Emulsum Asafoetida (Emulsion of Asafetida). Asafetida, 4 p. c. Antispasmodic. Dose 15-30 C.c. (ziv to 3j). On triturating such fruits as the almond, etc., with water, an emulsion is obtained in which the oily matter present is suspended (emulsified) by means of the albuminous or gummy matter. Under this head is classed: Emulsum Amygdala (Emulsion of Almond), [Mistura Amygdala, U. S., 1880. Milk of Almond]. Sweet Almond, 60 Gm.; Acacia, 10 Gm. ; Sugar, 30 Gm.; Water, q. s. to make 1000 C. c. Demulcent. Dose 60200 C.c. (ij to 3 vj). Emulsum Chloroformi (Emulsion of Chloroform), [Mistura Chloroformi, U. S. P., 1880]. Chloroform, 40 C. c.; Exp. Ol. Almond, 60 C.c.; Tragacanth, powd., 15 Gm.; Water, q. s. to make 1000 C. c. Anodyne. Dose 15-20 C.c. (ziv to 3 v). MISTURE-MIXTURES. What are Misturæ, or Mixtures? Aqueous liquid preparations intended for internal use, which contain suspended insoluble substances. The term mixture is used rather indiscriminately. There are four official mixtures, as follows: : What are Glyceritæ, or Glycerites? Mixtures or solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. LIQUIDS-SPIRITS. 39 39 There are six official glycerites, as follows: Title. GLYCERITUM. Glyceritum Amyli. Glyceritum Acidi Car- Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. (Glycerite of Tannic Acid), Glyceritum Boroglycerini. (Glycerite of Boroglycerin), Glyceritum Hydrastis. (Glycerite of Hydrastis), . Glyceritum Vitelli. (Glycerite of Yolk of Egg) [Glyconin], . Excipient. Starch and Water, of each 10 Emollient, base, and Carbolic Acid, 20 Gm.; Gly- Diluted as a wash. Tannic Acid, 20 Gm.; Gly- Local application, ascerin, 80 Gm. tringent. Boric Acid, 310 Gm.; Glycerin, Antiseptic. Hydrastis, Water (Alcohol). Egg Yolk, 45 Gm.; Glycerin, Local application. ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS. SPIRITUS-SPIRITS. What are Spiritus, or Spirits? Alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. They may be classified according to the method of preparation, as follows: 1. Solution in Alcohol: (a) simple solution; (b) with maceration. 2. Chemical Reaction and Solution. 3. Distillation. There are twenty-five official spirits. 1. Spirits Prepared by Solution in Alcohol. This class of spirits are prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in Alcohol. Maceration is also ordered for preparing Spirits Limonis, Mentha Piperitæ, and Menthæ Viridis. Those made from volatile oils are frequently called essences. *Some pharmacopoeias recognize this under the title of Liquor Ammonii Caustici Spirituosus. SPIRITS PREPARED BY SOLUTION IN ALCOHOL.--Continued. Title. Constituents. Oil, 5% vol. Properties and Dose. SPIRITUS. Flavor. Aurantii Compositus, Oil, Orange, 20% vol.; Oil, Flavor. Lemon, 5% vol.; Oil, Cori- Chloroform, 6% vol. Camphora, Chloroformi, Cinnamomi, Oil, 10 % vol. 2. Spirits Prepared by Chemical Action and Solution. The only one in the U. S. P. belonging to this class is Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi. In its preparation ethyl nitrite is produced by the reaction between nitrous acid (derived from sodium nitrite) and alcohol; and this is preserved by solution in alcohol. Spts. æth. nit. should contain 4 p. c. ethyl nitrite. Diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, 1.9-3.75 C.c. (3 ss−3 j). 3. Spirits Prepared by Distillation. -Besides the two mentioned below as belonging to this Class several of class I may be prepared by distillation with advantage. What are Elixiria, or Elixirs? Elixirs are aromatic, sweetened, spirituous preparations, containing small quantities of active medicinal substances. There are two official elixirs : Elixir Aromaticum (Aromatic Elixir). Comp. Spts. Orange, 12 C.c. ; Syr., 375 C.c. (Prec. Calc. Phos., 15 Gm., for filtering); Deod. Alcohol, Dist. Water, of each q. s. to make 1000 C.c. Elixir Phosphori (Elixir of Phosphorus). Spts. Phos., 210 C.c.; Ol. Anise, 2 C.c.; Glycerin, 550 C. c.; Aromat. Elix., q. s. ft. 1000 C.c. ETHEREAL SOLUTIONS. COLLODIA-COLLODIONS. What are Collodia, or Collodions? Collodions are liquid prepara tions intended for external use, having for the base a solution of Pyroxylin, or gun-cotton, in a mixture of ether and alcohol. They leave a film on evaporation, which serves as a protection or an application of a medicinal ingredient to the skin. In the following description: P. = Pyroxylin ; Ether; A. E. Alcohol. There are four official collodions : Collodium (Collodion). 