and monthly issues, of eight pages each, followed with a good degree of regularity.

In the autumn of 1876, Elder Bourdeau entered upon a year's campaign in Southern France, which resulted in the baptism of seventeen persons in Valence, as well as the raising up of isolated believers in other localities. Following this he spent a year in southern Switzerland.

The publishing work being now well under way in Basel, with the Signes entering upon its second volume, Elder Andrews resolved upon making a tour into southern Italy, where a few were keeping the Sabbath. These persons had accepted the Adventist views under the labors of Dr. H. P. Ribton, a graduate of Dublin University, residing in Naples, whose attention had first been drawn to the Sabbath truth by means of publications sent to a friend of his by Seventh Day Baptists in England, and who had later read Adventist literature from Basel. The conditions being very unfavorable to public effort, it seemed wise for Elder Andrews to devote his time mostly to visiting the people in their homes. Before leaving, he had the pleasure of baptizing Dr. Ribton, together with his wife and daughter, at a beautiful retired spot in the harbor of Puteoli, probably near the point where the apostle Paul landed on his journey to Rome. Later Dr. Ribton removed to Alexandria, Egypt, where he and three Italian brethren were slain in the massacre of Europeans that took place June 11, 1882.

On returning from Naples, Elder Andrews visited the historic Piedmont Valleys, and gave further instruction to the believers there who had first embraced the Adventist views under the labors of Mr. Czechowski. These descendants of the Bible-loving Waldenses manifested the same love of truth that characterized their brave forefathers. Accustomed to privation and hardships such as one seldom meets with elsewhere, they had developed something of the strength of their own mountain fastnesses. They had also escaped in large measure the corrupting influences which had been at work elsewhere in Italy.

The annual meeting of the Swiss brethren for the year 1877 was held at Bienne, September 30 and October 1, at which time it was reported that the paper Les Signes had nearly four hundred subscribers, and that seventeen French tracts had been printed in editions of 5,000 each, and two in editions of 10,000.

In December, 1877, the force of workers was strengthened by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. William Ings and Miss Maud Sisley. These workers came to assist in the publishing work,

and were met in England by J. N. Andrews, who used the opportunity to look for type and other printing materials, so that in future our own brethren could do the whole work of composing. Early in 1878 the publication of tracts in German and Italian was accordingly begun. A portion of a building at 63 Müllerweg was occupied as a typeroom, and the office facilities were further increased.

The work in Europe had now reached such a state of development that further counsel with the leaders in America was deemed advisable. J. N. Andrews accordingly attended, by request, the General Conference held in Battle Creek, Mich., Oct. 4, 1878. He was accompanied by Elder and Mrs. D. T. Bourdeau, and by his daughter Mary, a girl of seventeen, who had been in failing health for some months. The journey and the treatment at the Battle Creek Sanitarium failed to restore her, and she passed away on November 27. Elder Andrews himself was in feeble health at this time, and remained in America till spring, taking part in the special session of the General Conference held in April, 1879. He sailed in May, accompanied by his niece, Miss Edith Andrews, and by Miss Anna Oyer; but owing to extreme feebleness, he made a short stay in England, not arriving at Basel till near the end of August.

Meanwhile the publishing and evangelistic work had been going steadily forward, James Erzenberger, who had returned from Germany, having labored with success in various parts of Switzerland, and conducted baptisms at Morges and Tramelan.

About this time public opinion was greatly agitated over the subject of temperance, and the strong stand taken by Les Signes against alcoholic stimulants made for it friends in influential quarters. Elder Andrews was elected an honorary member of the leading temperance society in France, and his periodical was given honorable mention in the reports of the society, as a journal exerting a widespread influence on the side of total abstinence. As a result of the temperance agitation and of sending sample copies of the paper through the post, the circulation materially increased, so that at the Tramelan conference, held in 1881, the monthly edition was reported at 3,500 copies.

In the spring of 1882, S. N. Haskell, at the request of the General Conference, visited the mission. His visit was of importance in giving a new impetus to the tract and missionary work carried on by the churches. At the close of the conference at Tramelan, a general gathering of laborers working in different parts of Europe, was convened at Basel, the object being to

give them an opportunity to compare notes, and together lay some general plans for the further prosecution of the work. The meeting, which proved to be the first session of what came to be known as the European Council, lasted three days, delegates being present from Norway and England, in addition to those from different parts of Switzerland. J. N. Andrews was chosen chairman, and A. A. John, then laboring in England, secretary, and C. M. Andrews, treasurer. About the same time the printing office was moved to a new building on the corner of Weiherweg and Belchenstrasse, which also served as a home for the mission family.

The increasing feebleness of Elder Andrews making it necessary to provide further help, it was voted at the General Conference in America, held in Rome, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1882, that B. L. Whitney and his family join the mission. They arrived in Basel the following July, and a little later D. T. Bourdeau returned with his family from America, and resumed his labors, after an absence of five years.

