Apollodorus, Cecrops was an indigenous chiefk. Some accounts derive him from Egypt1. But the Egyptian settlement of Cecrops, if he was Egyptian, made but little impression upon the country ; for he had no successors of his own race, and the next kings, Cranaüs, Amphictyon, and Erichthonius, were all natives of the country. And Isocrates considers the Attic kings to be properly founded by Erichthonius TM. The years assigned to the first kings are inconsistent with the facts. Erechtheus the fatherin-law of Xuthus would be contemporary with Hellen and Amphictyon; and yet between Amphictyon and Erechtheus are interposed two reigns and ninety years. But these two reigns we may with Newton expunge from the list, as inconsistent with the other traditions ". παῖδας Κέκροπα, Πάνδωρον, Μητίονα, θυγατέρας δὲ Πρότ κριν, Κρέουσαν, Χθονίαν, Ωρείθυιαν, ἣν ἥρπασε Βορέας. Χθονίαν μὲν οὖν ἔγημε Βούτης, Κρέουσαν δὲ Ξοῦθος. Ποσειδῶνος δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἐρεχθέα καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ καταλύ σαντος, Κέκροψ ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν Ερεχθέως παίδων ἐβα σίλευσενὃςἐτέκνωσε Πανδίονα. οὗτος μετὰ Κέκροπα βασιλεύων ὑπὸ τῶν Μητίονος υἱῶν κατὰ στάσιν ἐξε βλήθη. Πανδίονι δὲ ἐν Μεγάροις ὄντι παῖδες ἐγένοντο Αιγεὺς, Πάλλας, Νῖσος, Λύκος.—μετὰ δὲ τὴν Πανδίονος τε λευτὴν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ στρατεύσαντες ἐπὶ ̓Αθήνας ἐξέβα λον τοὺς Μητιονίδας καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τετραχῆ διεῖλον· εἶχε δὲ τὸ πᾶν κράτος Αἰγεύς. For Theseus conf. Apollod. III. 16. For Menestheus, III. 10, 8. For Ποσ. Εριχθονίου Heyne ad loc. properly restores Ερεχθέως. Hesychius, to whom he refers: Ερεχθεύς. Ποσειδῶν ἐν ̓Αθήναις. Lycophr. 158. ἔστειλ ̓ Ερεχ θεύς—Athenagoras (quoted by Potter ad Lyc. 1. c.) p. 4. ὁ δὲ ̓Αθηναῖος Ερεχθεῖ Ποσειδῶνι θύει. Vit. Χ. Οr. p. 843. Β. τὴν ἱερωσύνην Ποσειδῶνος Ερεχ θέως. k See the preceding note. 1 Proclus ad Timæum apud Siebel. Phanodemi fragm. p.3. τοὺς δὲ ̓Αθηναίους Καλλισθένης μὲν καὶ Φανόδημος πατέρας τῶν Σαϊτῶν ἱστοροῦσι γενέσθαι. Θεός πομπος δὲ ἀνάπαλιν ἀποίκους αὐτῶν εἶναί φησιν. Αττικὸς δὲ ὁ Πλατωνικὸς διὰ βασκανίαν φησὶ μεταποιῆσαι τὴν ἴσω τορίαν τὸν Θεόπομπον—ὁ δὲ Πλάτων [Timmo p. 21. e] τοσοῦτον μόνον εἶπε περὶ αὐτῶν, ὅτι φιλαθήναιοί τε οἱ Σαΐται καί τινα τρόπον (Αθηναίων) οἰκεῖοι. Diod. I. 28. οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι—τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους φασὶν ἀποίκους εἶναι Σαϊτῶν τῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου. Africanus apud Euseb. Præp. Χ. 10. p. 491. Α. Αθηναίους—ἀποίκους Αίγυπ. τίων ὑπονουμένους, ὥς φασιν ἄλλοι τε καὶ ἐν τῷ Τρικαρήνῳ Θεόπομπος. Tzetz. ad Lyc. 111. ἡ ̓Αττικὴ βασιλεία ἦν τοῦ Κέκροπος· ἐλθὼν γὰρ ἀπὸ Σάεως πόλεως Αἰγύπτου τὰς Αθήνας συνῴκησε.