed them.* Some peas are growing also in the same situation, and probably under the same circumstances.

CUCUMBERS SET BY BEES.

Ir bees, who are much the best setters of cucumbers, do not happen to take kindly to the frames, the best way is to tempt them by a little honey put on the male and female bloom. When they are once induced to haunt the frames, they set all the fruit, and will hover with impatience round the lights in a morning, till the glasses are opened. Probatum est.

WHEAT.

A NOTION has always obtained, that in England hot summers are productive of fine crops of wheat; yet in the years 1780 and 1781, though the heat was intense, the wheat was much mildewed, and the crop light. Does not severe heat, while the straw is milky, occasion its juices to exude, which being extravasated, occasion spots, discolour the stems and blades, and injure the health of the plants?

TRUFFLES.

AUGUST. A truffle-hunter called on us, having in his pocket several large truffles found in this neighbourhood. He says these roots are not to be found in deep woods, but in narrow hedgerows and the skirts of coppices. Some truffles, he informed us, lie two feet within the earth, and some quite on the surface; the latter, he added, have little or no smell, and are not so easily

These birds are in the continual habit of thus sowing beans, acorns, and the like, so that many lofty monarchs of the forest may have originated through their agency. The common squirrel does the same.-ED.

+ "Roots" is rather a faulty term by which to distinguish these curious vegetable productions which are a species of underground fungus.-ED.

discovered by the dogs as those that lie deeper. Half a crown a pound was the price which he asked for this commodity.

Truffles never abound in wet winters and springs. They are in season in different situations, at least nine months in the year.

TREMELLA NOSTOC.

THOUGH the weather may have been ever so dry and burning, yet, after two or three wet days, this jelly-like substance abounds on the walks.*

FAIRY RINGS.

THE cause, occasion, call it what you will, of fairy-rings, subsists in the turf, and is conveyable with it; for the turf of my gardenwalks, brought from the down above, abounds with those appearances, which vary their shape, and shift situation continually, discovering themselves now in circles, now in segments, and sometimes in irregular patches and spots. Wherever they obtain, puff-balls abound; the seeds of which were doubtless brought in the turf.t

* This is commonly called "fallen stars” in many places, a most unaccountable name, which is also sometimes applied to the spawn of toads. It is a modification of the fungus tribe, which dries up till it becomes imperceptible in dry weather.-ED.

The cause of "fairy rings" is still a subject of discussion, and I suspect the truth is that there are different kinds of them. Some I have no doubt are occasioned by minute centrifugal fungi.-ED.

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METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.

BAROMETER.

NOVEMBER 22, 1768. A remarkable fall of the barometer all over the kingdom. At Selborne we had no wind, and not much rain; only vast, swagging, rock-like clouds, appeared at a distance.

PARTIAL FROST.

THE Country people, who are abroad in winter mornings long before sun-rise, talk much of hard frost in some spots, and none in others. The reason of these partial frosts is obvious, for there are at such times partial fogs about; where the fog obtains, little or no frost appears: but where the air is clear, there it freezes hard. So the frost takes place either on hill or in dale, whereever the air happens to be clearest and freest from vapour.

THAW.

THAWS are sometimes surprisingly quick, considering the small quantity of rain. Does not the warmth at such times come from below? The cold in still, severe seasons seems to come down from above for the coming over of a cloud in severe nights raises the thermometer abroad at once full ten degrees.* The first notices of thaws often seem to appear in vaults, cellars, &c. If a frost happens, even when the ground is considerably dry, as soon as a thaw takes place, the paths and fields are all in a batter. Country people say that the frost draws moisture. But the true philosophy is, that the steam and vapours continually ascending from the earth, are bound in by the frost, and not suffered to escape till released by the thaw. No wonder then that the surface is all in a float; since the quantity of moisture by evaporation that arises daily from every acre of ground is astonishing.

In such cases, the heat radiating from the surface of the earth is of course confined by the covering of cloud, and prevented from dissipating.-ED.

FROZEN SLEET.

JANUARY 20. Mr. H.'s man says that he caught this day, in a lane near Hackwood park, many rooks, which, attempting to fly, fell from the trees with their wings frozen together by the sleet, that froze as it fell. There were, he affirms, many dozen so disabled.

MIST, CALLED LONDON FOG.

THIS is a blue mist which has somewhat the smell of coal smoke, and as it always comes to us with a N. E. wind, is supposed to come from London. It has a strong smell, and is supposed to occasion blights. When such mists appear they are usually followed by dry weather.

REFLECTION OF FOG.

WHEN people walk in a deep white fog by night with a lantern, if they will turn their backs to the light, they will see their shades impressed on the fog in rude gigantic proportions. This phenomenon seems not to have been attended to, but implies the great density of the meteor at that juncture.

HONEY DEW.

The reason of

JUNE 4, 1783. Vast honey dews this week. these seem to be, that in hot days the effluvia of flowers are drawn up by a brisk evaporation, and then in the night fall down with the dews with which they are entangled.

This clammy substance is very grateful to bees, who gather it with great assiduity, but it is injurious to the trees on which it happens to fall, by stopping the pores of the leaves. The greatest quantity falls in still close weather; because winds disperse it, and copious dews dilute it, and prevent its ill effects. It falls mostly in hazy warm weather.*

MORNING CLOUDS.

AFTER a bright night and vast dew, the sky usually becomes cloudy by eleven or twelve o'clock in the forenoon, and clear

* In a former note, I have explained the origin of this substance, so strangely misunderstood by Mr. White.-ED.

again towards the decline of the day. The reason seems to be, that the dew, drawn up by evaporation, occasions the clouds; which, towards evening, being no longer rendered buoyant by the warmth of the sun, melt away, and fall down again in dews.* If clouds are watched in a still warm evening, they will be seen to melt away, and disappear.

DRIPPING WEATHER AFTER DROUGHT.

No one that has not attended to such matters, and taken down remarks, can be aware how much ten days' dripping weather will influence the growth of grass or corn after a severe dry season. This present summer, 1776, yielded a remarkable instance; for till the 30th of May the fields were burnt up and naked, and the barley not half out of the ground; but now, June 10, there is an agreeable prospect of plenty.

AURORA BOREALIS.

NOVEMBER 1, 1787. The N. aurora made a particular appearance, forming itself into a broad, red, fiery belt, which extended from E. to W. across the welkin: but the moon rising at about ten o'clock, in unclouded majesty, in the E. put an end to this grand, but awful meteorous phenomenon.

BLACK SPRING, 1771.

DR. Johnson says, that "in 1771 the season was so severe in the island of Sky, that it is remembered by the name of the black spring. The snow, which seldom lies at all, covered the ground for eight weeks, many cattle died, and those that survived were so emaciated that they did not require the male at the usual season." The case was just the same with us here in the south; never were so many barren cows known as in the spring following that dreadful period. Whole dairies missed being in calf together.

At the end of March the face of the earth was naked to a surprising degree. Wheat hardly to be seen, and no signs of any grass; turnips all gone, and sheep in a starving way. All provisions rising in price. Farmers cannot sow for want of rain.

The true theory of dew is that it rises from the ground, not falls, as is the vulgar opinion. Much moisture is at all times continually ascending from the earth, whi passes off during the day in invisible vapour, but is condensed by the chills of night, and appears as dew.-ED.

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