The meeting which convened at Basel October 19 was more widely representative than any hitherto held, there being present, in addition to the Swiss brethren, representatives from Germany, Italy, and Rumania. The financial report indicated that the contributions during the year had been double those of any preceding year, a result owing largely to the zeal and interest in church missionary work which S. N. Haskell's visit had encouraged.

At this meeting, requests were made on behalf of the brethren in Italy and Rumania, that papers be published in the languages of those countries, as a means of spreading the truth. The conference not having the means to enter upon these new enterprises, resolutions were passed requesting the General Conference in America to take the matter under advisement, and pledging the help of the European members in carrying out whatever action might be taken.

While this conference was in session, J. N. Andrews, the revered leader in the work, who had been rapidly failing for some weeks, passed away peacefully October 21, one of the last acts of his life being, with trembling hand, to assign to the mission $500, which was pretty much all that remained of his earthly possessions.

He had laid the foundation of a work whose greatness and extent he and his associates little realized, and he had toiled faithfully at writing and translating until within a few days. of his death. His going was an irreparable loss,- one which

brought great sadness to the hearts of the brethren gathered out of various parts of Switzerland and other countries, who looked to him as to a father. Yet it was no time to repine. They must close up the ranks and continue the battle, taking to themselves new courage from the loyalty and earnestness of their fallen leader, and resolving to consecrate themselves unreservedly to the unfinished work.

J. N. Andrews was born at Poland, Maine, in 1829, and had labored in the message for about thirty-five years, the last nine of which had been spent in laying the foundations of the work in Europe. His character was marked by rare personal humility combined with fervent zeal and aggressiveness in forwarding the interests of the cause. He was fond of books and hard study, and without enjoying the advantage of a college education, had, by his own efforts, gained a good working knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, as well as a thorough acquaintance with church history.

Entering upon his labors in Europe, Elder Andrews applied himself vigorously to the study of the French language, and was soon using it with a good degree of fluency both in writing and in speaking. In America he had been editorially connected with the Review and Herald almost from the beginning, and he had been the sole editor of the French paper, Les Signes des Temps, which had proved such an effective means of spreading the Adventist views in Europe. He had also written a number of tracts and pamphlets, throwing light upon such subjects as the sanctuary, the United States in prophecy, and the messages of Revelation 14; but he left as his best literary legacy to the denomination, "The History of the Sabbath and the First Day of the Week," a book which came. out first in the early sixties, and now, after sixty years, still holds its place in the front rank of the standard denominational works.

Elder Andrews was married in the autumn of 1856 to Miss Angeline S. Stevens, who died in 1872. There were four chil

dren, of whom one, the eldest and only son, still survives, and has occupied for years a trusted position in the leading denominational publishing house.

J. N. Andrews was not an old man, but his constitution was weak to begin with, and the anxiety and hardships incident to the undertaking of work in a new field, under trying conditions, put it to a severe strain. Had it not been for the health principles, which gave him, as he fully believed, a new lease of life, he could not have accomplished a tithe of what he did. Had he been more careful to avoid intemperance in labor, and to provide himself with needed comforts, he would undoubtedly have lived longer; but this was too much to expect of one who took thought ever for others rather than for himself. It was much that such a man was permitted to begin the work in Europe, and there, as in his native country, his name will ever be fragrant with memories of noble, self-denying labor in behalf of the cause he loved better than his life. He had a worthy successor in B. L. Whitney, who already for some months had shared the responsibilities of the mission.

The conference being in session in Basel at the time of Elder Andrews' death, appropriate action was taken, expressing on the part of the brethren their deep sense of the loss sustained, and their determination to give themselves to the work which remained. The tract society was reorganized for aggressive work on the model of those recently put in operation in America, and plans were laid for a general missionary meeting to be held. at Chaux-de-Fonds shortly after the close of the conference, for giving instruction in home missionary work with papers and books. At this meeting, liberal orders were given by the brethren for clubs of Les Signes, the monthly edition of which had risen to 6,000 copies.

About this time there was likewise formed a Sabbath School Association, followed by the organization of Sabbath schools in the various churches and companies.

The General Conference in America having taken favorable action respecting the matter, the year 1884 witnessed the first issue of three new periodicals, the Herold der Wahrheit, an eight-page German monthly of the same size and form as Les Signes des Temps; L'Ultimo Messagio (The Last Message), a sixteen-page quarterly in Italian; and Adevarulu Present (The Present Truth), a Rumanian quarterly. The German paper began with an edition of 5,000, and enjoyed the loyal support not only of the German-speaking Swiss and the few Sabbath keepers in Germany, but also of brethren who spoke only French