—δίμορφον δὲ λέγουσι καὶ διφυῆ τὸν Κέκροπαἢ διὰ τὸ δύο φωνὰς ἐπίστασθαι, Αἰγυπτίαν καὶ Ἑλληνίδα, κ. τ. λ. Eustath. ad Dionys. Perieg. 391. τὸν Κέκροπα φασὶν οἱ μῦθοι τοὐναντίον ἀπὸ ὄψεως εἰς ἄνθρωπον ἐλθεῖν, ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνος ἐλθὼν εἰς Ἑλλάδα καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον Αἰγυπτιασμὸν ἀφεὶς χρηστοὺς ἀνελάβετο τρόπους πολιτικούς. Schol. Aristoph. Plut. 773. Κέκροψ Αγύπτιος ὢν τὸ γένος ᾤκησε τὰς Αθήνας. We have seen already p. 56. that he was supposed to have divided Attica into twelve towns, and to have governed Boeotia as well as Attica. His tomb was shewn in the Acropolis: Clem. Al. Protr. p. 29. Β. ̓Αθήνησι δὲ ἐν ἀκροπόλει (τάφος ἐστὶ) Κέκρο πος, ὥς φησιν ̓Αντίοχος ἐν τῷ ἐνάτῳ τῶν ἱστοριῶν. m Isocr. Panath. p. 258. d. Εριχθόνιος μὲν γὰρ ὁ φὺς ἐξ Ηφαίστου καὶ γῆς παρὰ Κέκροπος ἄπαιδος ὄντος ἀῤῥένων παίδων τὸν οἶκον καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρέλαβεν· ἐντεῦθεν δ ̓ ἀρξάμενοι πάντες οἱ γενόμενοι μετ' ἐκεῖνον, ὄντες οὐκ ὀλίγοι, τὰς κτήσεις τὰς αὑτῶν καὶ τὰς δυναστείας τοῖς αὑτῶν παισὶ παρέδοσαν μέχρι Θησέως. n Newton Chronology p. 141. observes, “ Hel« len was about one, and Deucalion two genera"tions older than Erechtheus. They could not "be much older, because Xuthus the youngest 66 son of Hellen married Creüsa the daughter of “Erechtheus.” And he expunges Erichthonius and Pandion I. from the list of kings, partly for this reason, and partly because the circumstances which belong to Erichthonius are ascribed by Homer, Themistius, and Plato, to Erechtheus. Erichthonius and Erechtheus are distinguished by many authorities. To those already quoted at p. 60. may be added the following: Pindar and the author of the Δαναΐς : Harpocr. v. Αὐτόχ θονες. ὁ δὲ Πίνδαρος καὶ ὁ τὴν Δαναΐδα πεποιηκώς φασιν Εριχθόνιον ἐκ Γῆς καὶ Ἡφαίστου φανῆναι. Hellanicus and Androtion ascribed the Panathenæa to Erichthonius : Harp. Παναθήναια. ἤγαγε τὴν ἑορτὴν ὁ Εριχθόνιος ὁ Ηφαίστου, καθὰ φασὶν Ελλάνικός τε καὶ ̓Ανδροτίων, ἑκάτερος ἐν α' 'Ατθίδος. Hyperides mentions Pandion son of Erichthonius : Harp. Πανδιονίς· μία τῶν δέκα φυλῶν—κληθεῖσα ἀπὸ Πανδίονος τοῦ Εριχθονίου, ὡς Υπερίδης λέγει. Philochorus: Harp. κανηφόροι. περὶ τῶν κανηφόρων Φιλόχορος ἐν δευτέρᾳ Ατθί δος φησὶν ὡς Ἐριχθονίου βασιλεύοντος πρῶτον κατέστησαν αἱ ἐν ἀξιώματι παρθένοι φέρειν τὰ κανὰ τῇ θεῷ, ἐφ ̓ οἷς ἐπέκειτο τὰ πρὸς τὴν θυσίαν τοῖς τε Παναθηναίοις καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις πομπαῖς. Schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 542. Φιλοχόρου ἐν τῇ δευτέρα, ὅς γε καὶ τον καταϊδόντα τὸ ἔθος (τοῦ θαλλοφορεῖν) Εριχθόνιον συνίστησι. Erechtheus is named by Philochorus apud Syncell. p. 161. A. Under the names of Erichthonius or Erechtheus appears to be described a native chief of Ionian race, who in the fourth or fifth generation before the Trojan war introduced or restored the worship of Minerva in Attica, and, perhaps with the aid of the Ionians of Peloponnesus, carried on war against Eleusis. From him Theseus and Menestheus were said to be descended P. ν. Harp. v. Βοηδρόμια. Erichthonius is named Erech theus in Homer Il. β'. 