necessary to make substantial additions to the sanitarium building which came to have accommodations for more than a hundred patients. The training school work which had been carried on successfully for several years at Gland, was later transferred to the Latin Union Training School at Haute-Savoie, France. The church in Geneva developed special strength. During the World War it received considerable additions, H. H. Dexter conducting a series of services in a theater. After the war U. Augsbourger reported a membership approaching a thousand.

The Mauritius Mission

The Latin Union has a general oversight of the work in Algiers, which has been dealt with briefly under Africa. It has also a mission on the island of Mauritius, which had its beginning in this way: Mlle. R. Le Meme went from Mauritius to Switzerland to recover her health. For years she had felt a special interest in the prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation, and seeing an announcement to the effect that these prophecies were being explained at a certain place, she attended our meetings and accepted the truth. On her return to the island, she interested her friends, and a call was sent for a preacher. Paul Badaut responded, and by the end of 1914 there was a church there of twenty-eight members. When Brother Badaut returned to France in 1920, the work on the island went forward under the supervision of M. Raspal. There were 150 members at the close of 1921.

The Latin Union After the War

In the reorganization following the World War, A. V. Olson, of Eastern Canada, succeeded L. P. Tièche as head of the Latin Union, and J. Vuilleumier was called back from Canada to assist in editorial work. L. L. Caviness was sent over from America to serve as union secretary for the educational and young people's work. A permanent location for the union training school was secured at Collonges sous Salève, in France, five miles south of Geneva. At this point two hotel buildings were purchased, together with a small piece of land and a good spring of water. In the summer of 1921 a number of young people went out into the colporteur field under the leadership of J. A. P. Green, who had lately come over from the Spanish-American field. A number were successful in earning scholarships, and the school had an enrolment the first year of seventy-five, who represented all the different fields of the Latin

Union. The membership of the union, as reported at this time, amounted to exactly 1,999, with sixty-seven churches. By 1925 the number had increased to 3,033 members, with seventyseven churches.

Turkey

It was a humble instrument that was chosen to be the first bearer of the third angel's message to Turkey. About 1838 there was born in Asia Minor, on the shores of the Black Sea,

a Greek by the name of Anthony. He became a shoemaker by trade, and emigrated to the United States, where he attended a Seventh-day Adventist camp-meeting in California. Although his knowledge of English was limited, he obtained an understanding of the truth, and promised the Lord on that campground that if He would send him a purchaser for his shoe shop, he would immediately return to his own country and give the message to his people.

On returning home the first person who came to him was a man who wished to buy his business. He sold, and was soon off for Turkey. He went at his own expense, and on his way to the home of his childhood he stopped for a short time in Constantinople. Supposing that everybody would be as glad to hear the message as he had been, he went directly to the Protestant churches, and there proclaimed it, but he was not favorably received. However, he remained in the city, and continued to talk his views as he had opportunity, till finally the Protestants

reported him to the authorities as a disturber of the peace. He was arrested and kept in prison as long as his money lasted. On being released, he found work with a manufacturer of shoes, who, however, paid him only half wages because he kept the Sabbath. Nevertheless, he found time on Sundays and on the evenings of other days to spread a knowledge of the faith.

At this time he was rooming with a man by the name of Baharian, with whom he had been acquainted before he went to America. Baharian had a son who was attending college at Aintab, and to this son he would send from time to time the tracts that Mr. Anthony gave him. The son spent the summer season of 1890 in Constantinople, where he met Mr. Anthony at the home of his father, and received from him the loan of two books, "Daniel and the Revelation" and "The History of the Sabbath." He read these books, and was convinced of the truth of the Adventist views. At the invitation of H. P. Holser, then superintendent of the Central European Mission, he went to Basel, and remained there till the spring of 1892, when he returned to Turkey to preach the message.

Meanwhile Mr. Anthony went on with his work. He was often in prison for preaching. When the chief of police forbade him to preach any more, he replied that he could not comply with such orders, saying: "I am not my own. I gave myself to the Lord, and He commands me to preach, and I must preach. If you put me in prison, I will preach. I can do nothing else than what the Lord commands me."

On one occasion he was cast into prison because he distributed tracts, and the authorities promised to release him if he would agree not to do so any more. At first he thought he could do this conscientiously and work in some other way; but while the officer was accompanying him to his home to receive a written guaranty to this effect, it occurred to him that the Lord might be pleased to have him work with tracts. He accordingly told the officer that he could not give the required guaranty, and was taken back to prison. When in course of time he was released, he returned to his work. He was a man of great simplicity of character. He had come back to his home country to carry the good tidings, and he devoted his energies unreservedly to this one thing, leaving the rest with God.

