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knowledge due chiefly to the fact that it is not served to him? That which he gets is too often a one-sided view from partisan sources; and when it comes from the ablest and fairest writers, it requires too much study, and too much previous information, to be generally appreciated.

The attempt in this book, therefore, is to gather up and convey to the general reader, busy with every-day affairs, a considerable measure of that deeper economic and political knowledge which is usually confined to men of special education or experience. Both sides of a question are presented, but only so far as the truth seems to demand, not with effort to say as much for one side as for the other. For the views presented, it is hoped that the reasons given will be sufficient evidence of soundness. The object is to enable the reader to understand so easily and clearly that he will not rely blindly on platforms and speakers.

The authorities mainly followed, it will be seen from the foot-notes, are men of established leadership, who have written within close view of American conditions as they exist to-day. The list of books cited is given to avoid printing full titles in the notes. Most of the sta

tistics are taken from government reports, and current facts from the reliable periodicals cited. Some additional facts for Part I. are inserted on its closing page, and a few similar additions will be noticed near the close of Part II. The matter was chiefly written last fall and winter, and proofs of the pages in type have been finally revised during the last two months. GEORGE L. BOLEN.

JACKSON, MICH., June 2, 1902.

LIST OF BOOKS CITED.

(The date given is the year in which the book came from the author.) Adams, Henry C. Public Debts. 1887. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Bowen, Francis. American Political Economy. 1870. New York:

Charles Scribner's Sons.

Bullock, Charles J. Introduction to the Study of Economics. 1897. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co.

Clark, J. B. The Control of Trusts. 1901. New York: The Macmillan Co. Coler, Bird S. Municipal Government. 1900. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Collier, William M. The Trusts. 1900. New York: Baker & Taylor Co. Dabney, W. D. Public Regulation of Railways. 1889. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

Ely, Richard T.

Hadley, Arthur T.

Hadley, Arthur T.

Monopolies and Trusts. 1900. The Macmillan Co. Economics. 1896. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, Railroad Transportation. 1885. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Ingram, J. K. Article on Political Economy, Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol. XIX. 1885. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Jenks, Jeremiah W. The Trust Problem.

Phillips & Co..

1900. New York: McClure,

Levasseur, E. The American Workingman. 1900. The Johns Hopkins Press. Nettleton, A. B. Trusts or Competition. 1900. Chicago: Leon Pub. Co. Newcomb, H. T. Railway Economics. 1898. Philadelphia: Railway

World Publishing Co.

Patten, S. N. The Economic Basis of Protection. 1890. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.

Political Science Quarterly. Boston and New York: Ginn & Co.

Roberts, Ellis H. Government Revenue. 1884. Boston: Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.

Rogers, J. E. Thorold.
Vol. IX. 1878.
Shearman, Thomas G.
Article on Free Trade, Encyclopedia of Social
Reforms. 1898. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.
Spahr, Charles B. America's Working People. 1900.
Longmans, Green & Co.

_Article on Free Trade, Encyclopedia Britannica,
Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

New York:

Stebbins, Giles B. American Protectionist's Manual. 1883. Chicago:

C. H. Kerr & Co.

Sumner, William G. History of Protection in the United States. 1876. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

Von Halle, Ernest. Trusts. 1895. New York: The Macmillan Co. Wright, Carroll D. Industrial Evolution of the United States. 1895. Flood & Vincent.

Meadville, Pa.:

PART I.

THE PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE TRUSTS.

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