increased the extent of our territory, it gave us free navigation of the Mississippi river, it gave us fertile valleys and a great agricultural region, prevented any foreign powers from claiming it. It is bounded on the north by forty-ninth parallel, on the east by the Mississippi river, on south by Gulf of Mexico and New Mexico, on the west by the Rocky mountains.

6. The blockade in the civil war prevented the the south carrying on commerce or receiving aid from abroad. The opening of the Mississippi cut the Confederacy in two parts, captured the largest cotton market, and prevented them from shipping cotton abroad. Sherman's march to the sea cut the eastern Confederacy in two parts, destroyed the city where the supplies were kept and made it easy to capture the southern capital. 7. The two causes of the Spanish-American war are: The Spanish were trying to establish a monarchy in Cuba and were oppressing the Cubans, and the Spaniards blew up the battleship Maine. The two results were: Spain ceded Cuba to the United States, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Spanish Lesser Antilles, and the oppressment of the Cubans ceased. (The chief cause was giving our minister in Spain a passport and ordering him out of the country. The refusal of Spain to grant Cuba home rule. Results: Independence of Cuba, with self-government, under protection of the United States. Ceding to U. S. of Puerto Rico, Island of Guam, and the Phillippine islands, island of Pines, in consideration of the payment of $20,000,000 to Spain by the U. S.)

8. Dred Scott was a slave of an army surgeon. Scott's master was called up north in free territory, and took Scott with him. He lived in free territory for many years. When he was north he met other negroes, who like himself had lived in slave territory. With full consent of both masters they were married. After a few years Scott's master went down south in slave territory, and Scott declared he was free, because he had been in free territory, so they took the case to the supreme court, and chief justice said he was still a slave, that a slave was like a piece of property and could be taken into any territory and he was still a slave.

This declaration was right in opposition to the Missouri Compromise, because in the Missouri Compromise, slavery was forbidden north of the southern boundary of Missouri, and west of the Mississippi river except Missouri.

The north was very much disheartened at this as it removed the last barrier and they thought now that slavery would be in all the states. It caused a split in the Democratic party and a new party sprang up.

9. An immediate cause of the secession of South Carolina was the election of Lincoln and a remote cause was a difference in construction placed upon the constitution by the North and South. The South prepared for war by seizing gunpowder and supplies for war.

10. The states that seceded during Buchanan's Administration were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Texas. Delegates from six of these states met at Charleston, S. C., and made a set of laws modeled after the Constitution. They elected Jefferson Davis for their president, and Alexander Stephens for vicepresident. Removed the capital to Richmond, Va.

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH.

Questions.

Answer questions 14-15 and eight of the others but no more.

1. Analyze by diagram or otherwise the following sentence: The doe was feeding, daintily cropping the tender leaves of the young shoots, and turning from time to time to regard her offspring.

2. Write sentences containing the masculine singular of maid, niece, heroine, goose; the feminine plural of lion, monk, boy, drake; the possessive plural of king, child. Compare the following adverbs: far, much, well, easily, soon.

3

4.

Give the third person singular of the following forms of the verb tell: a) active, indicative, present, b) passive, indicative, past (imperfect), c) progressive, active, indicative, future, d) progressive, active, indicative, present perfect (perfect), e) emphatic, past (imperfect).

5. Write a formal invitation to Mr. Charles Howard, requesting his presence at a dinner to be given June 19, 1900..

6. Select from the following incorrect sentences and rewrite in correct form, giving the reason for each correction: a) I do not know who she is, b) I do not know who to expect, c) Some degree of care and caution are required for this work, d) Has either of you seen my pencil? e) He is providing a home for we three girls, f) He entertained us instead of our entertaining him, g) I set down and wrote a letter.

7. State the difference between a) an adjective and an adverb, b) an interrogative pronoun and a relative pronoun, c) the active voice and the passive voice, d) an exclamatory sentence and an imperative sentence, e) a phrase and a clause.

8. Give the part of speech and the syntax of the italicized words in the following sentences: a) There in the midst of its farms, reposed the Acadian village, b, c) List to a tale of love in Acadie home of the happy, d) How surely the birds know their enemies! e) It is caught by a sudden stroke of the cat's paw.

