tremor and neurosis, by Eulenberg, and for local effect upon malignant new growths.

MORPHINE HYDROCHLORAS. -Dissolve gr. iss, in iv. of water; of this inject M v.-M xv. (=morphia gr. to gr. ). If in exceptional circumstances greater doses are desired, give a more concentrated solution. Aqueous solutions of morphine are apt to gather mold. Avoid attempting to purify such and to make them useful by filtering them, because by filtration and the absoption of the filter paper the strength of the solution becomes doubtful. Camphor water, instead of pure water, is recommended, though the same fungus growths have been observed with this. Still better is to substitute glycerine for water, in the proportion of one to ten parts, and dilute with water when used: R. Morphine hydrochlorate, gr. xv.; warm with glycer. pur., 3iiss.; dissolve, and add aquæ distill., 3iiss. Of this, M xv. to 3iss.-gr. to of morphine.

NICOTINE. Dissolve gr. in Div. of water, and inject of this Miv., equivalent to gr. 's of nicotine.

PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORAS.-Gr. iij. in 3iiss. of water; inject M xv. (=gr. pilocarpine).

STRYCHNIÆ SULPHAS.-Gr. iss. in 3iiss. of water. Of this, inject M iij.-M x., i. e., from gr. to gr. of strychnine.

1

45

TINCTURA CANNABIS INDICE (with water).—M v.-M x. in each injection. (A. Eulenberg).

TINCTURA OPII.—M iij.—M x., without admixture.

VERATRIN.-Gr. in Div. of alcohol, and dissolved in iv. of water. Inject of this Miij.-M x., equivalent to gr. to gr. of veratrin. Not well suited for injection.-(Exchange. Original Authority Unknown.)-Pharmaceutical Record.

TANNIN IN ANASARCA.-Dr. Garnier (L. Union Medical) arrives at the conclusions that tannin, in doses from 30 to 60 grains a day, will cure anasarea or oedema passively developed and coincident with albuminous urine. He recommends the following: B. Acid tannic, gr. xxxij.; aqua dist., 3j.; syr. chinchona, 3j. M. S. A teaspoonful three times a day. Its curative action manifests itself by an abundance of urine, which gradually assumes its physiological character: by the cutaneous transpiration; by the easy alvine evacuations; by the appetite, etc. The favorable signs appear on the second day.

THE

AMERICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

OF SAINT LOUIS, MO.,

A Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Allied Sciences.

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Original Articles solicited from all sources.

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EDITORIAL.

OCCUPATION AND ITS RELATION TO LIFE. The following is a compressed statement of the known facts concerning the health of different occupations:

1. Husbandmen.-Those engaged in agriculture are, as a class, longer-lived than any who earn there bread by manual labor. The special diseases affecting this class more than others are those of the digestive apparatus. Meals hurriedly eaten, hot biscuit, nonaërated bread, and poorly cooked meals, are regarded as potent factors of dyspepsia, and often counterbalance the good effects, such as the open air and country life. The farmer's wife is more

commonly lean, haggard and sallow, with decayed teeth, disordered digestion and derangement of the uterine functions, by reason of hard work and poorly digested food.

2.

Athletes. The elements of keen competition, which enter into all excitement of sport, tend to undue exertion of muscle and overstrain of the viscera, which ultimately bring on bad results. Prize-fighters, wrestlers, base-ball players and gymnasts are shortlived, and are subject to emphysema, hypertrophy of the heart, and pulmonary consumption.

3. Bakers are short-lived. Working in hot apartments at night, and sleeping by day, they are liable to mental wear, caries teeth, and consumption-due to other causes, such as flour dust and fermentable carbohydrates.

4. Bricklayers.-Lime dust irritates the skin and irritates the eyes, but the occupation is a healthy one. A writer has said that bricklayers and plasterers, like asses, never die."

5. Blacksmiths are subject to catarrhal affections of the respiratory organs. The habitual exposure to change of temperature induces chronic rheumatism; the bright light of the forge produces eye-affections, chronic blepharitis, presbyopia and mydriasis, with contraction of the pupil.

Aneurism is not infrequent, and a paralysis analogous to Scrivener's palsy (hephæstic) is not uncommon, due to the repeated action of the arm in using the hammer. It is estimated that a pen-knife forger delivers about 29,000 strokes a day. The writer has a brother who was compelled to give up his trade on account of hephastic hemiplegia. Phthisis, pneumonia and pleurisy are said to be rare with blacksmiths; nothwithstanding, anthracosis of the lungs is likely to be found.