547. δῆμον Ερεχθῆος μεγαλήτορος, ὅν ποτ ̓ ̓Αθήνη θρέψε Διός θυγάτηρ, τέκε δὲ ζείδωρος άρουρα, κὰδ' δ ̓ ἐν ̓Αθηνῃς εἶσεν ἑῷ ἐνὶ πίονι νηῷ. Schol. ad loc. Ερεχθέως τοῦ βασιλέως ̓Αθηναίων, τοῦ καὶ Εριχθονίου καλουμένου, γεννηθέντος δὲ ἐκ τοῦ Ἡφαίστον. Eustath. p. 283. εὐγενὴς δὲ ἀνὴρ ὁ Ερεχθεὺς καὶ συνετὸς, ὡς οἷα καὶ ̓Αθηνᾶς τρόφιμος· καὶ αὐτόχθων, οὐ μὴν ἔπηλυς, καθά τινες ὑπέλαβον τὸν Κέκροπα—τινὲς δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν καὶ Εριχθόνιον φασὶ—πλάττουσι δὲ ἕτεροι καὶ μῦθον αἰσχρὸν ἐκεῖνον τὸν περὶ τοῦ ἐρίου καὶ τῆς χθονός. κ. τ. λ. Hom. Odyss. γ'. 81. δνε δ' Ερεχθῆος πυκινὸν δόμον. Schol. ad loc. τὸ ἑαυτῆς τέμενος. ἐν γὰρ τούτῳ ἐτράφη ὁ Ερεχθεύς. Etym. Magn. Ερεχθεύς. ὁ Ἐπι χθόνιος καλούμενος, κ. τ. λ. Ερεχθεὺς κύριον—ὁ αὐτὸς δὲ λέγεται καὶ Εριχθόνιος. Herodot. VIII. 55. ἔστι ἐν τῇ ἀκριπόλι ταύτῃ Ερεχθῆος τοῦ γηγενέος λεγομένου εἶναι νηός ἐν τῷ ἐλαίη τε καὶ θάλασσα ἔνι, κ. τ. λ. Vit. X. Or. p. 843. Ε. Ερεχθέως τοῦ γῆς καὶ Ἡφαίστου. Themist. or. 27. p. 337. Α. ἵππων ἅρμα ὑπ ̓ Ερεχθέως πρῶτον ζευχθῆναι λέγεται. where Harduin without reason corrects ὑπ ̓ Εριχθαίου or ὑπ ̓ Εριχθονίου. Two questions arise upon these passages; whether there were two of the name of Erechtheus, or whether only one. The former opinion is followed by Castor and Eusebius, see p. 59. and by Heyne ad Apollod. p. 837. Videntur duo Erechthei constitui posse, alter antiquior, cognomine Erichthonius, alter is qui infra Apollod. III. 15, 1. The passages here given may be interpreted to favour Heyne's opinion. Homer appears to have known nothing of Erichthonius as a distinct person from Erechtheus; and, after the Athenians had invented Ericthonius as a distinct person, it is probable that they might adopt Homer to this account by inventing two Erechthei. The following passages, however, clearly refer to only one : Xenoph. Μem. III. 5, 10. λέγω γὰρ καὶ τὴν Ερεχθέως γε τροφὴν καὶ γένεσιν καὶ τὸν πόλεμον τὸν ἐπ' ἐκείνου γενόμενον πρὸς τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ἐχομένης ἠπείρου πά σης" where Vales. apud Weisk. tom. VI. p. 341. remarks, Confundere videtur Erechtheum quo regnante bellum gessere contra Thracas cum altero antiquiore Erectheo seu potius Erichthonio. Demosth. Epitaph. p. 1397. ᾔδεσαν ἅπαντες Ερεχ θεῖσαι τὸν ἐπώνυμον αὑτῶν Ερεχθέα ἕνεκα τοῦ σῶσαι τὴν χώραν τὰς αὑτοῦ παῖδας—εἰς προΰπτον θάνατον δόντα ἀναλῶσαι. αἰσχρὸν οὖν ἡγοῦντο τὸν μὲν ἀπ' ἀθανάτων πεφυκότα πάντα ποιεῖν κ. τ. λ. where τὸν ἀπ ̓ ἀθανάτων πε = φυκότα in their literal sense would describe Erichthonius. Plato