1. Politeness of the mind is to have gentle thoughts. -LA ROCHEFOUCAULD.

2. Manners are the happy way of doing things. If they are superficial, so are the dewdrops, which give such depth to the morning meadow.-EMERSON.

3. Manners easily and rapidly mature into morals. -HORACE MANN.

4. True politeness is real kindness kindly expressed. -GEORGE L. CAREY.

5. Good manners are made up of innumerable petty sacrifices.-EMERSON.

6. A man's own good breeding is his best security against other people's ill manners.-CHESTERFIELD. 7. One spring wind unbinds the mountain snow, And comforts violets in their heritage.

-BROWNING.

8. Evil manners soil a fine dress more than mud.PLAUTUS.

9. Manners must adorn knowledge, and smooth its way through the world.-CHESTERFIELD.

10. Hans Anderson's story of the cobweb cloth woven so fine that it was invisible, woven for the king's garment, must mean manners, which do really clothe a princely nature.-EMERSON.

II. Good manners include tact, courtesy, and etiquette; but both in time and importance, tact comes first, courtesy second, and etiquette last, and is least of all.-LYMAN ABBOTT.

12. Life is not so short but that there is always time enough for Courtesy.-EMERSON.

13. The gentle minde by gentle deeds is knowne. For a man by nothing is so well bewrayed

As by his manners.

-EDMUND SPENSER. 14. Good breeding is religion, done in terms of every day life. It is an instinct wrapped up in the very tissues of our being.-C. H. HENDERSON.

15. Manners take one far on in the world. They cannot be bought. They cannot be learned as from a book; they cannot pass from tip to tip; they come from within, and from a within that is grounded in truth, honor, delicacy, kindness and consideration.T. T. MUNGER.

16. How sweet and gracious even in common speech
Is that fine sense which men call courtesy!
Wholesome as air and genial as the light.
Welcome in every clime as breath of flowers-
It transmutes aliens into trusting friends,
And gives its owner passports round the globe.
-JAMES T. FIELDS.

INTRODUCTION:

A young man who had left home to enter business, and who had only a single acquaintance in the town where he was newly employed, was arrested upon the charge of stealing a pocketbook containing $1000 from the desk of a man whom he had called upon in a business way the previous day. He was in a desperate plight, for circumstances were strongly against him. The man stated that he had the pocketbook just a few minutes before the young man came in, and upon looking for it immediately afterward, it was gone, and nobody else had been in the room. The young man's only hope was in the establishment of a previous good character, and he had no one to whom he could at the moment apply. His employer was a suspicious man, and the boy did not like to face him until he had been exonerated; but how to untangle himself from the web which had been wound about him he did not know. Not knowing what to do he sent for his single acquaintance, and told him of his predicament and the circum

stances of the whole affair, and said, "Of course, you have only my word that I did not take the pocketbook, but it is the truth." His acquaintance looked at him critically for a few minutes, and then said, "No, I don't believe you did take it, and I am going to stand by you in this, and see that you are cleared." The new acquaintance immediately gave bail, and told him to go back to work and say nothing. Then he sent to the home of the boy, and arranged to have some influential men of the place come on at his own expense to testify to the character of his friend, and upon the day of trial, secured his honorable discharge. When asked why he did all this he replied, "Why, I am your friend." This was his idea of the meaning of a friend.

Develop the word, Comradeship. DEFINITION:

Comradeship is the relation of intimacy with companions to whom we give friendliness and loyal support.

1. While we should be courteous to all, we cannot have the same feeling and liking for all; and intimacies are formed with those who are especially congenial and companionable to us. This is called Friendship.

2. True friendship is not necessarily the outgrowth of family ties or relationship; it is based upon liking, in which similarity of tastes and interests makes pleasant company; but there must be respect and admiration added to this liking. We want for our friend one who is honest and brave, one in whose honor and kindness we can trust.

3. Friendship involves certain duties. See to it that you deserve the liking and respect of your friend. "Who wrongs another clouds his own sun." We must be loyal and stand up for him against evil report. We should look out for his interests, and look out for him in every proper way. A true friend will rejoice in our success, and will sorrow over our defeats, as though they were his

own.

4. Friendship also demands a forgiving spirit. When one considers for a moment his own weaknesses and shortcomings, he cannot long withhold forgiveness to others. Roscommon says: "The string of a violin may jar in the best master's hand, and the most skilful archer may sometimes miss his aim. I would not quarrel with slight mistakes."