9. Make a complex sentence of the following: The deer entered the woods. The woods were thin. The deer saw a rabble of people. The people were starting across the meadow. They were starting in pursuit of the deer.

10. Form one word from each of the following stems and use each word correctly in a sentence: sci, fact, merg, pend, un. Give the active and the passive infinitives and participles of sing.

II.

12.

Write sentences illustrating the use of that as a) a relative pronoun, b) a conjunction, c) an adjective, d) an adjective pronoun (demonstrative pronoun).

13. Parse the italicized words in the following sentences: a) All was silent within, b) Tears then filled her eyes, c, d,) the great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. 14-15. Write an essay of at least 100 words on one of the following topics, paying special

attention to spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammatic construction, proper use of words and sentence structure [Essays on subjects other than those assigned will not be accepted]:

a) An Acadian homestead [Describe the home life and the surroundings of Evangeline], b) A hopeless journey [Give an account of Evangeline's search for Gabriel, after she left the home of Basil the herdsman], c) The household of the bee [Write an account of the bees in the hive, showing the peculiar way in which they live], d) Deer hunting [Describe the different methods of hunting the deer in the Adirondacks]..

NOTE.-Pupils not familiar with Evangeline, Birds and bees or A-hunting of the deer may write on one of the following: a) The most attractive season of the year, b) Adventures of a letter.

4. Miss Nora Nash requests the pleasure of Mr. Charles Howard's company, at a dinner to be given at her home, June 19, 1900.

Tuckahoe, N. Y., June 13, 1900.

5. (a) An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or pronoun; and an adverb is used to modify a verb, adjective or another adverb. (b) An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used to ask a question; and a relative pronoun connects clauses and relates to its antecedent. (c) The active voice denotes the subject as the doer of the act; and the passive voice denotes the subject as the receiver of the act. (d) An exclamatory sentence is a sentence used to denote excitement or feeling; and an imperative sentence is used to give a command. (e) A phrase is a part of a sentence not containing a subject nor predicate; and a clause does contain a subject and predicate. 6. The deer entering the thin woods, saw a rabble of people, who were starting across the meadow in pursuit of her.

7. The boy knew the science of geography. Is two a factor of four?

The man submerged into the water. Did you append the picture to the wall? The governor was elected unanimously. 8. (a) The boy that was here is sick. (b) We eat that we may live.

(c) That girl was in school.

(d) That is the way to New York.

AN ACADIAN HOMESTEAD.

On the shores of the Minas river was a little village called Acadia, where dwelt Benedict Bellefontaine and his daughter Evangeline. Evangeline was a great favorite among the people in the village; for she was kind and good.

The houses were made of strong oak with gables projecting over the doorway. There were large dormer windows in the houses; and the people used to sit on the doorstep on summer evenings watching the children play.

There were very good people in Acadia; and the doors of their houses (were) always open to the weary traveler.

Near Evangeline lived Basil Lajeunesse; and with him his son Gabriel.

Evangeline and Gabriel were playmates; and always went to school together. They learned their lessons out of the same book; and when their lessons were finished they hurried away to the forge of Basil the blacksmith. They would watch him take up the great hoof of the horse (,) and put the shoe in its place.

They would leave there (,) and run across the fields to play (,) and to look for the stone which the swallow brings to her nest.

Evangeline kept house for her father, and very often Gabriel would come in to talk to her. They would play lots of games together.

Evangeline is fast growing into woman-hood; and Gabriel into manhood; and we will leave them enjoying themselves.

I certify that the above page was written by me without previous practice on the sentences written.

GEOGRAPHY.

Questions.

1. Explain by use of a diagram the change of

seasons.

2. Make a diagram showing the division of the earth's surface into zones. Indicate the width in degrees of each zone and give the names of the circles bounding the zones.

3. Compare the climate of Florida with that of Montana and state three reasons for the difference.

4. Trace the course of the waters of each of the following to the sea: Chautauqua lake, Otsego lake, Lake George.

5. Give the location of each of the following cities and state one noteworthy fact regarding each: Poughkeepsie, Gloversville, Oswego, Elmira, Jamestown.

