by S. Hollingsworth and D. McClelland. In the effort at Portadown, Samuel Joyce accepted the truth. He was ordained elder of the church at Banbridge, and later became general field secretary for the British Union Conference.

M. A. Altman and R. Musson entered Dublin in 1906, and were able in time to raise up a small company of believers. Elders Musson and Whiteside brought out a company also at Carnglass in County Antrim. In 1908 J. J. Gillatt took charge. of the Irish mission, and was successful the following year in bringing to completion the plans begun by Elder Altman to provide a church building for Belfast.

There were faithful Sabbath keepers in Glasgow as early as 1874, when J. N. Andrews spent a short time there on his way to the Continent.

At the General Conference of 1891 it was voted that N. Z. and Mrs. Town go to Glasgow, Scotland, with a company of colporteurs, to pioneer the work in that field. He began the work there the same summer, being joined by two brethren from England. In March, 1892, Mr. Town moved to Birmingham, England, and took charge of the book work in Great Britain, the first field missionary secretary to give his whole time to the direction of the book work. At this time Ellery Robinson was devoting himself to the supervision of the paper work in the British Isles.

C. M. Dyer, of London, and R. M. and Mrs. Lamie, who went over from America, were actively engaged in the book and paper work in Scotland in the late nineties. In 1901 H. E. Armstrong was sent to open up public work in Glasgow, the number of believers in that city being about twenty. W. A. Westworth took charge of the work in 1903, and a successful tent effort was carried on by Alexander Ritchie at Kirkcaldy, resulting in the building up of a strong church. Elder Westworth was obliged to return to America on account of poor health, and the work was placed in the hands, first of J. J. Gillatt, and later of A. E. Bacon.

1

A. A. John and C. H. Keslake did some evangelistic work in Wales, and a band of faithful colporteurs circulated a large number of books, tracts, and periodicals, which brought individuals here and there to decide for the truth. The first sustained evangelistic effort was put forth when J. S. Washburn entered Cardiff in September, 1896. At the outset his meetings were held in small halls, and were not largely attended; but when he secured Lesser Park Hall, with seats for 400, and

1 One of these, W. H. Meredith, was later ordained to the ministry, and became president of the Wales Conference.

began to advertise the lectures, the attendance grew so rapidly that it was necessary shortly to move to Larger Park Hall. It had seats for 2,500, and was provided with an excellent pipe organ. The hall was occupied on Sunday nights for several months, the prophecies, the Sabbath, and other features of the denominational faith being fully presented and creating a widespread interest. The collections were large, for the most part equaling or exceeding the hall rent, and a strong church was organized at the close of the effort.

In the autumn of 1898 Elder Washburn began to hold meetings in Swansea. There were some results, but nothing to compare with those at Cardiff. After this effort, little was done for Wales for several years. Then W. H. Meredith, formerly a Welsh coal miner, who had been associated with Elder Washburn in the meetings at Cardiff and Swansea, conducted a series of meetings in the little mining town of Pontypridd, and was successful in raising up a small company of believers. C. E. Penrose, a Baptist pastor, joined the Adventists, bringing several members of his flock with him. Later W. H. Meredith took charge of the work in Wales, and continued to hold this position till he was called to the presidency of the South England Conference, being succeeded by H. E. Armstrong, who in turn was followed by A. E. Bacon.

The publishing work from its inception was a powerful means of spreading a knowledge of the message in England. Present Truth came in time to have a goodly number of permanent subscribers, who had the paper delivered to them weekly by regularly appointed agents. The editorship of the paper passed into the hands of W. A. Spicer when M. C. Wilcox was called back to the States. Elder Spicer in turn was succeeded by E. J. Waggoner, who arrived in England with his family in the spring of 1892, and continued to edit the paper until the summer of 1902. He then returned to America, W. T. Bartlett taking his place.

Aggressive work in canvassing for the large books was conducted under the auspices of the Pacific Press, of Oakland, Calif. In October, 1889, six colporteurs went over from America, and began work in the British field. They enjoyed fair success from the beginning. The publishing work continued under the fostering care of the Pacific Press until the spring of 1892, when the General Conference Association took over the business, and from that time the work was carried on under the name of the International Tract Society, which was legally organized as a limited company in August, 1894.

