LIQUIDS-SOLUTIONS.

33

Aqua Creosoti. I p. c. Creosote. Antiseptic. Stimulant externally. Local nerve paralyzant. Dose 3.69-15 C.c. (1 to 4 fl. dr.).

Aqua Destillata. 800 parts from 1000 of Water. Used for preparing the official diluted acids, for absorbing gaseous ammonia, for preparing nearly all the official aqueous solutions, and for compounding prescriptions. Aqua Fœniculi. Vehicle.

Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide). 3 p.c. by weight of pure Hydrogen Dioxide. Oxidizer, deodorant, disinfectant. Coagulates the albumin of tissues. Also used in the arts for bleaching

purposes.

Aqua Mentha Piperitæ, Aqua Mentha Viridis, and Aqua Rosæ (Stronger Rose Water and distilled Water, of each one volume). Are useful vehicles.

Aqua Rosæ (Rose Water). Prepared by mixing equal volumes of Triple Rose Water and Distilled Water. Vehicle.

Aqua Rosa Fortior (Triple Rose Water). Water saturated with the volatile oil of rose petals, obtained as a by-product in the distillation of oil of rose.

LIQUORES-SOLUTIONS.

LIQUOR.-An aqueous solution of a chemical substance. Liquors are divided into two classes, according to the method of preparation, viz., Simple solutions and solutions prepared by chemical decomposition.

SIMPLE SOLUTIONS.

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. Contains I p. c. of Arsenic by weight, and 5 p. c. diluted Hydrochloric Acid by volume. Medical properties same as Fowler's Solution. Dose 0.12-0.5 C. c. (2 to 8 minims).

Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Solution of Arsenic and Mercuric Iodide), (Donovan's Solution). Contains I p. c. of each of the active ingredients. Alterative. Dose 0.3-0.6 C. c. (5 to 10 drops).

A

Liquor Calcis (Solution of Calcium Hydrate, Lime Water). saturated solution. Antacid, tonic and astringent. Dose 60-118 C.c. (2 to 4 fl. oz.).

Liquor Iodi Compositus (Lugol's Solution). Contains 5 p.c. Iodine, 10 p. c. Potassium Iodide. Dose 0.3 C.c. (5 minims), containing about 14 gr. Iodine.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (Lead Water). Contains 3 p.c. of the stronger lead water. Astringent and sedative externally.

Liquor Potassæ (2d formula.) [Solution of Potassium Hydrate]. Contains about 5 p. c. of the Hydrate. Antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. Externally used as a stimulant and escharotic. Dose 0.6-1.9 p. c. (10 to 30 minims). It may be increased to 2 fl. dr. doses.

Liquor Soda (2d formula.) [Solution of Sodium Hydrate]. Contains 5.6 p.c. Soda. Sometimes called solution of Caustic Soda. erties same as Liquor Potassæ.

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. Contains I p.c. of Sodium Arsenate.

0.18-0.3 C.c. (3 to 5 minims).

Prop

Dose

Liquor Sodii Silicatis. (Nearly saturated.) This solution is used solely in the preparation of mechanical dressings for the surgeon.

CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS.

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Spirit of Mindererus). An aqueous sol tion of ammonium acetate containing about 7 p. c. of the salt togethe with small amounts of acetic and carbonic acids. Made by dissolving 5 Gm. of the Carbonate in 100 C. c. diluted Acetic Acid. Diaphoretic in fevers. Dose 7.5-22.5 C.c. (2 to 6 fl. dr.).

Liquor Ferri Acetatis.

An aqueous solution of Ferric Acetate, con

taining about 31 p. c. of the anhydrous salt, and corresponds with about 7.5 p. c. of metallic Iron. Chalybeate. Dose 0.12-0.6 C.c. (2 to 10 minims).

Liquor Ferri Chloridi. An aqueous solution of Ferric Chloride containing about 37.8 p. c. of the anhydrous salt, corresponding to 62.9 p. c. of the crystallized salt, or to about 13 p. c. of the metallic iron. Used in preparing Tincture of Ferric Chloride; also externally as a styptic to arrest hemorrhage and internally in doses of 0.12-0.6 C.c. (2 to 10 minims), as a chalybeate.