When Z. G. Baharian returned to Constantinople, he and Mr. Anthony began holding meetings in a sort of hotel. The first person to be interested was a Greek colporteur of the American Bible Society by the name of Abraham. He brought with him to the meetings a tailor whose name was John Isaac.

John Isaac brought his brother-in-law with him. The study that day was on Daniel 8. On the fourth Sunday the sanctuary question was taken up. In the course of a few weeks Mr. Isaac began to keep the Sabbath. About the same time an Armenian brother embraced the Adventist views, also his sister, who was later married to Brother Baharian. Thus in the course of a few months there had come to be six Sabbath keepers in Constantinople.

By this time the believers had got out some tracts in ArmenoTurkish, and some in the Greek-Turkish language, which they distributed as they were able. They also rented a house, and made public announcement that meetings would be held on Sabbaths and Sundays. This provoked opposition, and Brethren Anthony and Baharian were both arrested. After investigation the authorities let them go, but advised them not to make any public announcements of their meetings.

The six believers in Constantinople having been baptized in the sea in 1892, the brethren began early in 1893 to work in the villages outside of Constantinople. At Bardizag four persons began to keep the Sabbath. The message was also carried to Ovajik, where a well-known Protestant by the name of Minas Beurekian accepted the Adventist views. Elder Baharian coming thither to labor in 1894, three more persons accepted the truth; but great opposition arose, and a mob surrounded the house of Beurekian, and broke the windows. Baharian's life was in imminent danger, but the village police took him in charge, and saw him safely to Bardizag. The interest in Ovajik developed still more rapidly after this tumult, and soon there was a Seventh-day Adventist church there of thirty members.

In 1894 H. P. Holser visited Turkey, and Z. G. Baharian was ordained to the ministry. The two men then visited various parts of Cilicia. Elder Holser on this occasion spent some time with the company in Constantinople. He instructed the brethren more fully in the message, and finally organized a church of twenty members.

In 1904 Dr. A. W. George was sent to take charge of the work in Turkey, and opened a medical mission in Constantinople. At that time Elder Baharian, with other workers, was in prison for a year. Treatment-rooms were established in 1906 by Dr. and Mrs. Ceorge on a site overlooking the Sea of Marmora; but it was soon necessary for them to leave Turkey, owing to broken health, Dr. George dying at Friedensau the following year. C. D. AcMoody began his labors in 1907, holding meetings and conducting baptisms in the vicinity of Constantinople and

Brusa, as well as in other places. In the summer of 1907 the Constantinople church was prohibited from assembling in a hall, and therefore came together in an open common on the Asiatic shore of the Bosporus. In July of the same year seven were baptized in the Sea of Marmora, two of them being Jews, two Greeks, and two Armenians. At the opening of the year 1908, Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Greaves, of Canada, landed in Smyrna to begin work.

It marked a new era for our work in Turkey when in July, 1908, a constitution was granted, guaranteeing freedom of speech and of the press. A general meeting was called at Beirut, Syria, in September of that year, at which for the first time the workers could preach and sing and pray without restriction. In the following winter a Bible institute was successfully conducted. C. D. AcMoody was obliged to leave the field in January, 1909, on account of illness, dying in America two years later. The directorship was taken over by E. E. Frauchiger, of Germany. In the spring of 1909, in the course of the massacres of Christians by Moslems in the regions of Adana and Tarsus, six of the Adventist brethren were slain.

The work has been attended with danger all the way along; but there have been many remarkable providences and many deliverances. At the 1911 European Council, held in Friedensau, Germany, A. Buzugherian, of Smyrna, told of one time when the workers were anxious to come together to hold a Bible institute, but the government repeatedly refused to grant the necessary permission. Just about that time the government shut them all up in prison, together with Z. G. Baharian, their leader. So they had their Bible institute behind the bars.

Elder Baharian made a trip through eastern Asia Minor in 1910, finding open doors everywhere. The workers often met with violence, however, from the Armenian Christians as well as from the Turks. A school was conducted in the winter of 1910-11 in Constantinople, the Greek, Turkish, and Armenian being the principal tongues used in the classroom. A book depository has been established in Constantinople, and Turkish tracts are sold from house to house.

Just before the World War, the number of believers in Turkey was about 350. During the war the believers were badly scattered. Z. G. Baharian, the faithful leader, came to his end in 1915, evidently being killed and robbed by a Kurdish driver who had agreed to take him part way on one of his long journeys. It was not an unexpected end. This apostle of our day was like one of old, "in perils oft;" he knew what it was to