In 1913 a station formerly used by the government was sold to the missionaries, and a new work started there. Two other sites were granted in 1914, one being in the Kisi country, among the people of a different tribe. In 1914 three additional stations were opened among the Kavirondos, and the one among the Kisi was reopened.

Communication between the various stations is facilitated by the use of the mission schooner, which plies on the lake. There is a small press, on which a monthly periodical is printed in the Kavirondo tongue.

The work was more or less broken up during the World War; nevertheless 100 believers were baptized in that period. In 1920 and 1921 the British Union sent out some new workers, headed by W. T. Bartlett, in order that those who had been long in the field might have a furlough. The government made a grant of ten acres for a hospital at Kisi, which was placed under the charge of Dr. G. A. Madgwick, a former superintendent of the Stanborough Park Sanitarium.

The British and Foreign Bible Society announced in 1921 that it had accepted a translation of the Epistles prepared by A. A. Carscallen, other parts having been translated by other men. This gave the whole of the New Testament to the Kavirondos.

The Pare Mission

This and the following mission were located in what was formerly German East Africa, but is now the Kenya Colony, under British mandate.

The first workers were J. Ehlers and A. C. Enns, who arrived at Dar-es-Salaam, a port on the East African Coast, some twenty-five miles south of Zanzibar, Nov. 12, 1903. Before the end of the month a mission site had been secured among the native people in the Pare Mountains. The allottment consisted of thirty acres of cultivated land lying in a healthful region 3,600 feet above sea level. Suitable buildings were erected, and the mission received the name Friedenstal (Vale of peace).

In the spring of 1904, L. R. Conradi visited the mission, and brought with him four additional laborers, one of whom was obliged to leave shortly, owing to an attack of fever. Two new stations were opened in the district in 1906, namely, at Kihuiro and Vuasu. Early in 1908 the first fruits were gathered in, six of the young men receiving baptism.

Meanwhile E. Kotz and B. Ohme had been hard at work reducing the native dialect to writing, and translating into it

suitable evangelical literature. A Chassu grammar prepared by E. Kotz was published by the German government. In the course of the year 1909 six new schools were opened, bringing 350 pupils under the instruction of missionary workers. Twenty-six pupils were baptized that year. At the urgent invitation of three chiefs, a school was opened also at Kiranga, with sixtyseven pupils.

The work continued to go steadily forward, the year 1913 witnessing 133 baptisms, and the ordination of five native deacons. The mission published in the Chassu language, besides the grammar already mentioned, a song book, primer, reader, and the Gospel of John. It put out in the Swahili dialect, which is derived from the Arabic, a collection of Bible readings and a monthly paper, the latter prepared on the cyclostyle.

When the World War broke out, the membership at the Pare station was 256, with 2,338 natives under instruction in the schools and outschools. There was considerable scattering of the converts during the war. In 1921 the British Union sent three families from Kenya, one to reopen the Pare Mission, the other two to work along the southeastern shore of the Victoria Nyanza. In that year the British and Foreign Bible Society announced that it would issue the New Testament in a new language of the Pare Mountain tribes, the translation being made by E. Kotz.

The Victoria Nyanza Mission

The southwestern shore of the Victoria Nyanza was explored in 1909 by A. C. Enns, of the Pare Mission. In the following year he and E. Dominick settled at a point known as Majita. They were no sooner encamped than a troop of boys marched up to them, and saluting like soldiers said, "We've come, Mr. Missionary." They meant they had come to go to school; but they were willing first to work for money with which to clothe themselves. The school was started in February, about a month after the arrival of the missionaries. The school building, 50 x 16 feet, was intended to accommodate 160 pupils, seated close together; but within four days of the opening no less than 600 boys and 175 girls applied for admission.

In 1912, B. Ohme came from Pare to take the general oversight of the Victoria Nyanza Mission. There were then five stations and fourteen missionaries. Three additional stations were established in that year, work being begun among the

Wasukumu people. At the annual conference held toward the end of the year, the field was organized into three main districts, Majita, on the east shore of the lake; Busegwe, the interior lying east of the lake; and Usukuma, the interior lying southeast of the lake. At that time there were 1,214 pupils in the several schools. Two years later there were twelve stations and eight outstations, with twenty-two missionaries and twentythree native assistants.

Dr. F. W. Vasenius entered upon medical work in the Busegwe district. The mission was provided with a schooner to ply on the lake. Manuscripts were prepared for a dictionary, a hymn book, the four Gospels, and for primers in the various districts. Since the World War the mission with its outstations has been largely in the hands of native teachers.