30 Gm. P.; 750 C.c. E.; 250 Cc. A.; de cant the clear collodion from the sediment. Collodium Cantharidatum (Cantharidal Collodion). 60 Gm. Canth.; 85 Gm. Flex. C.; chloroform, q. s. to exhaust Canth. and make 100 Gm.; after dist. should weigh 15 Gm.; decant the clear Canthar. Collod. from the sediment. Collodium Flexile (Flexible Collodion). 920 Gm. Col.; 50 Gm. Canada Turpentine; 30 Gm. Castor Oil. To make 1000 Gm. Collodium Stypticum (Styptic Collodion). 20 Gm. Tannic Acid; 5 C.c. A.; 25 C. c. E.; Col., q. s. ft. 100 C.c. OLEAGINOUS SOLUTIONS, FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATION. LINIMENTA-LINIMENTS, U. S. P. Title. LINIMENTUM (From Coblentz's Handbook of Pharmacy.) Ammoniæ (Ammo nia), (Volatile Liniment). Belladonnæ donna), (Bella Calcis (Carron Oil), Camphoræ (Camphor), Chloroformi (Chloroform), Saponis (Soap), . Saponis Mollis (Soft Base. Cotton Seed Oil. Fl'd Ext. Belladon na. Linseed Oil. Cotton Seed Oil. Diluted Alcohol. Mus Alcohol. Sinapis Compositum Constituents. Ammonia Water, 350 C.c.; Alcohol, Camphor, 200 Gm.; Cotton Seed Chloroform, 300 C.c.; Soap Lini- Soap (Powd), 70 Gm.; Camphor, Soft Soap, 650 Gm.; Oil Lavender Vol. Oil Mustard, 30 C.c.; Fl. Ext. OLEATA-OLEATES. What are Oleata, or Oleates? The official Oleates are liquid preparations, made by dissolving metallic salts, or alkaloids, in oleic acid. They are not assumed to be definite chemical compounds. There are three official oleates: Oleatum Hydrargyri (Oleate of Mercury). 200 Gm. Yel. Ox. Hg.; 800 Gm. Ol. Acid. Oleatum Veratrinæ (Oleate of Veratrum). 2 Gm. Veratrine; 98 Gm. Ol. Acid. Oleatum Zinci (Oleate of Zinc). Zn. Oxide 50 Gm.; Oleic Acid 950 Gm. AQUEOUS LIQUIDS MADE BY PERCOLATION OR INFUSA-INFUSIONS. What are Infusa, or Infusions? Infusions are liquid preparations, made by treating vegetable substances with either hot or cold water. They are not boiled, though boiling water is often employed. INFUSIONS-FOUR METHODS. I. PREPARED BY MACERATION.-General Formula, U. S P.—“ An ordinary infusion, the strength of which is not directed by the physician, nor specified by the Pharmacopoeia, shall be prepared by the following formula : "Take of THE SUBSTANCE, coarsely comminuted, fifty grammes, 50 Gm. BOILING WATER, 1000 cubic centimetres, 1000 C.c. To make 1000 cubic centimetres, . 1000 C. c. "Put the substance into a suitable vessel provided with a cover, pour upon it the Boiling Water, cover the vessel tightly, and let it stand for half an hour. Then strain, and pass enough water through the strainer to make the infusion measure 1000 cubic centimetres. “Caution.—The strength of infusions of energetic or powerful substances should be specially prescribed by the physician." Various styles of infusion jars, pitchers, and mugs are described in Remington's "Practice of Pharmacy.' Infusion Digitalis (Infusion of Digitalis). Dig., 15 Gm. ; Alcohol, 100 C.c.; Cin. Water, 150 C.c.; Boiling Water, 500 C.c.; Cold Water, q. s. ft. 1000 C. c. Infusum Senna Compositum. (Compound Infusion of Senna) (Black Draught). 60 Gm. Senna; 120 Gm. Manna; 120 Gm. Mag. Sulph.; 20 Gm. Fennel; Boiling W., 800 C.c.; Cold W., q. s. ft. 1000 C.c. 2. BY DIGESTION.-Let stand at a moderate heat below boiling. Very useful method, though it may not be directed in formula. 3. BY PERCOLATION.-Should be used whenever practicable. Infusum Cinchona (Infusion of Cinchona). 60 Gm. Cinch.; 10 C.c. Arom. Sulph. Acid; Water, q. s. ft. 1000 Č.c. 40 Gm. |