Petrolatum is known commercially as cosmoline, vaseline, petrolina, deodorolina, etc. PARAFFIN.-The degree of hardness of petrolatum is due to the greater or less proportion of paraffin present. This substance may be obtained in a pure form by distilling the residuum obtained from the refiners of petroleum, and collecting and purifying the distillate. In its pure state it is a white, waxy, inodorous, tasteless substance, harder than tallow, softer than wax. Sp. gr. 0.877; melting point ranges between 43° C. and 65° C. (109° F. and 151° F.). If a portion be liquefied and brought to a temperature of 60° C. (140° F.), it will have a sp. gr. of about 0.820 to 0.850. Range of melting point about 45° and 51° C. (113° and 125° F.). PETROLATUM SPISSUM, U. S.-Hard Petrolatum. (Petrolatum, Pharm. 1880. Hard Petroleum Ointment.)—A mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh gas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum, and purifying the residue when it has the desired melting point. A fat-like mass, of about the consistence of cerate, varying from white to yellowish or yellow, more or less fluorescent when yellow, especially after being melted; transparent in thin layers, completely amorphous, and without odor or taste, or giving off, when heated, a faint odor of petroleum. BENZINUM, U. S.-Benzin. (Petroleum Benzin. Petroleum Ether.)-A transparent, colorless, diffusive liquid, with a strong, characteristic odor, slightly resembling that of petroleum, but much less disagreeable, neutral reaction. It is a purified distillate from American petroleum, consisting of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series (CH12 CH142 and homologous compounds), having a sp. gr. from 0.670 to 0.675, and boiling at 50° to 60° C. (122° to 140° F.). Benzin should be carefully kept in well-stoppered bottles or cans, in a cool place, remote from lights or fire; for it is highly inflammable, and its vapor, when mixed with air and ignited, explodes violently. Mentha Piperitæ (Pepper- Lavandula Florum (Laven- Flowers. Cortex (fresh lemon peel). Cortex (rind of fresh fruit). Leaves and tops 2%. Menthol, a stearopten, C10H200. Leaves and tops 1⁄2 to 1 %. Oxygenated oil, C10H140, and a terpene, C10H180. Leaves and flowering tops. Mixture of cymene, C10H14, thymene, C10H16; Hedeoma pulegioides. Thymi (Thyme) (Oil of Ori ganum),. Thymus vulgaris. Cari (Caraway), Coriandri (Coriander), Coriandrum sativum. Fruit, 1 %. Pimpinella anisum. Fruit, 2%. Undetermined species of cin Bark of root. Anisi (Anise), . Laurineæ. Cinnamomi (Cassia), the latter is chiefly thymol, C10H140. A carvene, terpene, C10H16, and carvol, Terpene, C10H16, and anethol, C10H120. C10H16, and anethol (mainly), C10H12O. Cinnamic aldehyde, C,H,O, oxydizing, first into cinnamic acid, C9H8O2, then into benzoic acid, C-H6O2. Terpene, safran, C10H16, Oxygenated portion, safrol, C10H1002. Eugenia aromatica, caryo- Unexpanded flowers, 16%. Mixture of two oils. Light oil is C10H16. phyllin, C10H16O, eugenin, C10H1202. Heavy oil consists of eugenol (eugenic Terpene, C10H18, and eugenol, C10H1202. C10H16H2O = putol. cajuputene hydrate, or caju Eucalyptol, C10H16O, two terpenes, C10H14, C10H16. Seed, deprived of its testa. Terpene, C10H16, and an oxygenated por- Myristica (Nutmeg), Myristica fragrans. Leaves. Betula lenta. Bark. A colorless, or slightly yellowish liquid; strongly aromatic odor and sweetish, warm and aromatic taste of Oil of Gaultheria; neutral or chiefly acid reaction. Wholly identical with the volatile oil of betula. Seed. Unripe fruit, 10 %. |