APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF RULES OF CONSTRUCTION [FOR REFERENCE] Rule 1. A noun or a pronoun used as the subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case. (456.) Rule 2. A noun or a pronoun used independently is in the nominative case. (464.) Special Rule 1. A pronoun used independently is sometimes in the objective case. (465.) Rule 3. A noun or a pronoun used absolutely is in the nominative case. (467.) Special Rule 2. A noun or a pronoun used absolutely is sometimes in the possessive case. (474.) Rule 4. A noun or a pronoun used to modify another by denoting possession is in the possessive case. (472.) Rule 5. A noun or a pronoun used as the direct object of a transitive verb or verbal is in the objective case. (493.) Special Rule 3. A noun or a pronoun used as the cognate object of a transitive verb or verbal is in the objective case. (495.) Rule 6. A noun or a pronoun used as the indirect object of a verb, a verbal, an adjective, or an adverb, is in the objective case. (496.) Rule 7. A noun or a pronoun used as the adverbial object of a verb, a verbal, an adjective, or an adverb, is in the objective case. (497.) Rule 8. A noun or a pronoun used as the object of a preposition is in the objective case. (498.) Rule 9. A noun or a pronoun used in predication or apposition with another in the nominative or the objective case, agrees with it in case. (509.) Rule 10. A noun or a pronoun used in predication or apposition with another in the possessive case, is in the nominative case. (510.) Special Rule 4. A noun or a pronoun used in apposition with another in the possessive case, sometimes agrees with it in case. (511.) Special Rule 5. A noun or a pronoun used in apposition to modify a word or a combination of words not used as a noun, is in the nominative case. (512.) Rule 11. A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender, person, and number. (524.) Special Rule 6. A pronoun having two or more antecedents representing the same person or thing, is in the singular number; if they represent different persons or things, it is in the plural number. If the antecedents differ in person, it prefers the first person to the second, and the second to the third. If one is in the masculine or the feminine gender, and the other is in the neuter, the gender of the pronoun is indefinite. (525.) Rule 12. A subordinate conjunctive is used to introduce a clause, and join it to the word that the clause modifies. (537.) Special Rule 7. A subordinate conjunctive is sometimes used simply to introduce a clause. (538.) Rule 13. A finite verb agrees with its subject in person and number. (704.) Special Rule 8. A finite verb having two or more subjects joined by "and" and differing in person, prefers the first person to the second, and the second to the third. (705.) Special Rule 9. A finite verb having two or more subjects joined by "or" or "nor," agrees with the subject next the verb in person and number. (706.) Special Rule 10. A finite verb having two or more subjects joined by "and" and not modified by "no," "each," every," or a similar adjective, is in the plural number if they denote different persons or things. (707.) Special Rule 11. A finite verb having two or more singular subjects representing the same person or thing, or modified by "no," "each," "every," or a similar adjective, in the singular number. (708.) Rule 14. A non-finite verb does not change its form to agree with its subject in person and number. (709.) Rule 15. An adjective is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. (802.) Special Rule 12. An adjective is sometimes used absolutely, as the complement of a verbal. (803.) Rule 16. An adverb is used to modify a verb, a verbal, an adjective, or another adverb. (842.) Special Rule 13. An adverb is sometimes used to modify a noun, a pronoun, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence. (843.) Special Rule 14. The adverb there is sometimes used simply to change the relative position of the subject and predicate of a proposition. (844.) Special Rule 15. An adverb is sometimes used independently. (845.) Special Rule 16. A verbal is sometimes used independently. (905.) Rule 17. A preposition is used to introduce a phrase, and join it to the word that the phrase modifies. (932.) Special Rule 17. A preposition is sometimes used simply to introduce a phrase. (933.) Rule 18. A coördinate conjunction is used to join sentences or parts of a sentence that have the same construction. (968.) Special Rule 18. A coördinate conjunction is sometimes used simply to introduce a sentence. (969.) Special Rule 19. The coördinate conjunction or is sometimes used to join an appositive noun to the word that it modifies. (970.) Special Rule 20. The subordinate conjunction as is sometimes used to introduce a word or a phrase. (973) Rule 19. A responsive is used independently. (983.) |