for luxuries which enervate and corrupt. Far be it from me to deny to any man or woman the enjoyment of anything which contributes to his or her peace and happiness. But the nation is in debt to the amount of about $2,120,415,370. What the nation owes the people owe, and what the people owe, each individual owes, for we are sureties for each other. Bondmen indeed? And who is so much a bondman as the

debtor?

There is no way to get out of debt but one, either for a nation or for individuals. A man cannot pay his debts by giving his note, nor can a nation pay its obligations by the issue of irredeemable paper. There is but one standard of value and that has been fixed by the common consent of the world, and by that standard must all debtors ultimately be judged. As no quack remedies can remove deep-seated disease, so no ingeniously devised financial schemes can point out any but one way to pay a nation's debts. Where a man has violated the laws of health and finds his system broken and his physical powers weakened, there is no medical specific which can save him. He must nurse his exhausted energies. He must economize his wasted strength. He must develop as best he can his physical powers. So it is with our country which has been called upon for profuse expenditures. It has within it elements of strength and the means to meet all obligations full and fairly if it will, but it must diminish its expenses. It must stop waste and develop all its resources. It must labor in earnest and economize in earnest.

If a farmer owes $1,000, the payment of which is secured by a mortgage, he can pay if he will, by his labor and out of his land. If he neglects his farm, if he and his sons and daughters are extravagant and wasteful, if family discord destroys the peace of home, if a reckless disposition characterizes his life, he will add to his obligations and will not pay his debt. So with the nation. The labor of the country and the great area of its territory upon which the whole national indebtedness is a lien, can sustain the credit of the government and pay its obligations. But if strife, discord and contention shall prevail among them, if passion and folly, instead of judgment and good sense shall control

them, if hatred rather than love of one another, and of their common country moves them, then their national honor will be imperiled. I see but one way to pay the national debt, and it is this: A union of people and of states, a hearty joining together of all sections in the common cause of developing all of our various resources, and sustaining all of our industrial pursuits, and being governed by prudence, retrenchment and economy, and granting equal protection to all classes of industrial citizens. Increase your earnings and diminish your expenses. Save when you can. Spend only when you must and let the world know and see that yours and the national debt will be paid. If the people are extravagant the government will be. The stream cannot rise higher than its source. The representative will not be any better than those he represents. Other people have sunk under the crushing weight of individual and general extravagance and folly. Let us take warning by their examples, and in doing so avoid their fate.

And now, my friends, a parting word. You have a noble occupation and great duties and responsibilities. You ought to strive to model your lives after the highest human standard. Shall I describe to you the model American farmer? The practical man will say the sketch is a fancy, and well enough in books and pictures, but too poetical and finedrawn for the corn field and meadow. Yet in every picture, however highly colored, we may find some features worthy of being copied and preserved. The model American farmer has his calling and appreciates the good and beautiful things by which he is surrounded. The snow-clad field of winter, the soft verdure of spring, the ripe wealth of summer and the glory of autumn are as dear to him as they are familiar. The noise of the running brooks and the dripping of the fertilizing rains are music to his ear. The whisperings of the great forest trees are sweet to him. His eyes are trained to note the changeful phases of the sky, and his mind is quick to interpret them. The hum of busy trade does not bewilder him, nor the glare of the distant city dazzle him- his heart is full of a comprehensive love of nature and he is content to work on with her in her own calm and deliberate method of working. He is honest, patient, industrious and

thrifty. Nature does not cheat him of his just rewards, nor does he shirk his share of duty in the universe. Every day imposes on him its daily labor; but he knows that every season will vary his work and so relieve and refresh him. The gifts which he received from nature's hand he is ready to mite out again with no niggard hand. He is cheerful, hospitable, kind-hearted. Friendly intercourse with his neighbors lightens his toil, takes from the sharpness of temporary adversity and adds to the pleasure of his prosperity. He has entire respect for his calling and for himself, and feels that he has full play in his occupation for brain and muscle and need not overwork either, although the mouths to be fed are too many and the process of nature too slow to admit of indolence and waste. The buildings which shelter his family and those which protect the cattle, who contrib ute to his support, are in good repair and cleanly without ostentation. He is kind in his treatment to the dumb beasts who are his submissive servants, nor does he begrudge a little fruit or grain to the birds of the air who help him in his warfare with insects and many of whom cheer his life with their songs. He opens his eyes to the sunny side of life and seeks not out its dark spots as an incentive to grumbling. If sickness or other misfortune befall a neigh bor he is ready with sympathy, with active aid to the extent of his ability, and in turn counts on his neighbor's help should he need it. He is patriotic, a firm friend of liberty, of order, of law. He glories in the grandeur and power of his country, and is content to contribute in his quiet life to the general good, by making himself and those around him good, honest, faithful men and women. He is religious, living always in the light of the Creator's beautiful works; his heart expands daily in thankfulness for the many pleasures which God has given him free of cost, and he shows his gratitude in his daily life. Contented, yet desirous of improving his condition, too proud of his independent lot to envy others who may be clothed in gaudier trappings, yet kind to every man and submissive before God; saving from a sense of duty and not from avarice, faithful and loving to his family, honest and frank in all his dealings, thankful that so few temptations surround him, yet watch