6. Brewers.-Brewers suffer more or less from intemperance. A consumption of large quantities of ale, wine and beer is productive of gout and rheumatism. A continuous drinking of these spoils a healthy appetite, produces indigestion, and lays the foundation of intemperate habits. The manufacturers are exposed also to alterations of temperature-hot, steaming air, with sudden cold and damp apartments giving rise to bronchitis, pneumonia and catarrhal affections. The grain handlers are prone to pulmonary consumption, from the grain-dust. The beer-drivers or distributors are in

temperate, and usually drink at every place of delivery; their lives are short; cirrhosis and abscess of the liver are the most frequent causes of death.

Butchers.-Butchers are usually strong, healthy and ruddycomplexioned persons. Their muscular systems well developed, and are regarded as being the least disposed to phthisis. They are, however, prone to constipation, hemorrhoids, and are subjects of tape-worm.

8.

Carpenters and Cabinetmakers are subject to varicose veins and hernia. The active exercise of their arms developes the subclavius muscles, and, pressing on the subclavian artery, there is a peculiar subclavian murmur in nearly all handicraftsmen working in these trades; but this murmur is regarded as a harmless phenom

enon.

9. Clergymen, as a rule, enjoy a healthy life and a good expectation, but the celibate clergy are not regarded as good risks.

Follicular laryngitis and pharyngitis are common complaints among public speakers, barristers, auctioneers and singers, but more common among the clergy. The open mouth produces drying effects of the mucous membrane, thus irritation about the vocal chords and thickening of the mucous membrane.

Vocalization, with the chin depressed, is more difficult than with an upturned face. The ecclesiastical collar is also a mischievous affair.

IO. Laborers in Coal become sooner or later the victims of anthracosis, or " miners' lung." The carbonaceous dust settles in the lungs and induces a mechanical phthisis. Aside from the coal-dust, miners lack the proper ventilation and necessary sun-light, and as a result we may expect anæmia, nervous irritation, scrofula and tuberculosis. Exposure to dampness renders the miner liable also to bronchial affections and rheumatism.

II. Commercial Travelers are obliged to keep late hours, and to spend much time in ill-ventilated cars and over-heated apartments, besides living irregular lives and eating on the run. Hence they are not good rfsks. They suffer from disorders of digestion and constipation. Intemperance is extremely common.

12.

Physicians. Statistics are by no means agreed on the average length of life of medical men. Ramazzini held that practition

ers were exempt from ordinary diseases, in consequence of their good exercise and cheerfulness of mind. He attributed a portion of this also to their going home with their fees in their pocket; but if the opposite of this has any influence, we would judge that medical men were exceedingly unhealthy. Dr. Guy, some forty years ago, believed that the average life of the learned profession was seventy-six and a half years. Dr. Farr's statistics-from youth to forty-five the mortality is above the average; after that the deathroll differs little from the average. Dr. Ogle, more recently, thinks that mortality of physicians is increasing. In 1880 to 1882 the mortality was 23 per cent.; and he considers that this is greater than teachers, commercial travelers, bakers, printers and coal miners; and less than brewers, butchers, painters, plumbers, glaziers and quarrymen. From phthisis the mortality is low. Poisoned wounds are not uncommon. Deaths from scarlet fever, typhus, diphtheria, enteric fever, malarial fever, erysipelas, alcoholism, gout, rheumatism, malignant diseases, diabetes, diseases of the nervous system, of the circulatory system, liver diseases, calculus, and of the digestive system, are in a greater proportion than with others of the

same age.

Of the non-fatal diseases physicians are peculiarly liable-syphilitic infection from contact with specific germs in surgical and obstetrical practice. Anatomical tubercle-a warty growth occasionally seen upon the hands of dissectors and anatomists. The use of carbolic acid and other solutions in antiseptic surgery, involving the continual contact of the hands, renders the skin harsh and dry, favoring chapping, and is productive of obstinate skin eruptions.

13. Lead Workers.-Painters are liable to lead-poisoning; and, in addition, are subject to headache, dyspepsia, and general muscular weakness, which has been thought due to the inhalation of turpentine.

Plumbers may suffer from sewer-gas, and gout is not uncommon, from the effects of lead.

Type-setters are liable to tuberculosis, as a result of bad air, lack of exercise and constrained attitude. Cracks and fissures of the lips, and small tumors on the interior of the mouth, result from the habit of putting type in the mouth.

All are liable to lead-poisoning, more especially those who work