SIERRA CLUB BULLETIN, VOL. X. MOUNT CLARK (11,506 FEET) the loose rock, but finally all safely reached the rock directly above the edge of the snow-field. The descent to the snow offered some difficulties, especially as that part of the snow-field directly under the cliff had been shaded throughout the day, was still frozen very hard, and was at a dangerous slope leading directly to some ugly rocks. With some assistance, all hands were finally safely on the snow-field beyond the point where a slide would mean striking rocks below. One of our party escaped a very uncomfortable slide from the spot where we first reached the icy snow only by the precaution which our pathfinder had taken to first dig very large footholds and to brace himself securely in these. Once at the point where snow-sliding was safe, rapid progress was made, both by voluntary and involuntary slides. At East Lake we shouldered our packs and finished an interesting day by tramping the remaining eight miles to Vidette Meadows. WALTER L. HUBER AN ASCENT OF TUNNABORA PEAK On July 22, 1916, Mr. James Rennie and Mr. Walter L. Huber made the ascent of Tunnabora Peak (13,593 feet) from the Sierra Club's camp in the upper portion of Tyndall Creek Basin. The peak was reached by following the south branch of the East Fork of the Kern River to its head, thus reaching the south side of the peak which slopes to Tulainyo Lake. Although all other sides of the peak are very precipitous, the ascent from the south offers no difficulties after its inaccessibility has been overcome. The records of the Sierra Club indicated that no previous ascent of this peak had been made, but a very rusty tomato-can was discovered at the summit, and by subsequent correspondence it has been learned that Mr. George R. Davis, of the U. S. Geological Survey, made the ascent in August, 1905. Tulainyo Lake, at the foot of its south slope, has a diameter of approximately half a mile and is at an elevation of 12,865 feet. This lake is in a rocky basin on the very crest of the Sierra. A sharp ridge of the main crest passes around it on the east and a less rugged ridge passes along its western side. It has no apparent outlet on either side. Its setting is unique among lakes of the High Sierra. MAZAMA ACTIVITIES FOR THE PAST YEAR In addition to their outdoor activities, the Mazama Club has established an educational course, begun last winter and continued during this one. This consists of a lecture by some competent person each Thursday evening on one of the following subjects, taken in rotation: Botany, Geology, Ornithology, and Local History. The lectures are usually illustrated with lantern-slides. The headquarters and club-rooms of the Mazamas in the Northwestern Bank building have now been maintained for two years. A single room with floor space of over 600 square feet is made to serve the various needs. This room, besides a fine collection of photo enlargements and other pictures of typical mountain scenery on the walls, is furnished as a club-room for both men and women. The Mazamas' annual outing in August was taken to the Three Sisters group, a trio of peaks lying about seventy miles easterly from Eugene, Oregon, forming the summit of the Cascade Range. The attendance was the largest in recent years, the total reaching about 120, though not all of this number were in camp for the full two weeks. The climb of the three peaks and the explorations on attractive side-trips served to fully occupy the time. An unusual feature was a snowfall of several inches on the night of August 16th. The third annual short outing to Mount Hood, covering the Fourth of July, was taken as usual, and two outings to the coast were taken during the season, as has been the case for several years past. Death has made unusual inroads on the Mazama membership during the year, and several of our valued workers have been taken. Among these the most prominent was former President Prouty, whose achievements in mountain-climbing are known in the Pacific Northwest, and in Canada as well, and whose loss is greatly deplored. WILLIAM P. HARDESTY THE MOUNTAINEERS During the past year The Mountaineers have conducted the customary series of local walks and short outings in the Cascades. Snoqualmie Lodge, built by the club in 1914, has become a favorite resort, offering a convenient base for climbing expeditions or the enjoyment of winter sports in season, particularly snow-shoeing and skiing. In the winter of 1915-16, remarkable for deep snows, the lodge was used by parties who were obliged to enter through a window in the gable, the only exposed corner. The club has purchased seventy-four acres near Chico, in Kitsap County, one of the few regions in Washington where Rhododendron californicum grows abundantly. There is danger eventually of extermination because of wanton picking and the exportation of entire plants. The new Kitsap Lodge property will protect one of the most beautiful parts of this rhododendron land. The annual outing of The Mountaineers was held August 5-27, near Mount Baker and Mount Shuksan, in the wildest section of the Cascades. Three different camps were made, three days at Twin Lakes, four at Hannegan Pass, and ten at Austin Pass. From the latter camp knapsack trips were made for the ascent of Mount Baker (10,750 feet) and Mount Shuksan (9038 feet). While not a very high peak, Mount Shuksan is particularly difficult of ascent. Its steep sides are covered with sharp pinnacles, while the mountain itself is nearly inaccessible on account of deep gorges. Even when the lower portions have been conquered, the summit, a rock pinnacle of some 600 feet rising out of the snow-field, can apparently be scaled in but one place. The party that climbed it this year numbered twenty-eight. Thirty scaled Mount Baker, an all-snow climb over very steep and deeply crevassed slopes. On both mountains was left one of the bronze record tubes used by The Mountaineers. These have now been placed for general use on fourteen peaks in Washington. WINONA BAILEY Something over a year ago Mr. George E. Wright, vice-president of the Seattle Mountaineers, succeeded in interesting Stephen T. Mather, assistant to the Secretary of the Interior, in the erection of a shelter hut at Camp Muir on Mount Rainier. The movement had the support of Superintendent Reaburn of Mount Rainier National Park, and as a result $700 was set aside by the Government for the work. The hut has now been completed, following the plans drawn by Carl F. Gould, a member of The Mountaineers. The Tacoma News of September 26 prints the following statement regarding the construction of the shelter: The house was built under the direction of Eugene Frank, who, with Fred Verville and Claude Tice, spent seventeen days and nights on the mountain, their experiences uniting the extremes in weather. Now they were almost carried away by arctic winds; then they were tanned to an Indian copper by an equatorial sun. They lived in a tent, pegged and weighted to the volcanic ash, and to their surprise they managed to retain this shelter, though the wind whipped it angrily. They could cook but little on their oil-stoves at that altitude. Seven barrels of lime and six barrels of cement were carried to Camp Muir, a little at a time, on the backs of burros. Sand was found on the camp-site-not very good sand, as it is mixed with volcanic ash, but Frank believes the cement that was made of it will stand for many a day. The house is 8 by 20 feet in size, and 7% feet high inside. Its walls are three feet in thickness. Two by six beams sustain the roof, which is sheeted with timber and covered with tar paper, well nailed, and weighted down with stones. Supt. Reaburn set aside $700 for the work, but Frank completed it at a cost of $555. Each man was paid double wages, and they certainly earned them. Bunks for twelve persons will be built in the house. Blankets, oil-stoves, and food will be placed there. And the house is to have a telephone. Supt. Reaburn proposes to carry the wire to the camp early next season. Telephone service already covers the important points on the mountain. The line to Camp Muir will |