6. Describe a railway route between New York and Buffalo. Mention in order five cities and three rivers on this route.

7. Give the name and the location of the state sometimes popularly called a) Green mountain state, b) Keystone state, c) Lone star 'state. State the reasons for the popular name in each case.

8. Mention in order the states that would be seen in sailing along the coast from the bay of Fundy to the mouth of the Mississippi river.

9. Describe three of the following: Sierra Nevada mountains, Blue Ridge mountains, Great Salt lake, Columbia river, Georgian bay, Cape Cod.

10. What and where is each of the following: Yukon, Yucatan, Baltic, Rhone, Korea? 11. Describe three of the following: Mersey river, Firth of Forth, Jersey island, Shannon river, Land's End, Grampian hills. 12. Mention three important articles that would probably be found in the cargo of a ship sailing from a) New York to Montevideo, b) Montevideo to New York.

13. Describe three of the following: Kongo river, Lake Victoria Nyanza, Sumatra, Tugela river, Himalayas, Azores.

14. Mention, with location, two important rivers of China, one important city of India, one seaport of Germany, one important range of mountains in Russia.

15. Write about 50 words on one of the following topics: animals of the frigid zone, Alleghany mountains, irrigation, climate and productions of Puerto Rico.

Answers.

JAMES T. GRAY, Catskill High School. T. A. CASWELL, Superintendent.

2. See any standard geography.

(c)

3. Florida is much warmer than Montana on account of, (a) Florida being nearer to the equator than Montana; (b) Because Florida is a low swampy plain and Montana is mountainous. The Gulf Stream flows out of the Gulf of Mexico near Florida and warms the winds which sweep over it, while Montana has no warm winds sweeping over it.

4. The waters of Lake Chautauqua reach the sea by the Alleghany River, Ohio River, Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico and Florida Strait.

The waters of Lake Otsego reach the sea by the Susquehanna River, Chesapeake Bay, and Hampton Roads.

The waters of Lake George reach the sea by Lake Champlain, Sorel River, St. Lawrence River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Strait of Belle Isle.

6. A railroad route from New York to Buffalo should be on the Hudson River to Albany and from Albany to Buffalo on the New York Central. Cities through which this railroad would pass are. Yonkers, Poughkeepsie, Hudson, Albany and Syracuse. Three rivers are Hudson,

Mohawk and Genesee.

8. The states which a vessel would pass in going from the Bay of Fundy to the mouth of the Mississippi River are: Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi.

9. a) Great Salt Lake is in the northwestern part of Utah, near the lake is built Salt Lake City, which is the capital.

b) The Columbia River rises in the southern part of British Columbia and flows south and then west into the Pacific Ocean. This river is noted for its salmon fisheries.

c) Cape Cod is a cape projecting from the southeastern part of Massachusetts into the Atlantic Ocean.

10. a) Yukon is a river. It's in the northwestern part of North America and empties into the Behring Strait.

b) Yucatan is a peninsula projecting from the southeastern part of Mexico into the Atlantic Ocean.

c) The Baltic sea lies between Russia and the Scandinavian peninsula.

d) Rhone is a river. It rises in Switzerland and flows west and then south into the Gulf of Lyons.

e) Korea is a peninsula in the eastern part of Asia and projects into the Japan sea.

II. Jersey Island is south of England in the English Channel and is one of the Channel Islands.

Lands End is in the southern part of Ireland and is a cape.

The Firth of Forth is in the northeastern part of Scotland and is an estuary.

12. A cargo of goods being sent from New York to Montevedio, would contain, iron manufactures, breadstuffs, and grain. On returning a vessel would bring back hides, horns, and tallow.

15. Puerto Rico lies just south of the Tropic of Cancer; it's drained by numerous rivers, one of which flows through the city of San Juan, the capital. The climate is warm in Puerto Rico owing to its being located in the Torrid Zone. The principal productions are fruits, consisting of bananas, oranges, pineapples, cocoanuts, etc. Gold is also mined, but to a small extent.