5. Forgiveness is a noble quality, but difficult of attainment, but it is one of the brightest jewels in the crown of character. Forgiveness is pardon, or the overlooking of injuries. Forbearance is the power of restraining our passions when provoked. Forgiveness is a matter of thought; forbearance is a matter of deed. Forgiveness considers what is done to us, and forbearance what we do to others.

6. True friendship aims to be of service, and assists in every honorable way; but one must not say or do for him what will dishonor oneself. It was once said of a prominent business man, as the highest form of praise, that he would not do a dishonorable thing even to oblige a friend. Emerson says: "A friend is the hope of the heart;" but Trumbull says: "It is good to have a friend, but it is better to be one." Thomas Hughes says: "Blessed is the man who has the gift of making friends, for it is one of God's best gifts."

7. Dr. Starr Jordan relates that when an undergraduate at Cornell, there was formed a circle of about forty boys who met at stated times to tell one another what they had seen and what they had tried to see, not for the purpose of getting their lessons or helping their standing at college, but for mutually assisting one another to increase their knowledge.

8. The policy of the Republic is to be friendly

with the entire world, and it asks that ties of friendship be woven between the individuals of every nation.

ELUCIDATION AND TRAINING:

1. True comradeship does not easily take offence, but makes allowances for the motives which actuate others. The workings of comradeship in its search for motives induces one to accept the will for the deed, and scorns to look a "gift horse in the mouth," and mends the fault instead of finding one.

2. Every one is susceptible to anger; but inculcate that comradeship does not nurse wrath, but dismisses it promptly, and allows a better frame of mind to prevail. Hence show that in true comradeship, resentment, revenge and retaliation are impossible.

3. Comradeship is ever loyal and true to the core. It regards the betrayal of a friend or a cause with unmistakable disgust; and it is armed so strong in honesty that it never

"Casts between Ambiguous words and jealousies, to sound Or taint integrity."

(PARADISE LOST, Book V.) Comradeship rests upon being charitable, forgiving and generous.

4. Duty of Forgiveness. Forgiveness should be free, spontaneous, and promptly immediate, when it heaps coals of fire upon the head of the offender, by begetting a sense of shame and remorse that ultimately does more good than revenge in any form. A forgiving spirit will even afford a golden bridge" for an opponent to retract or retreat from his wrongful position. Forgiveness is "a rod with which the noble-minded chastise." All must remember that "to err is human; to forgive, divine." If we would but remember how short a time we sojourn upon this pleasant earth, how quickly would we clear up the misunderstandings we have with our friends. Let not another day pass before you sacrifice your foolish pride and silly spite, and say, "I have been in the wrong. Let us forget and be friends."

5. True Forgiveness. Inculcate that "A kiss for a blow" is the true spirit in which to take an injury, and that though "a worm will turn,' "it does not inflict injury for injury; while to live at "daggers drawn" is a life of unbearable tension. The practice of forgiveness is the "prerogative of great minds." Show what a good effect it has upon the characters of those who practice it. Explain and enforce the beautiful simile of Jean Paul Richter, "When thou forgivest, the man who has pierced thy heart stands to thee in the relation of the sea-worm that perforates the shell of the mussel, which straightway closes the wound with a pearl." Such a pearl was that with which Lycurgus closed the injury he had received at the hands of the Spartan youth, Alcander, who in a tumult had struck out an eye of the great Spartan law-giver; the sufferer took Alcander home and treated him with the greatest kindness.

6. Choice of Friends. Companions who have had superior advantages can be of great help in teaching us what by ourselves we might never learn. Choose the best, and strive mightily to be worthy of thei friendship; but do not condemn upon the first ex

hibition of unworthy qualities. Reject friendship only for a sufficient cause.

7. Duty of Truthfulness to Friends. We owe it to friends to keep them from bad habits and evil ways by a word in season; but it should never degenerate into unpleasant truths which are uncalled for. (The utmost tact must be used if we are not to fall under the category of a "candid" friend.) True friendship demands that we call attention to what we know to be wrong, and not to tolerate, because of our regard, the mistakes and follies that our friend commits. A friend is one's "other self," and through each other, we should correct our own faults, and "see ourselves as others see us." The true friend supplies this need, and tells us of anything which may damage us in the sight of others. Listening to his candid words, we shall see, as in a mirror, some part of ourselves as it is viewed by our neighbors, and we then are in a position to remedy any faults we may discover. Hence argue that flattery is a positive wrong to a friend, for it is an attempt to lift him on to a platform from which he must eventually have an ugly fall.

