believe, which the clause modifies. Other parts of speech may be used for the same purpose. Thus, in the sentence "I know whom you saw," the clause whom you saw modifies the verb know, to which it is joined by the pronoun whom. In the sentence "I cannot see what flowers are at my feet," the clause what flowers are at my feet modifies the verb can see, to which it is joined by the adjective what. And in the sentence "The tree lies where it fell," the clause where it fell modifies the verb lies, to which it is joined by the adverb where. It may be seen that Clauses may be introduced by subordinate conjunctions, pronouns, adjectives, or adverbs. 248. Words that introduce clauses and join them to the words that they modify, may be called subordinate conjunctives. Remember that a subordinate conjunctive is a part of the clause which it introduces; and that if it is a pronoun, an adjective, or an adverb, it is construed with some word in the clause. 249. The following words are among those frequently used to introduce clauses, and join them to the words that they modify: Subordinate conjunctions: if, because, that, than, whether, etc. (955.) Pronouns who, which, what, that, whoever, whichever, whoso, etc. (357.) Adjectives which, whichever, what, whatever, etc. (748.) Adverbs: when, where, as, before, how, etc. (820, 2.) EXERCISES 250. Point out seven clauses in the following sentences, the words that they modify, and the subordinate conjunctives that introduce them: 1. He liveth long who liveth well. 2. Praise God, from whom all blessings flow. 3. Who shall decide when doctors disagree? Pope. 4. The man who has planted a garden feels that he has done something for the good of the world. Warner. 5. I cannot see what flowers are at my feet. Keats. 6. The first row of trammels and pothooks which the little Shearjashubs and Elkanahs blotted and blubbered across their copybooks was the preamble to the Declaration of Independence. — Lowell. 251. Copy or compose a sentence containing a subordinate conjunction. One containing a conjunctive pronoun. One containing a conjunctive adjective. One containing a conjunctive adverb. Subordinate Conjunctives. (Continued) 252. In the sentence “That the earth is round is well known," the clause that the earth is round is the subject of the verb is known. The subordinate conjunction that is used simply to introduce the clause. The pronoun what and the adverb why are used for the same purpose in "What you do, should be done quickly;" "Why he went, is evident." It may be seen that Subordinate conjunctives are sometimes used simply to introduce clauses CLAUSES Clauses used as Adjectives EXERCISES 253. Analyze the following sentences: I. An idler is a watch that wants both hands. ORAL ANALYSIS This is a complex, declarative sentence, etc. Watch is modified by a, an adjective, and that wants both hands, a clause used as an adjective. That is the subject of the clause; it is used also as a subordinate conjunctive. Wants is the incomplete predicate; its complement is hands, etc. In outlining a clause, first select the word that it modifies, or with which it is construed. Cowper. wants P+ hands do both adj Then select its subject and predicate, and the word by which it is introduced, Clauses are written under the words that they modify, beginning about the space of four letters to the right. 2. Those who play with edge tools must expect to be cut. 3. No pleasure from which our health suffers is innocent. 4. The province was named Pennsylvania, which means Penn's OUTLINES | health s adj Our PP suffers P woods. 5. Many of the men whose 2 from which osc Is adj adv survey? + vorced. Irving. 9. General Kléber, whom Napoleon had left in command of the French army in Egypt, was assassinated by a fanatical Mohammedan. 10. We paused amid the pines that stood 4 The giants of the waste. Shelley. 1. Notice carefully the place of from which in the outline. 2. P. p., s. c. 3. Object of for. 4. 159. 254. Copy or compose three sentences containing clauses used as adjectives. 6. Is it as wise to be great as it is to be good? 7. Come as the winds come when navies are stranded. winds come as adv sc 8. Love thy neighbor as thyself. navies are stranded when adv sc 9. The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires, is like1 cutting5 off our feet when we want shoes. - Swift. 1. Than wealth (is good) modifies better. 2. Where introduces an adjective clause. 3. 85. 4. 193. 5. Vl., i. o. 256. Copy or compose three sentences containing clauses used as adverbs. Clauses used as Nouns EXERCISES 257. Analyze the following sentences 1. Do you believe that the earth is round? |