IN THE STATE SUPERINTENDENT'S

OFFICE

Superintendent Skinner has issued college graduate certificates to the following named persons: Olin Wilson Wood, Olean, Syracuse University, 1892; Willard Dean Shannahan, Green Island, Williams College, 1896; James Albert Winans, Ithaca, Hamilton College, 1897; Christabel Abbott, Cobleskill, Syracuse University, 1895; Gurdan R. Miller, Matteawan, Syracuse University, 1893: Alice Platt Willitts, Syosset, Swarthmore College, 1895; Zoe Magdalene Rowland, Sea Cliff, St. Lawrence University, 1897; Jessica May Hitchcock, Ithaca, Cornell University, 1897: Ernest E. Smith, Cambridge, Amherst College, 1889; Helen McCurdy Edwards, Albion, Wells College, 1804; Celia Inez Byrne, Syracuse, N. Y., Syracuse University, 1894; Florence Gertrude Bell, Oneida, N. Y., Western Reserve University, 1896.

The State Superintendent has decided the following school appeals: He dismissed the appeal of Walter Leviker from the election of Porter J. Allen as trustee, of district No. 6, Montague Lewis county, which was taken on the ground

that a sufficient notice of the meeting had not been given.

He sustained the appeal of Lowell S. Henry from the proceedings of the meetings in district No. 1, Richfield, Otsego county, at which five trustees were elected. The election is declared to have been informal because no ballot was taken.

In the appeal of E. R. Lenox and others from the proceedings of the meeting held in district No. 9, Ellery, Chautauqua county, decides that Oscar Stearns, declared to have been elected trustee, was not legally elected.

The appeal of Charles H. Simmons and others from the proceedings of the meeting in district No. 8, Springfield, Otsego county, is sustained on the ground that the election of officers was not conducted in compliance with law.

He sustains the appeal of George Smith from the proceedings at the annual meeting in district No. 5, Orangetown, Rockland county, on the grounds that it was not legally conducted.

The appeal of Theophilus Harrington from the proceedings of the meeting in district No. 4, Warrensburg, Warren county, is sustained for the same reason.

The superintendent also decides that the meeting in district No. 12, Summit, Schoharie county, was not legally conducted.

Up to October 8, 1900, there have been filed at the department of public instruction 131 contracts by school districts for the education of their pupils in adjoining districts. This number exceeds that filed at this time last year by a least 25. During the entire year ending July 31, 1900, there were 225 contracts filed-this being an increase over the previous year of 67.

This system has been thoroughly tested in the first commissioner district of Madison county, where 17 school districts took advantage of the law last year. Carlos J. Coleman in his written report last year submits letters from eleven trustees of districts where this law was tested, and in every instance they report the arrangement as more than satisfactory.

This seems to be the best solution under our present laws of the question of what to do with districts having too small a number of pupils within their limits to profitably maintain a school.

Superintendent Charles R. Skinner has made the following Normal School appointments:

Honorable Henry W. Hill of Buffalo, N. Y., member of the local board of managers of the state normal and training school at Buffalo, in place of Honorable David F. Day, deceased.

General William H. Hughes, of Granville, N. Y., member of the local board of managers of the state normal and training school at Plattsburg, in place of the Honorable Henry G. Burleigh, deceased.

ONEONTA NORMAL.-Helen K. Brainerd, assistant teacher of mathematics and Latin; Genevieve Ingersoll and Lyra M. Matteson, critic teachers.

PLATTSBURGH NORMAL.-Elizabeth W. Bump. English and history; Emmet D. Angell, physical culture; Jennie B. Andrews, drawing.

BUFFALO NORMAL.-Lucy C. Mott, arithmetic and algebra.

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Authorized announcements, October, 1900

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.

Physics and chemistry. At the request of many principals it has been decided to add for the present five questions to the papers in physics and chemistry, so that each question paper will contain 10 questions on part 1. and 10 on part 2.

History and literature. This paper will also consist for the present of 20 questions, 10 on English literature and 10 on American literature. Each question paper will be divided into two parts and will contain the following note:

Answer 10 questions but no more; of these 10 questions at least five must be from part I in order to receive credit for English literature, and five from part 2 in order to receive credit for American literature..