8. Duty of Unselfish Service. To our friend we owe not only loyalty but helpfulness, and in his need should give every assistance. The greatest selfsacrifice is a poor reward for what friendship gives

to us.

9. Thoughtfulness toward Younger Companions. We hardly realize how much of helpfulness is given to those younger than ourselves by consideration and help shown them in their sports and in their study.

Io. Practice. Let all think that to have a friend, one must be a friend, and see to it that he does friendly acts. EXAMPLES:

Josiah G. Holland,

Oliver Wendell Holmes,
Washington Irving,
Samuel L. Clemens,

Henry T. Tuckerman,

Edward R. Sill,
Thomas G. Appleton,
Frederick W. Gunn,
Henry Van Dyke.

APPLICATION:

Dr. Holmes was essentially a personal friend to all who knew him, a helper to all who wished his aid; and in spoken friendship and active service he was the essence of comradeship. The keynote of personal friendship underlies very many of his poems. His idea of comradeship involves necessity for cheerfulness. This so overflowed his life and writings that he has become the exponent of helpful congeniality. Mark Twain's geniality makes him the honored guest at every literary gathering. E. R. Sill endeared himself to everybody by a winning companionableness, which led every one to believe that he was the particularly "beloved disciple," who was alone received into his inmost affections. J. G. Holland was the helpful friend of all young writers. Irving said of himself: "If I can rub out a wrinkle from the brow of care ... I shall not have lived in vain." Tuckerman, the artist, was greatly beloved for his genial good fellowship and the generous loyalty of his friendship. "Tom" Appleton, as he was affectionately called, was an

Edw. R. Sill.

indispensable factor in the circle of which Longfellow, Holmes, and Wendell Phillips were brilliant lights. Holmes thus described the way he influenced Boston: "It is a living principle in this Boston air which we breathe, in the bright salon, under the elms of the Common, amid the flowers of the Public Garden, the silent library, the memory haunted picture gallery. Who was there among us he did not know? Who that knew Boston on its higher lines did not know him? There was no one like him." Dr. Gunn, the famous educator, made companions of his boys. His system of discipline was: "A boy must learn to know right, to love it, to dare to defend it. If you would get into a boy's heart you must get the boy's heart into you."

9. Teach me, O Saädi, how to make

IO.

My life as beautiful as thine-
Like thee, to live for others' sake,
And share with all, my oil and wine!
Teach me, in lavish alms, like thee,
My heart to spend!

Nay! Nay No virtue is in Me,-
I had a Friend.

-JAMES T. WHITE.
Friend is a word of royal tone.
Friend is a poem all alone.

-From the PERSIAN.

11. The only rose without thorns is friendship.MLLE. DE SCUDERI.

12. Friendship renders prosperity more brilliant, while it lightens adversity by sharing it, and making its burden common.-CICERO.

13. It is a good thing to be rich, it is a good thing to be strong, but it is a better thing to be beloved of many friends.-EURIPIDES.

14. Ah! friendship, stronger in thy might

Than time and space, as faith than sight! Rich festival, with thy red wine, My friend and I will keep in courts divine. -HELEN HUNT JACKSON. 15. And yet, dear heart, remembering thee, Am I not richer than of old? What change can reach the wealth I hold? What chance can mar the pearl and gold Thy love hath left in trust with me?

-WHITTIER.

16. He needs no other rosary, whose thread of life is strong with the beads of love and thought.-From the PERSIAN.

17. Happiness quite unshared can scarcely be called happiness; it has no taste.-CHARLOTTE BRONTÉ. 18. Through the wide world he only is alone who lives not for another.-UNIDENTIFIED.

19. Brotherhood is a fact not needing to be built up, but recognized.-IDA HULTEN.

20. Let all the world his good name rend; Mistrust the world, but not thy friend. -UNIDENTIFIED.

21. In any trouble and misunderstandings which you may experience as arising from your relations with others, do not forget the friendly board of arbitration.-Love, Sincerity, Truth.-UNIDENTIFIED.

22. A friend should bear his friend's infirmities.SHAKESPEARE.

23. Affection should not bind the soul, but enfranchise it;

They should be to it wings by which to mount. A friend comes as an ambassador from the heavens.

--UNIDENTIFIED.

24. Hush, I pray you! What if that friend happen to be God!-ROBERT BROWNING.

25. Make him your friend who is best in virtue.CONFUCIUS.

26. Not frequent speech, nor even length of years Is it, on which heart's friendliness depends,

Oliver Frandell Holmes

Nor ties of blood. A smile ofttimes endears,
A pressure of the hand-and we are friends.
-J. T. W.