In 1895 the workers at the International Tract Society, by carrying on Sunday labor, came into conflict with the factory laws. The managers of the office were warned by the authorities to desist from employing women and minors on Sundays. Since these persons had their Sabbaths free, and thus were already enjoying the full benefits of the rest the law was intended to provide, the management did not feel free to turn them away on Sunday. John I. Gibson, secretary of the board of directors, was thereupon called into court to answer to the charge of violating the law, and a fine of £3 was imposed. In default of payment, the authorities seized and sold certain articles of office furniture in order to cover the fine. Meanwhile, the London papers had taken up the matter, and spread the news far and wide that there was a denomination in the country who taught that the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Bible, and that Sunday is, and should be, regarded as a working day. A deep interest was awakened throughout the kingdom, which resulted in the material increase of the circulation of Present Truth and of other reading matter containing the advent message.

While very helpful institutes had been held at different times, educational work in England began in the autumn of the year 1901, when Professor and Mrs. H. R. Salisbury went over from America to take charge of Duncombe Hall Missionary College. The first year school opened in January, 1902, and continued twenty-one weeks in Duncombe Hall, in North London, the students occupying private lodgings in the neighborhood.

The next year the school began September 2, and continued thirty-six weeks in Holloway Hall, facing Holloway Road, one of the main business streets of North London. Among the young men who attended this year were a number from America, two of whom, the brothers Frank and Walter Bond, went to Spain to open up work there at the close of the school year. In the fourth year, the school was held at Manor Gardens, two large villas in the neighborhood of Holloway Hall being fitted for school home and classrooms. This year there were seventysix students, of whom twelve were in the intermediate grades. H. C. Lacey was called over from America to assist in the teaching, and took charge of the Bible instruction.

The fifth and sixth years the school continued in the same place. At the close of the latter year Professor and Mrs. Salisbury left the school and returned to America to take charge of the Foreign Mission Seminary in Washington, D. C.

The seventh year opened with H. C. Lacey in charge. A new school property had been purchased, consisting of an old-fashioned manor house and fifty-five acres of beautiful grounds near Watford, seventeen miles north of London. In 1910 the school was moved into a new brick building erected for its accommodation, which it has continued to occupy. On Professor Lacey's returning to America in 1913, the school was placed under the charge of W. T. Bartlett, who was succeeded in 1915 by Glenn

Wakeham. The institution, known since its removal into the country as Stanborough Missionary College, has ever kept in close touch with the needs of the field, and from its classes have gone out many successful workers.

By 1925 the faculty of the institution, headed by Prof. G. Baird, principal, numbered twenty teachers, giving instruction in twenty-eight subjects, including normal work. ministerial training, domestic science, carpentry, market gardening, and farming, each of which is so comprehensive as to include more than is sometimes understood by the simple term "subject."

Medical missionary work in the United Kingdom began in the year 1898, when Drs. D. H. and Lauretta Kress went to England at the request of the British Conference committee.

During the greater part of the first year they devoted their time to giving lectures and holding health schools, in which work they were eminently successful. They also began to issue a magazine called Life and Health, which continued to be published for nearly a year, and did much to spread a knowledge of the principles of healthful living.

In 1899 a property was rented near Redhill, Surrey, and in September of that year it was opened as a sanitarium. A small class of enthusiastic young people was organized for instruction in nursing, and the prospects were excellent for a growing work,

when failure of health on the part of Dr. D. H. Kress made it necessary for him to leave the country. The health magazine was accordingly discontinued in the summer of 1900, and the work was in abeyance until the following year, when Dr. A. B. Olsen, having secured his British qualification, began health educational work, conducting health schools, giving lectures, etc. The first number of the new health magazine, bearing the name of Good Health, was issued in November, 1901.

In 1902 a small institution containing ten bedrooms and well-arranged bathrooms was opened in rented premises in the city of Belfast, Ireland, Dr. J. J. Bell being placed in charge. Work was carried on here until the autumn of 1906, when the institution was moved to Rosstrevor, County Down, about two and one-half miles from Warrenpoint. This institution was conducted until the first of October, 1911.

As a result of a good health school conducted by Dr. and Mrs. A. B. Olsen at Leicester, England, in 1902, a sanitarium was opened in that city in a building owned by Mr. J. W. Goddard, at a nominal rental of £1 a year. Mr. Goddard also built a