Liquor Ferri Citratis. An aqueous solution of Ferric Citrate corresponding to about 7.5 p. c. of metallic iron. Ferruginous tonic. Dose 0.6 C.c. (10 minims), equivalent to 0.33 Gm. (5 grs. of the salt).

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Basham's Mixture). Contains in each thousand C.c. Tr. Ferri. Chlor. 20 C. c., Acid Acetic Dil. 30 C.c., Sol. Ammon. Acet. 200 C. c., Aromat. Elix. 100 C. c., Glycerin 120 C.c., Water q. s. To the Sol. Ammon. Acet. (which should not be alkaline, add, successively, the Acid, Tr., Elixir, and Glycerin, and then enough Water to make 1000 C.c.). Actively chalybeate, also astringent, and very largely used in Bright's disease. Dose 15-30 C.c. (1⁄2 to I fl. oz.). Liquor Ferri Nitratis. An aqueous solution of Ferric Nitrate, containing about 6.2 p. c. of the anhydrous salt, and corresponding to about 1.4 p. c. of metallic iron. Tonic and astringent in diarrhoea, etc. In doses of 0.6 C. c. (10 drops), also when diluted as an injection in leucorrhoea, etc.

Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate. Monsel's Solution). An aqueous solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate, of variable composition, corresponding to about 13.6 metallic iron. Styptic to bleeding surfaces; used internally in hemorrhage of stomach and bowels. Dose 0.18-0.36 C. c. (3 to 6 minims).

Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. An aqueous solution of normal Ferric Sulphate containing about 28.7 p. c. of the salt, corresponding to about 8 p. c. of metallic Iron. Used for preparing other Iron preparations in which the Ferric Hydrate is wanted, as in the preparation of the antidote for Arsenic.

Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. A liquid containing about 60 p. c. of Mercuric Nitrate. Caustic application to chancre, etc.

Liquor Magnesii Citratis. Made by dissolving 15 Gm. Citric Acid in 120 C.c. of Water and adding 15 Gm. Magnesium Carbonate; dissolving; filtering into a bottle holding 360 C.c. (containing 120 C.c. Syrup of Citric Acid), adding enough Water to nearly fill the bottle, dropping in 2.5 Gm. Potassium Bicarbonate; corking, and securing the cork with twine.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Sometimes called Goulard's Extract. An aqueous liquid, containing about 25 p. c. of Lead Subacetate. Used externally as a sedative in sprains, etc., when dilute, from 1⁄2 or I part to 16 parts distilled water.

Liquor Potassæ. (Ist formula.) Made by double decomposition be. tween Slaked Lime and Potassium Carbonate.

Liquor Potassii Arsenitis (Fowler's Solution). A scientific substitute for Tasteless Ague Drop. Contains I p. c. Arsenic. It is a Potassium Arsenite (dissolved in water) and is formed by the combination of Arsenous acid with Potassium of the Potassium Bicarbonate (Carbon Dioxide being evolved). Compound Spirit of Lavender is added to give it taste, and prevent its being mistaken for water. 100 minims equal about Igr. Arsenic. Average dose 0.3 C. c. (5 drops). Liquor Potassæ Citratis (Mistura Potassii Citratis). liquid, containing in solution about 9 p. c. of anhydrous Potassium citrate, together with small amounts of citric and carbonic acids. Made by dissolving separately Potass. Bicarb., and Citric Acid, and afterward mixing the solution under the names neutral mixture, saline mixture, or effervescing draught; long used as a refrigerant diaphoretic. Dose, 15 C.c. (1⁄2 fl. oz.) Liquor Soda. (Ist formula.) Made by double decomposition between Slaked Lime and Sodium Carbonate.

An aqueous

Liquor Soda Chloratæ (Labarraque's Solution). An aqueous solution of several Chlorine compounds of Sodium, containing at least 2.6 p. c. by weight of available Chlorine. Stimulant, antiseptic, and resolvDose from 30 drops to a teaspoonful, well diluted. Also use locally for fetor, etc. A powerful disinfectant.

ent.