Alcib. I. p. 121. a. ὁ δὲ Δαίδαλος (ἀναφέρεται) εἰς Ἥφαιστον τον Διός. Schol. ad loc. p. 388. Bekk. Ζεὺς=Ἥρα Ηφαιστος= Γῆ· Ερεχθεὺς = Προκρίς Μητίων=γυνή τις· Εὐπάλαμος = Αλκίππη Δαίδαλος. Here Erechtheus and Erichthonius are the same person: the two other steps in the pedigree Erichthonius and Pandion being omitted. The same genealogy occurs in Steph. Byz. v. Μέγαρα—ἀπὸ Μεγαρέως—τοῦ Αἰγέως τοῦ Πανδίονος τοῦ Ερεχθέως τοῦ Ηφαίστου. We may suspect then that even among the ancients themselves there were some who believed Erichthonius son of Vulcan to be the same person as Erechtheus the father of Creusa and of Cecrops II. o Ion assisted Erechtheus in this war according to Philochorus apud Harp. v. Βοηδρόμια. Others placed Ion in the next reign. The war of Erech theus and Eumolpus is mentioned by Isocrates Panath. c. 78. p.273. Θρᾷκες μὲν γὰρ μετ ̓ Εὐμόλπου του Ποσειδῶνος εἰσέβαλον εἰς τὴν χώραν ἡμῶν, ὃς ἐμφισβήτησεν Ερεχθεῖ τῆς πόλεως, φάσκων Ποσειδῶ πρότερον ̓Αθηνᾶς καταλαβεῖν αὐτήν. Thucyd. II. 15. τινὲς καὶ ἐπολέμη σάν ποτε αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ καὶ Ἐλευσίνιοι μετ ̓ Εὐμόλπου πρὸς Ερεχθέα. Lycurg. Leocr. p. 160, 9. φασὶ γὰρ Εὔμολπον τὸν Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Χιόνης μετὰ Θρᾳκῶν ἐλθεῖν τῆς χώρας ταύτης ἀμφισβητοῦντα, τυχεῖν δὲ κατ ̓ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους βασιλεύοντα Ερεχθέα, γυναῖκα ἔχοντα Πραξι θέαν τὴν Κηφισοῦ θυγατέρα. κ. τ. λ. Erechtheus slew in this war Immaradus son of Eumolpus: Pausan. Ι. 5, 2. ἐνίκησεν Ελευσινίους μάχῃ καὶ τὸν ἡγού μενον ἀπέκτεινεν Ιμμάραδον τὸν Εὐμόλπου. or Eumolpus himself: Apollod. III. 15, 4. Ερεχθεὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλεν Εὔμολπον. By another account he fell himself: Pausan. I. 38, 4. γενομένης μάχης ἀπέθανε μὲν Ερεχ θεὺς ̓Αθηναίων βασιλεὺς ἀπέθανε δὲ Ἰμμάραδος ὁ Εὐμόλπου (Ιμμάραδος ὁ Εὐμόλπου καὶ Δαείρας Clem. Αl. Protr. p. 29. B). Eumolpus is mentioned by Aristides Panath. p. 118. He is the son of Neptune in the preceding testimonies; to which we may add Isocrat. Panegyr. p. 54. c. Θρᾷκες μετ' Εὐμόλο που τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος. He was said to be the grandson of Orithyia whom Boreas carried off: Pausan. I. 38, 3. Apollod. III. 15, 24. An example how negligently genealogies were sometimes composed; for according to this pedigree he would be the great grandson of his competitor Erechtheus. P The genealogy stands thus: Pandion the father of Ægeus is said to have divided his kingdom among his four sons 9, and is supposed to have possessed Megara as well as Attica. Thucydides however remarks that the authority of these early kings was very limited ; and it appears from Pausanias that 66 Orithyia is mentioned Herodot. VII. 189. Thestius or Thespius Pausan. IX. 26, 4. Diod. IV. 29. Dedalus is the grandson of Melion