of the stomach had shown hæmorrhage, and that hæmorrhage had occurred in 90 per cent. of the cases diagnosed as gastric ulcer, but which had not terminated fatally. At the London meeting White called attention to the fact that Mayo Robson had opened the stomach in a case showing gastric hæmorrhage and no ulcer was found, also to six cases showing hæmatemesis which showed no lesion at autopsy. It was maintained that it was not possible to exclude the presence of gastric ulcer in these cases from the clinical symptoms, but youth, sex (female), long duration, intervals of good health, absence of wasting, the therapeutical effect of iron, freedom from cicatricial contraction, absence of hyperacidity, and the absence of later signs of ulcer are features of importance in the differentiation. Toxæmia as a cause was favored by some of those partaking in the discussion. Yeo maintained the association, in some cases, of hæmatemesis and menstruation. A man in Barnegat, N. J., eighty-two years old, remarried and has had two children since. With such a capacity for production he should certainly get himself "incorporated under the laws of the state of New Jersey." Surgeon J. A. Guthrie, of the U. S. navy, reports (N. Y. Med. Jour.) two cases of injury from the bite of a shark which were treated by him in the U. S. Naval Hospital, Port Isabela de Basilan, Philippine Islands. He also refers to other authentic cases recorded in the ship's log of the U. S. S. Annapolis, and in the Annals of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. In a report of a meeting of the Society of Anesthetists on November 7th (British Med. Jour.) is given the statement of a case reported by Dr. Starling of reflex inhibition ་ of the heart during the administration of ether, in which manual compression of the heart restored the circulation. The patient, a man, was being operated on for adhesions about the colon, by abdominal section. The anesthesia was produced by ether preceded by gas. The appendix was found. abnormal and was being removed when the circulation failed. Artificial respiration was not successful until the surgeon (Dr. Law) introduced his hand through the abdominal incision and compressed the heart through the diaphragm, the heart being quite motionless at the time. The heart resumed its action, but voluntary respiration was absent until artificial respiration had been renwed for about twelve minutes. Dr. Starling called attention to the successful treatment by direct stimulation of the heart, to the unusual circumstance of reflex inhibition in a patient fairly under the influence of ether, and to the fact that artificial respiration was necessary to the induction of voluntary respiration even though the direct stimulation of the heart had caused that organ to resume its action. It is stated that in Lapland the following obstetric procedures are commonly practiced: The woman is made to alternately lie down, and to walk about supported under the armpits by "helpers; " later she is laid flat upon the floor and her body raised upward by the legs until only her neck and head remains upon the floor. This proceeding is known does not respond to this as "ryste." In case the woman gentle treatment, and the labor becomes tedious, a forked. tree trunk is procured and the woman is placed in the fork of the trunk. Four men then seize hold of the trunk and vigorously shake it and the woman. The women appear to ob ject to the latter method of treatment. Dr. A. Seibert (N. Y. Med. Jour.) concludes, after a considerable statistical search, that drinking water is the common carrier of typhoid infection; that waterways in populated districts have long ago become permanently infected by the typhoid bacillus; and that all towns and cities which take their drinking water from lakes, rivers or brooks are under obligation to clean the water by central sand filtration at the water works. It has been stated that ten years ago 10 of every 17 physicians of Berlin earned $750 or less per year, and that only 250 had an income of $2,000 or more. The situation at present is reported not to be improved. The first "doctor of medicine," it is said, was Gulielmo Gordenio, whose degree was granted by the College of Aosti, in Italy, in 1220. The title of "doctor" is said to date from the twelfth century, and to have been granted for the first time to Inerius, of the University of Bologna. De Boissiere, of Edinburgh (Brit. Med. Jour.), concludes that the diazo-reaction in tuberculosis of the lungs is present in a comparatively small number of cases; that when. present it is usually associated with definite pyrexia; that it is associated with an advanced stage of the disease; and that while it is present in a large proportion of the advanced cases it is absent in a considerable number of such cases. As regards the prognostic indication of the diazo-reaction in pulmonary tuberculosis, the author's conclusion agrees with that of Michaelis-that it is an indication of gravity. A. Borini publishes (Central f. Bakt. u. Path.) the results of some experiments made to determine the protective property of digitalis in rabbits inoculated with virulent cultures of pneumococcus. These experiments were instituted because of the favorable results observed from the treatment of pneumonia by digitalis. He concludes that digitalis produces a marked hyperleucocytosis which is maintained for a considerable period. This is in line with observations made some years ago by several observers the results of which were cited in support of Petresco's treatment of pneumonia by large quantities' of digitalis daily. The correspondent of the London Med. Times and Hosp. Gaz. calls attention to the following epitaph inscribed upon a monument in the Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, situated in the section of the city near where John Wesley lived and died, and which contains the graves of John Bunyan, Daniel Defoe, Isaac Watts, and other memorable persons: South Side. "Here lyes Dame Mary Page North Side. "In 67 months she was tapped 66 times, Lieut. Murison, I. M. S. (Ind. Med. Gaz.) reports a case of snake bite in a boy of twelve years. The injury was on the foot, which swelled in a half hour and became painful. The pain gradually extended to the groin, and the superficial and deep reflexes of the leg were exaggerated. Five c. c. of Calmette's antivenene was injected. The pain was relieved in a short time, and a few days later the patient was discharged cured. Bearing on the question of mortality of the negro race, an article by Hoffman (Med. Exam. and Pract.) cites from the census of 1900 the facts that between the ages of five and fourteen years there are 240 deaths among the negroes to 100 deaths among whites; that the ages from twenty-five to thirtyfour show a relative mortality of 196; and that the ages at sixty-five and over show a relative mortality of 126. This great mortality of the younger generation is taken to show the physical decadence of the negro race. He thinks that through disease and crime the negro race will in a few decades cease to be an important factor. Attention has previously been called (CLINICAl Review, Dec. '02), to the statistics of the Georgia State Sanitarium which, as stated in an article, by Dr. Perry, show a mortality of: whites, 6.7 per cent.; blacks, 17.1 per cent. Attention may also be called to the fact that some of the most prominent insurance companies that have previously taken negro risks, have lately decided to decline such risks in view of the increasing mortality of the negro race. Heermann (Archiv. f. Laryng.) reports a case of severe hæmorrhage after tonsillotomy, which was uncontrolled by ordinary methods. A silk ligature was passed through the anterior and posterior pillars and firmly tied. The hæmorrhage was at once checked. This is said to be a method employed in the City Hospital of Cologne for many years. According to the Westminster Gazette, the political success of Virchow rested largely on the wide dissemination given the following statement made while speaking of hereditary ailments: "I know of a family, a very exalted one, in which the grandfather had softening of the brain, the son a hardening of the brain, and the grandson no brain at all." It was generally understood that this referred to Frederick William II., III., and IV., of the Prussian royal house. The coroner's office of Philadelphia still declines to give hydrophobia official recognition as a legitimate cause of death. An official of that office turned down a certificate of the kind with the statement that "every physician should know better than to issue a certificate giving hydrophobia as a cause of death." It cannot be concluded from this that the average Philadelphian is too slow to die from so rapid a disease, but is rather an indication that Philadelphia is no better off in re |