B.C. 1. OLYMPIC VICTORS. 2. EVENTS. 776. Ol. 1. Corabus Eleus. THE first Olympiad is placed by Censorinus c. 21. in the 1014th Euseb. Chron. I. 30. p. year before the consulship of Ulpius and Pontianus A. D. 238=B. C. 137. 32. p. 140. 33. p. 776. Solinus 1, 29. attests that Ol. 207 fell within the consulship of 142. II. p. 319. Præp. Gallus and Verannius: Cum C. Pompeius Gallus et Q. Verannius fuX. p. 503. B. erint consules, consulatu eorum Olympias 207a actis publicis annotata Syncell. p. 196. C. 197. est. But these were consuls U. Č. Varr. 802 A. D. 49: conf. Tacit. C. Pausan. V. S, 3. Ann. XII. 5. Fast. apud Noris. p. 19. And if the 207th games were VIII. 26, 3. Athen. celebrated in July A. D. 49, 206 Ólympiads or 824 years had elapsed, Strabo and the first games were celebrated in July B.C. 776. Eusebius places Phlegon Ol. 1 in the 94th year before the first annual archon at Athens, and in IX. p. 382. B. VIII. p. 355. p. 140. the second year of Eschylus: Chron. II. p. 318. Eschyli Atheniensium principis anno altero acta est prima Olympias qua vicit stadium Corabus Eleus. Quinquennalem agonem Elei celebrant, quatuor annis in medio absolutis. In the version of Hieronymus also secundo anno Eschyli Atheniensium judicis. The second year of Eschylus was therefore current in July B. C. 776, and he began to reign B. C. 778, and his 23rd year coincided with Ol. 6. 2. the 22nd Olympic year. The interval to the first annual archon is thus computed by Eusebius p. 318 -324. Eschylus last 21+ Alemaon 2+ten decennial archons 70=93 years. But some authorities placed Ol. 1 in the 12th year of Eschylus, and gave 12 years to Alcmeon: Euseb. Chron. I. 30. p. 137. Vigesimus nonus Eschylus Agamestoris annis XXIII. cujus anno duodecimo prima Olympias instituta est, qua vicit stadium Corabus Eleus. -Post Eschylum imperat Athenis Alcmaon annis II. Lege XII. Græca Scaligeri p. 28. εἰκοστὸς ἔνατος Αἰσχύλος ̓Αγαμήστορος ἔτη κγ'. ἐφ' οὗ ἔτει δωδεκάτῳ πρώτη Ολυμπιάς ἤχθη ἣν ἐνίκα Κόρυβος Ἠλεῖος στάδιον.— τριακοστὸς δὲ μετὰ Αἰσχύλον ̓Αθηναίων βασιλεύει ̓Αλκμαίων ἔτη ιβ'. This computation placed the reign of Eschylus 10 years higher, his accession at B. C. 788, and his 23rd year at B. C. 765. And the 93 years were obtained thus: Eschylus last 11+ Alemaon 12+ decennial archons 70. Syncellus p. 195. C. expresses the higher date: Alcxúλou Tậ ιβ' ἔτει πληρουμένῳ καὶ ἀρχομένῳ τῷ ιγ' αὐτοῦ ἔτει— ἡ πρώτη ὀλυμπιὼς ἤχθη. Another computation has been already noticed at p. 132. o. In both the copies of Eusebius the first Olympic games are placed within the Eusebian year 1240, which is made conumerary with the 2nd year of Eschylus. Accordingly that Eusebian year was completed in the autumn of B. C. 776; and 3 months of the first Olympic year belong to 1240 and 9 months to 1241. Hence a different mode of notation in the two copies. The Armenian marks the first Olympic year at the year in which it commenced; Hieronymus at the year in which it ended. 66 σε The first Olympic games B. C. 776 are placed at the 1st of Ahaz by Africanus apud Syncell. p. 197. C. ὁ δὲ ̓Αφρικανὸς—κατὰ τὸ α' ἔτος Αχαζ τὴν πρώτην ὀλυμπιάδα φάσκων ἦρχθαι ἔν τε τῷ τρίτῳ καὶ ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ λόγῳ τῶν ἱστορικῶν αὐτοῦ τρανῶς, ἐν οἷς ὧδε γράφει· σὲ ἀναγραφῆναι δὲ πρώτην τὴν τεσσε σαρεσκαιδεκάτην (conf. F. H. II. p. 410] ἡνίκα καὶ Κόροιβος στάδιον ἐνίκα. σε τότε ἐβασίλευσεν Αχαζ ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἔτος πρῶτον.” εἶτα ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ φησίν· σε ἦν δ ̓ ἄρα τοῦ ̓Αχαζ βασιλείας ἔτος πρῶτον, ᾧ συντρέχειν ἀπεδείξαμεν "TÙY TρÚTY BAUμráda." Eusebius Chron. II. p. 318. places here the 49th of Uzziah, and misrepresents Africanus. Conf. Euseb. Chron. II. p. 319. Syncell. p. 197. B. Eusebius himself Præp. X. p. 503. B. where he probably gives the dates of Africanus, refers Ol. 1 to the 7 2. EVENTS. reign of Alas : "Αχαζ ἔτη ις'. κατὰ τοῦτον ἡ πρώτη ὀλυμπιάς ἤχθη. Syncellus p. 197. B. places the games at the 45th of Uzziah: àñò TOŨ μs' ἔτους Ὀξίου. But the 33rd of Uzziah in reality was current at the time of the first Olympic games in July B. C. 776. See Appendix c. 5. The 3rd year of