History. Students who hold old U. S. history passcards will receive two additional counts on passing the present advanced U. S. history. Students not holding old U. S. history passcards, but holding old advanced U. S. history passcards will receive two additional counts on passing elementary U. S. history. Students who hold old U. S. history passcards and desire to earn two additional counts in U. S. history must pass the present advanced U. S. history. Those holding old passcards in general history can not receive additional counts for passing in medieval history.

Changes. In changing from the old to the new requirements all unnecessary modifications in the character and scope of question papers will be avoide 1.

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT.

In 1896 the legislature passed an act by which expert accounting was raised to the dignity of a profession. This law provides that public expert accountants, citizens of the United States and residing or having an office for the regular transaction of business in the state, and who shall have received from the regents of the University a certificate of their qualifications to practice as public expert accountants, shall be known as certified public accountants; and no other person shall assume such title or use the abbreviation C. P. A. or any other words, letters or figures to indicate that the persons using the same are such certified public accountants.. The act provides that the regents shall make rules for the examinations of persons applying for certifi

Rules were made, an examining board appointed and the first examination held in December, 1896, since which time examinations have been held twice in each year. For the purpose of supplying to those interested, full information as to the required procedure and the scope and the details of the examinations, the University has just issued the certified public accountant syllabus, prepared by Charles W. Haskins, president of the board of C. P. A. examiners. This syllabus is a book of 134 pages, and contains, besides the law, regents rules, calendar and full outline of examinations, the question papers used in all examinations heretofore held, a list of standard works on accounting, auditing and commercial law and a full index.

HOME EDUCATION.

Traveling libraries and pictures. Since June 1, 13,101 volumes have been sent to 175 different borrowers. 228 wall pictures have been sent to twenty schools and libraries, and nearly 1,200 lantern slides lent.

A bulletin on Traveling pictures and schoolroom decoration was published in June and a second edition is now in press. It contains a list and halftone reproductions of 100 pictures suitable for school rooms, with brief historical, critical or descriptive notes and references to authorities, also size and publisher. The list does not claim to represent the best art, but merely to include 100 of the most satisfactory subjects for high school decoration considering not only artistic merit, reputation, historical and literary significance and educational value, but also extreme or peculiar views on religious and ethical questions. The bulletin also contains information on schoolroom decoration outside New York and a bibliography on art education.

Study clubs. The year opens with the following twelve study clubs added to the roll, making the total number now registered 391: Travelers' club of Jamestown, Unity club of Victor, Thursday morning club of Troy, Leisure hour club of

Homer, Eclectic club of Jamestown, University Extension club of Madrid, Monday morning travelers' club of Troy, Excelsior study club of Ashville, Fortnightly culture club of Buffalo, Topics club of Phoenix, Friday evening club of Hannibal, Cadmon Literary club of Chipman.

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE FOR EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES ?

Government aid should be given in the following directions:

1. Every barrio with fifty pupils of school age should have a school, and the teacher should be partially paid by the government of the islands from public revenues. A per-diem allowance (Mex.) of two cents per pupil would be ample assistance in his direction, an equal amount being paid by the barrio or municipio.

2. Every such barrio should have a substantial schoolhouse. The material should be furnished by the government, the labor of construction by the barrio.

3. A graded system of uniform text-books should be supplied by the government-primary, intermediate and advanced-at the bare cost of printing, together with all other necessary facilities in the way of maps, globes, charts, blackboards, etc. This supply should be lavish, and should include a good course in the English language and literature.

A trained American teacher should be installed as superintendent of public instruction in each municipio. He should establish the necessary schools, supervise their operation, conduct classes in English and teachers' institutes, and be paid entirely by the general government of the islands.

This system would necessitate a bureau of public education and would cost some money; but it is very much cheaper than military suppression of Spanish-Malay insurrections. The schoolhouse means stability, law, order and intelligent appeal to judicial arbitrament instead of arms. From "Pressing Needs of the Phillippines," by Major John H. Parker, U. S. V., in the American Monthly Review of Reviews for September.