27. The greatest of all good gifts is a sincere friend that wil remonstrate with you, pointing out your faults that need amendment.-UNIDENTIFIED.

28. A man, sir, shall keep his friendship in constant repair.-UNIDENTIFIED.

29. He who has a thousand friends has not a friend to spare;

And he who has one enemy shall meet him everywhere.

-ALI BEN ABOU TALES.

In "Golden Windows," Mrs. Laura E. Richards tells a beautiful story of some children who were sent to reap in a wheat field. Some worked industriously, some indifferently, but there was one child who did not seem to work at all, but ran here and there after butterflies that fluttered about him. He sang joyously as he ran; and he laughed, and made all the others laugh with him, so that everybody about him worked better and faster.

At evening the Angel of the wheat field called the children to the gate of the palace, which none could enter unless bearing a proper measure of sheaves. Some brought many sheaves, others few: but the child who ran to and fro after the butterflies came empty-handed. The Angel said to the child, "Where are your sheaves?" The child hung his head and said, "I do not know; I had some, but I lost them-I know not how." "None enter here without sheaves," said the Angel. "I know that," said the child, "but I thought I would like to see the place where the others are going; besides, they insisted that I should come with them." Then all the children interceded. One said, "Dear Angel, let him in. In the morning I was sick, and this child came and played with me and showed me the butterflies, and was so merry and cheerful I forgot my pain. He helped me gather my sheaves, and also gave me some of his, and I would give them to him again, but I cannot tell them now from my own." Another said, "When the sun beat upon my head so fiercely that I fainted, this child came running by, and when he saw me he brought water to revive me, and he showed me the butterflies, and was so happy and cheery that my strength returned to me; also, he gave me some of his sheaves, and I would give them to him again, but they are so like my own that I cannot tell them." A third said, "Just now, as evening was coming, I was weary and sad; I had so few sheaves that it seemed hardly worth while to go on working, but this child showed me the butterflies, and comforted me with his merry laughter and cheery talk and gave me all of his own sheaves. Look, it may be that these are his, and yet I cannot tell, they are so like my own." And the other children said, "He helped us also, and gave all of us some of his sheaves. Dear Angel, let him in, we pray you, for we love him."

The Angel smiled, and reached his hand inside the gate and brought out a pile of sheaves. It was not large, but the glory of the sun was on it, so that it seemed to lighten the whole field. "Here are his sheaves," said the Angel; "they are known

and counted, every one." And he said to the child "Lead the way in."

Show that a genial, happy disposition warms every heart like sunshine. Develop the word Amiability. DEFINITION:

Amiability is being agreeable and cheerful under all circumstances.

INTERPRETATION:

1. Amiability is the crown of character, for it makes visible the royalty of its possessor, and leads all to do him reverence.

2. Amiability is more than mere sweetness of temper; it is thoughtfulness of other's comfort and pleasure; it is the unconscious desire to give happiness-born of happiness.

3. It is not enough to have moods of geniality, one must have the habit of "love ways," and must give constant expression to the feeling. We need more than the simple knowledge that we are beloved; we need to have it spoken, and repeated again and again.

4. The habit of amiability is encouraged by trying not to see the annoying circumstances about us, and by putting away the irritations at the moment of their appearance.

5. Amiability leads to cheerfulness, which is life's master-key that unlocks all hearts. Sunnyhearted, bright-faced people attract sunny conditions. The human heart, like plants and flowers, turns instinctively to the sun, and will seek you, if you are sunny and cheerful. Every one wants a part of your joy.

6. The best furnishings of a house are happy faces; the best seasoning of daily bread is a smile; the best music to soothe weariness is laughter.

7. Look for beauty in all you see, and embody beauty in all you do, and it will add much to sweetness of disposition. James T. Fields says that life is very much like a mirror; if you smile upon it, it will smile back again on you. Read a beautiful poem every morning and it will tune your mind to serenity and cheerfulness and happiness, and will prevent it from being disturbed or ruffled by petty annoyances, or the discontent of commonplace surroundings. Some people, when they dress in the morning, forget to put on their smile.

8. Anger is an emotional reaction against injury and is in proportion to the fancied personal hurt, and not to the fault. Anger is often senseless, childish, and ridiculous. It leads some to even strike the inanimate object that caused the hurt, as though it consciously did the injury. Hatred is anger become chronic.

9. There are some persons who continually