The Abyssinian Mission

In the year 1907 the first Adventist missionaries to Abyssinia, J. Persson and P. N. Lindegren, sailed for Suez and Massawa. They were sent by the Scandinavian Union Conference, and they traveled by rail and cart to Asmara, in the Italian colony of Eritrea, where they were able to secure a language teacher. Having obtained a fair knowledge of the language, they entered the country proper, and in 1909 settled on an Italian homestead of seventy-five acres, lying a mile out of Asmara. The next month came Dr. and Mrs. F. W. Vasenius and V. E. Toppenberg, a nurse; also L. R. Conradi. In the following year a mission home and school were erected. E. J. Lorntz, of Norway, assisted in teaching the natives. Somewhat later Dr. Vasenius and Mr. Toppenberg were transferred to the Victoria Nyanza Mission field; and H. Steiner came from Switzerland to serve as director.

The mission farm had a remarkable deliverance in 1913. Hosts of locusts were devouring every living thing around them, and they fell upon the mission fields. As the workers prayed for deliverance, they were thankful to see great flocks of birds coming from every direction. Storks and other birds settled in the fields, and entirely destroyed the locusts.

The first fruits of the Abyssinian Mission appeared in 1914, when three converts were baptized, an Abyssinian priest and two deacons. During the World War the mission was looked after by natives. In 1921 V. E. Toppenberg returned to resume work, having been sent by the Scandinavian Union.

The North African Mission

As far back as 1886 a Spanish Protestant in Oran, Algeria, accepted the Adventist views through reading our French periodicals. He was active in spreading a knowledge of the truth, and was joined by others, so that a worker coming over from Switzerland in 1889 was able to organize a church; but the opposition was strong. The leader, a baker, lost all his business, and moved from the city. Eleven members left for South America, and the company of believers was eventually broken up. In 1909, U. Augsbourger, of France, began evangelistic work among the French-speaking people in the city of Algiers, and some accepted the message. S. Jespersson, who conducted treatment-rooms for a time, was obliged to leave, owing to ill health. In 1912, P. Badaut entered the field, meetings being held in Constantine, east of Algiers. A year later, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Hancock, formerly of Guatemala, and R. T. E. Colthurst, of the West Indies, were appointed to this field, the former settling in Oran, and the latter in Mustapha. It was intended that Elder Hancock should open work in Morocco, but the outbreak of war made it necessary to postpone such a move. The city of Algiers was reported as having thirty members in 1919, there being churches also in Oran and Relizane.

Egypt

In the late nineties several Armenian Adventists moved to Egypt, where they did what they could to spread a knowledge of the message. About the same time, J. Lenzivgir, an Italian, began to do ship missionary work at Port Said, and in 1889 Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Passebois and Miss Schlegel, trained nurses, settled in Cairo, where they conducted a restaurant and health home, and did some Bible work. A Copt minister, working for the Presbyterians in Upper Egypt, came across the tract, "Is the End Near?" sent for further publications, and ended by accepting the Adventist views and becoming an active worker. At the time of a visit from L. R. Conradi in 1901, a church was organized in Cairo, baptism being administered in the river Nile.

W. H. Wakeham took general charge of the work in 1902. A small book on the prophecies of Daniel was published in the Arabic, and had an extensive sale. Elder Wakeham was obliged to leave Egypt in 1906, owing to the breakdown of his wife's health. Mrs. Wakeham died before the ship reached England.

In the autumn of the same year, Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Nethery were appointed to the field. An apostasy breaking out among the Armenian and Syrian believers reduced the number temporarily. Elder Nethery returning to England, the work was for a time directed from Syria. In 1909 a Coptic believer, A. A. Elshaneed, began to work in Luxor, near ancient Thebes. In the same year, George Keough, of England, went to Egypt, working

GROUP OF BELIEVERS AT CAIRO, EGYPT

at first in Cairo, and afterward in Luxor. Somewhat later he took the superintendency of the field. In 1912 calls came from Beni Addi, near Assiut, on the Nile. Elder Keough found one man who had kept the Sabbath for On visiting that place, six years and another for two years. A series of meetings was held, and a company of sixteen believers was brought out. Some work was also done at this time in Assiut.

In the spring of 1914 the territory was grouped in two main divisions, Elder Keough taking Upper Egypt, with headquarters at Beni Addi, and Elder W. C. Ising taking Lower Egypt, with headquarters at Cairo. Shortly after the outbreak of the World War, Elder Ising was interned on the island of Malta. In the antiforeign uprising after the war, Elder Keough was unharmed, while the other Europeans in that district were slain. The fact that his life was spared could not be regarded otherwise than as providential.