suburb of Calcutta, and about the same time an orphanage for boys was opened in the same city. After two years this school was moved to Karmatar, where it was continued until 1906. A number of the present native workers in the Bengali language were taught in this orphanage. It was in connection with this institution that the first English school was started, under the direction of Thekla Black, with Anna Orr as head teacher. In 1911 the English school was revived and opened in Mussoorie, with Mrs. Edith E. Bruce in charge.

These various agencies were showing some results, but it was felt by those who had the general oversight that if the work of giving the message to the natives of India was to be carried forward successfully, it must be put on a somewhat different basis. The new missionary recruits, instead of being called upon almost immediately after their arrival to fill some of the openings, must be assigned to a definite language to begin with and master it. At the conference of workers held toward the close of 1906, it was unanimously decided that persons attempting to learn a native tongue should have their whole time for the undertaking. Moreover, their course was to be marked out for them somewhat definitely, and dates set for the various examinations.

Following the council, Mr. and Mrs. J. S. James were located in Bangalore, South India, to open work among the Tamil

speaking people; and Mr. and Mrs. R. R. Cook were assigned to the Santal work in West Bengal. Property for a mountain mission was purchased at the hill station of Mussoorie, North India, and dedicated in 1907. Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Burgess (L. J. Burgess and Miss Burrus had recently been married) moved to Dehra Dun, on the plains below Mussoorie, where they continued evangelistic work in the Hindi and Urdu tongues. As a result of following the above-mentioned plan, J. L. Shaw was able to report at the General Conference in 1909 that work

H. R. SALISBURY WITH HIS STUDENTS AT MUSSOORIE

had been opened up in eight different languages. Some of the workers, he said, "were far enough along to give themselves fully to evangelistic work, while others were still spending most of the time in study of the language." Workers were then engaged among the English, Bengali, Hindustani, Burmese, Tamil, Marathi, and Santali people.

Aggressive evangelistic work among the English-speaking people, especially of the large cities, was carried on by J. M. Comer in Calcutta and South India, and by G. W. Pettit and G. F. Enoch in Bombay.

As the work grew, the need arose for a more extensive organization. At the conference in Lucknow held in the autumn of 1910, India was definitely organized into a union mission under the superintendency of J. L. Shaw, the whole field being divided into five missions; namely, Bengal, North India, South India, Burma, and West India. The further development of the work in India will be considered under these five heads, as follows:

Bengal

Adventists began their work in India in the province of Bengal, the largest of the governmental divisions of British India. Lying largely in the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, Bengal is a highly fertile province, famine being practically unknown. It is also the most highly developed district educationally, Calcutta, the principal city, having several colleges and fine universities, as well as a good system of public schools. The country is very malarious, however, many of its inhabitants dying yearly from this cause. The first superintendent of this part of India was J. C. Little, who while engaged in his itinerating work, was attacked by cholera, and died Aug. 10, 1910. W. R. French was sent to take his place, and he arrived in India in time to be present at a meeting in 1910, when the general organization was effected.

At this meeting Bengal was organized into a mission, with four stations, namely, Karmatar, Babumohal, Gopalgunj, and Calcutta. Karmatar, the first Seventh-day Adventist vernacular mission station, was opened in 1901, being first operated as an orphanage and afterward as the original headquarters of the Watchman Press, established in 1898. Educational work was a feature of this station from the beginning. Within a few years five village schools were in operation, besides one English intermediate school. Sabbath schools were organized in the village schools, with an attendance larger than that on week days. The intermediate school was opened in 1913, and soon had an attendance of sixty boys, including children of some high-caste parents. Medical work is done in the dispensary, where large numbers of suffering natives receive medical care, and have their attention directed to the great Physician.

The Babumohal Mission had its beginning in the year 1900, when W. A. Barlow secured a small plot of land near Simultala, a town in the Santal country, where in due time he opened a school for boys. This was the first Seventh-day Adventist boarding school among the Santal people, and by means of it the first Santal converts were obtained. Two outschools were started, with an attendance of about thirty, one a night school for shepherd lads, and the other a village day school. A beginning was made in getting out literature in the Santali language, tracts and a hymn book being among the first publications.

'Work was begun at Gopalgunj by L. G. Mookerjee, who with his wife began as a self-supporting worker, but was afterward engaged in labor under the Mission Board. With their

own money Mr. and Mrs. Mookerjee erected a dwelling for themselves, a church, a dispensary, and a house for native workers. Mrs. Mookerjee's health failing, they went to America for a year. On their return it was not thought best for them to continue the work in that region. Mr. Mookerjee was accordingly given charge of the Calcutta Bengali church and the literature work in Bengal, and A. G. Watson was placed in

charge of the Gopalgunj station. Colporteur work is being carried on by a number of the natives. The whole of the district lying in the delta of the Brahmaputra River, for a portion of the year, is flooded with water, which necessitates the use of boats as a means of transportation. A twenty-five-foot motor launch, bought by appropriation of the General Conference in 1910, has been a great help in the development of the mission. There is a boys' school in the district, with a large attendance, nearly all the pupils being Hindus.

In Calcutta, public meetings were conducted regularly in a rented hall, and there was a slow but steady growth in the membership. A half dozen colporteurs are employed in the sale of denominational literature. The sanitarium work inau

gurated by Dr. Place, and continued by the Doctors Ingersoll and H. C. Menkel, was in course of time discontinued, and treatment-rooms were started, which are operated successfully at the present time. Dr. V. L. Mann went to India in December, 1911, to supply the place of Dr. Menkel during his furlough, and has since been engaged in medical work. Dr. Menkel in time opened treatment-rooms in Simla.

The removal of the union headquarters of the printing office to Lucknow in 1908 strengthened the work in North India, which is the most populous of the five divisions, having 130,000,000 inhabitants within its borders. In 1910 Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Burgess established an industrial school among the Garhwal people in the Himalayas, near Dehra Dun. They opened this school in response to urgent requests from the native people. Land was donated by the government, and people gave freely toward the expense of erecting a school building, and also helped the missionaries to build a dwelling house. The Garhwal district being located in the Himalaya Mountains, where the climate is cool, it is a good place in which to carry on the education of Hindustani workers.

The progress of the work in North India has not been without opposition. John Last, a zealous evangelist who preached