ful against evil, truckling to no man, yet scorning none, not given to grumbling at the weather, but greeting cheerfully alike the sunshine and the rain, earnest in his political duties, a lover of nature, a lover of mankind, and lover of God. Thus my friends you have my model of the American farmer.

HIGHLY BRED AMERICAN TROTTING STOCK. By RANDOLPH HUNTINGTON.

To the Farmers and Breeders of Wisconsin, Greeting: By invitation of your secretary and officers, I herewith present to you a paper upon the "Highly Bred American Trotting Stock," and "pedigrees," as looked at through my glasses. Truly your obedient servant,

RANDOLPH HUNTINGTON.

ROCHESTER, N. Y., February 1, 1883.

I have long felt that breeding in all domestic animal life should, with vegetable and floral existence, be classed under the head of science. And when I remember that I am writing from Rochester, Monroe county, New York state, and think of our great University of learning, with its special large halls, filled as a museum, unequaled in its comprehensiveness, representing the science world, by skeletons of all manner of animals, whose home was on the land, in the sea, or in the air, mounted as they were in Professor Henry A. Ward's renowned natural science establishments (adjacent to these stately university buildings), by old and experienced workmen from the most skilled establishments of the old world, who will tell you those bones for all time in their experience, and in the experiences of their preceptors, as far back as osteology and zoölogy became a science with man, were identically the same, representing in each structure its type, from the foundation of the world; and interested as I once was in the theorizing writings of Darwin, Huxley, and Tyndall, I am constrained to quote from the graduate, who, thinking to impart valuable information to his old father, informed him "that it was now an undisputed fact, according to Darwin, that man descended from the monkey." The old gentleman

(who was a sterling farmer) listened to his son with amazement for a few moments, then at last replied, "Well, my son, if your father was a monkey, mine warn't." Or, better still, I quote Talmage's reply to the theorizing evolutionists: "Their fathers may have been baboons, but his Father was God."

Speaking of Ward's Science Shops, we will also speak of the Professor himself; who as an enthusiastic student in sciences all his life, has traveled through and over every part of America and Europe in diligent research; extensively into Asia and Africa, through Egypt, Arabia, and Abyssinia, and unfrequented isles of the sea; and at last, with the honors of "A. M." resting upon his head, continued crossing and re-crossing the ocean yearly in the interests of osteology, zoology, mineralogy and geology; collecting, assorting and identifying, until Smithsonian Institute at Washington, D. C., Agassiz's Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Cambridge, Mass., the Yale College Museum, old Princeton of New Jersey, and the State National History Museum, the Cornell University, and indeed all the leading institutions of learning throughout our land and other lands, even to Japan, put these same scientific establishments with Professor Ward himself, under contribution; while objects of minor importance, yet interesting in their history or associations, are prepared and set up in these same science buildings, interesting and informing the young and the old of to-day, and in days to come, in every city in the country. Even your own beautiful city of Madison can testify of these establishments as it looks with historic pride and pleasure upon the skeleton of the triumphant war horse which bore the conqueror, Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, during the greatest civil strife a century has witnessed. Yes, "Tecumseh's" skeleton, that stands so imposingly in the museum of the University of Wisconsin, at Madison, was mounted here. Then in the Smithsonian Institute, at Washington, side by side upon the same pedestal, stand the skeletons of the great race horse progenitor "Lexington," and old "Henry Clay," the only positively reproducing type of the famous " American Trotting Horse," both being prepared and mounted here.