Eschylus (the 13th by some accounts) and the Eusebian year 1241 extended according to the scheme of Eusebius from autumn B. C. 776 to autumn B. C. 775, and the second Olympic year from July B. C. 775 commenced within it. Hence this second Olympic year is referred in the Armenian copy to the 3rd of Eschylus and the year 1241. Conf. a. 776. F. H. III. p. 302. e. Hieronymus, after naming the first Olympic games at the year 1240, inserts, Hinc decedentibus et succedentibus regnis novus ordo consurgit. and places the first Olympic year at 1241. By this observation (which is not in the Armenian copy) he appears to mean that the years of Abraham and of each respective reign, which were heretofore reckoned from autumn to autumn, are in future reckoned from midsummer to midsummer, corresponding with the Olympic years. In that case Hieronymus strikes out three months from the 2nd year of Eschylus and from the year 1240, and computes the year 1241 (the 3rd of Eschylus) from July B. C. 776, making it conumerary with the first Olympic year. 774. 1, 3. Euseb. Chron. Anno 1242 Oi. 1.3. In Italia Pandosia et Metapontus condite. Placed at the same period by Syncellus p. 212. C. év Ιταλία Πανδοσία καὶ Μεταπόντιον πόλεις ἐκτίσθησαν. An earlier origin is ascribed to Metapontum by Justin XX. 2. Metapontini in templo Minervæ ferramenta quibus Epeus, a quo conditi sunt, equum Trojanum fabricavit ostentant. Conf. Pseudo-Aristot. de Mirab. p.1161. B. And by Velleius I. 1. * *. tempestate distractus a duce suo Nestore Metapontum condidit. 3. POETS, &c. Arctinus fourished: Cyrill. adv. Julian. p. 12. Β. πρώτῃ ὀλυμπιάδι Μιλήσιος ἐποποιὸς ̓Αρκτινος λέγεται yeyovéval. Euseb. Chron. Anno 1241 Ol. 1. 2. Eschyli 3° [anno 1242 Eschyli 4° Hier.] Arctinus Milesius versificator florebat. Hence Syncellus p. 212. C. 'Apxтivos Miλholos éπоTоids xμačev. Placed by Suidas at Ol. 9 : Αρκτῖνος Τηλέω τοῦ Ναύτεω ἀπογόνου Μιλήσιος, ἐποποιὸς, μαθητὴς Ὁμήρου, ὡς λέγει ὁ Κλαζομένιος Αρτέμων ἐν τῷ περὶ Ὁμήρου [conf. Tzetz. Chil. XIII. 641]· γεγονὸς κατὰ τὴν θ' ὀλυμπιάδα μSTÀ тетρаxóσiα ETη Tüv Тpwïxшv. 400 years after the Trojan era would give B. C. 783. See similar computations at B. C. 693. But Ol. 9=B. C. 743 would give 440 years for the interval. On this account we may perhaps substitute in Suidas γεγονώς κατὰ τὴν α' ὀλ. The fiction that Arctinus was the disciple of Homer attests his high antiquity. The date, however, as it stands in Suidas, Ol. 9, is consistent with the accounts which place him at Ol. 1; and Arctinus might occupy 35 years B.C. 775-740. According to Phanias, he contended with Lesches: Clem. Al. Strom. I. p. 333. B. Φανείας πρὸ Τερπάνδρου τιθεὶς Λέσχην τὸν Λέσβιον ̓Αρχιλόχου νεώτερον φέρει τὸν Τέρπανδρον· διημιλλῆσθαι δὲ TOY Aéoxy 'Agxτivw. Lesches is placed by Eusebius 118 years below this date, at Ol. 30. conf. a. 657. We shall not, however, with Scaliger ad Euseb. p. 69. and Dodwell de Cycl. p. 129., bring down Arctinus to the 30th Olympiad, but rather conclude that Phanias, who places Lesches before Terpander and in the time of Arctinus, followed a different account from that which Eusebius adopted, and assigned to Lesches a higher date. Welcker Fragm. Aleman. p. 7., quoting Clemens, observes, Leschen certamine musico Arctinum superasse circa Ol. 18 auctor est Xanthus Lydus. But this is neither affirmed by Xanthus, nor is it referred to Ol. 18. That passage of Clemens refers to another transaction, the foundation of Thasos. Lesches, then, according to the account of Phanias, might have flourished in Ol. 9 or 10, 80 years before the date of Eusebius, and 60 before the ἀκμὴ of Terpander. Two works of Arctinus are described by Proclus : Αιθιοπίδος βιβλία ε' Αρκα τίνου Μιλησίου p. 477. Ιλίου Πέρσιδος βιβλία β' 'Αρκτίνου Μιλησίου p. 483. Eight lines of the Ἰλίου πέρτις are preserved Schol. Hom. Il. λ'. 515. ̓Αρκτῖνος ἐν Ἰλίου πορθήσει—φησίν. The Ethiopis without the name of the author is quoted Schol. Pindar. Isthm. IV. 58. & Tv Ailionida ypácav. The Пépois, Πέρσις, by Lysimachus apud Schol. Eur. Troad. 31. e cod. Vat. Auriuaxos dè Tov Пegontoa [leg. Пépoida] πεποιηκότα φησὶ γράφειν οὕτως· Θησείδαις δὲ πόρεν δῶρα κρείων Αγαμέμνων X |