Liquor Zinci Chloridi. An aqueous solution of Zinc Chloride containing about 50 p. c. by weight of salt. A substitute for Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid. Used locally to disinfect fetid discharges; also employed for preserving anatomical specimens.

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SWEET OR VISCID
SUBSTANCES.
SYRUPI-SYRUPS.

What is a Syrup? A dense saccharine solution, generally medicated or flavored.

What is Sugar? Sugar is in white, dry, hard, distinctly crystalline granules, permanent in the air, odorless, having a purely sweet taste, and a neutral reaction. Commercially known as "granulated sugar. There are thirty-two official Syrups, which may be classed, according to method of preparation, as follows:—

SYRUPS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO Method of PREPARATION.
Title.

HOT PROCESS.

Syrupus

Active Constituents.

Acidi Hydriodici, . HI, 1 %.

Properties and Dose.

Alterative, 1.25-2.5 C.c. (20 to 40 m).

Antacid, 1.25 C.c. (20 M) = I fl. oz. Lime Water. Expectorant, 3.7-7.5 C.c. (1 to 2 fl. dr.).

SYRUPS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO METHOD OF PREPARATION.-Continued.

DR. GEORGE LEE EATON

323 GEARY ST.
LIQUIDS EM

SAN FRANCISCO.

MELLITA-HONEYS.

37

What are Mellita or Honeys? Thick liquid preparations closely allied to syrups, differing merely in the use of honey as a base instead of syrup.

There are three official honeys :

1. Mel: Commercial Honey. A saccharine secretion deposited in the honeycomb by Apis Mellifica. 2. Mel Despumatum; Clarified Honey. Commercial honey clarified by heating and straining. 3. Mel Rosa-12 Gm. Fld. Ext. Rose; Clar. Honey to 100 Gm.

MUCILAGINES-MUCILAGES.

What are Mucilagines or Mucilages? Thick, viscid, adhesive liquids, produced by dissolving gum in water, or by extracting with water the mucilaginous principles from vegetable substances.

1. WITHOUT HEAT. (2). Mucilago Acacia—34 p. c. Sassafras Medulla-2 p. c. Sas. Pith.

2. WITH HEAT.—(2). Mucilago Tragacanthæ-6 p. c. Glycerin). Ulmi-6. p. c. Boiling Water.

EMULSA, OR EMULSIONES-EMULSIONS.

(18 p. c.

What is an Emulsion? A soft, liquid preparation resembling milk, and consisting of an oily or resinous substance suspended in water by means of gum or mucilage.

Emulsions may be divided into three classes: Natural Emulsions, GumResin and Seed Emulsions, and Oil or Artificial Emulsions.

1. NATURAL EMULSIONS. Those that exist ready formed in nature. Examples: milk, egg yolk, various plant juices, etc.

2. GUM-RESIN AND SEED EMULSIONS. The emulsions that result when asafetida, ammoniac, myrrh, etc., are triturated with water. The resinous and oily substances present are suspended in the water by the gummy matter present.

3. OIL OR ARTIFICIAL EMULSIONS. Two general methods for their preparation :

I

I. Continental Method. Make a nucleus by triturating together oil 2 parts; powdered (granulated) acacia, I part; water 11⁄2 parts by weight. When the oil is easy to emulsify the amount of acacia to oil may be reduced to 1-4. Directions: (1) Stir the oil with the gum in a dry mortar. Add the water immediately, all at once, and stir rapidly until a thick, creamy emulsion results, which is then diluted as desired; or (2) triturate the acacia with the water, add the oil at once, triturate to make nucleus; or (3) shake the oil and water together in a flask, and pour the mixture over the gum previously placed in a mortar, and triturate rapidly.

2. English Method. Make a thick mucilage of gum and water in a mortar, and to it add gradually and alternately the oil and water until the emulsion is completed.

Other emulsifying agents than acacia may be employed, such as tragacanth, yolk of egg, Irish moss, quillaja bark, extract of malt, casein, pancreatin, and gelatin. There are four official emulsions :

Emulsum Ammoniaci (Emulsion of Ammoniac), [Mistura Ammoniaci, U. S., 1880]. Ammoniac, 4 p. c. Expectorant. Dose 15-30 C. c. (3iv to 3j).