Apollod. III. 15, 8. Δαίδαλος ὁ Εὐπαλάμου παῖς τοῦ Μητ τίωνος. The same descent is in Schol. Platon. p. 388. already quoted. But the son, in Diod. IV. 76. Δαίδαλος εἷς τῶν Ερεχθειδῶν· ἦν γὰρ υἱὸς Μητίωνος τοῦ Εὐπαλάμου τοῦ Ἐρεχθέως. Schol. Soph. (d. Col. 472. Δαίδαλον περὶ οὗ Φερεκύδης φησὶν οὕτω· “ Μησε τίνῳ δὲ τῷ Ερεχθέως καὶ Ἰφινόῃ γίνεται Δαίδαλος, ἀφ' σε οὗ ὁ δῆμος καλεῖται Δαιδαλίδαι Αθήνησι.” Plato Ion. P. 533. περὶ Δαιδάλου τοῦ Μητίονος. Heyne ad Apollod. p. 868. has neglected to mark this variation. Wesseling ad Diod. IV. 76. has been more diligent. Pausanias VII. 4, 5. speaks generally : Δαιδάλῳτῶν καλουμένων Μητιονιδών. And Plato Alcib. I. p. 121. a. ὁ δὲ Δαίδαλος ἀναφέρεται εἰς Ηφαιστον τὸν Διός. Clidemus apud Plutarch. Thes. c. 19. derives him from a daughter of Erechtheus : Δαίδαλον μητρὸς ὄντα Μερόπης τῆς Ἐρεχθέως. The Erechthida were said to have colonized Euboea, but accounts vary concerning the leader. Cecrops II. μετώκησεν ἐς Εὔβοιαν Pausan. I. 5, 3. Scymnus 572. ἐκ τῆς δ' Αττικῆς Τὸν Ἐρεχθέως δια βάντα Πάνδωρον [Conf. Apollod. III. 15, 1] κτίσαι Πόλιν μεγίστην τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ Χαλκίδα Αἶκλόν τ' Ερετρίαν τ' Αθηναῖον γένει Τὴν δ ̓ εἰναλίαν Κήρινθον ὡσαύτως Κόσ θον [conf. Strab. Χ. p. 445]. Schol. Hom. Il. β'. 536. Ερεχθέως Κέκροψ, οὗ Μητίων, ἀφ ̓ οὗ οἱ Μητιονίδαι οὗ Χάλκων, οὗ Αβας, ὃς ̓́Αβαντας αὐτοὺς ἐκάλεσεν· οὗ Χαλκώδων, οὗ Ελεφήνωρ. Εustath. p. 281, 26. Ερεχ θέως υἱοῦ Πανδίονος γίνεται Κέκροψ, Αρνεὺς [1. Ὀρνεὺς], Πάνδωρος, Μητίων, ὧν ̓Αρνέως μὲν Πετεως, οὗ Μενεσθεύς —Πάνδωρος δὲ Εὔβοιαν οἰκίζει· οὗ Αλκων καὶ Δίας· ὧν ὁ μὲν Δῖον κτίζει [Schol. Hom. Il. β'. 538. εἴρηται ἀπὸ Δίου τοῦ Πανδώρου], ὁ δ ̓ ̓́Αλκων Αβαντα ἴσχει· ὃς Αβαντας ἐκάλεσεν· οὗ Χαλκώδων, οὗ Ελεφήνωρ. But Aristotle derived the Abantes from a different origin: Eustath. Ibid. οἱ δὲ λέγουσι καὶ ὅτι Θρᾷκες κατὰ ̓Αριστοτέλην ὁρμηθέντες ἐξ ̓Αβας τῆς Φωκικῆς ἐπῴ κησαν τὴν νῆσον καὶ ἐπωνόμασαν Αβαντας τοὺς ἐκεῖ. That a part of the population of Eubœa was Ionian we have seen already at p. 55. o. 4 Strabo IX. p. 392. οἱ τῆν ̓Ατθίδα συγγράψαντες πολλὰ διαφωνοῦντες τοῦτό γε ὁμολογοῦσιν, οἵ γε λόγου ἄξιοι, ὅτι τῶν Πανδιονιδῶν τεσσάρων ὄντων, Αἰγέως τε καὶ Δύο κου καὶ Πάλλαντος καὶ τοῦ τετάρτου Νίσου, καὶ τῆς ̓Αττικῆς εἰς τέτταρα μέρη διαιρεθείσης, ο Νίσος τὴν Μεγαρίδα λάχοι, καὶ κτίσαι τὴν Νίσαιαν. Φιλόχορος μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ ἰσθμοῦ μέχρι Πυθίου διήκειν αὐτοῦ φησι τὴν ἀρχὴν, Ανδραν δὲ μέχρι Ἐλευσῖνος καὶ τοῦ Θριασίου πεδίου. Schol. Aristoph. Lysistr. 58. διῃρεῖτο εἰς τέσσαρας μερίδας τὸ παλαιὸν ἡ ̓Αττική· Πανδίων γὰρ διαδεξάμενος τὴν Κέκρο πος βασιλείαν προσκτησάμενος καὶ τὴν Μεγαρίδα ἔνειμε τὴν χώραν τοῖς παισὶν εἰς δ' μοίρας· Αἰγεῖ μὲν τὴν παρὰ τὸ ἄστυ μέχρι Πυθίου Πάλαντι δὲ τὴν Παραλίαν Λύκῳ δὲ τὴν Διακρίαν Νίσῳ δὲ τὴν Μεγαρίδα. Idem ad Vesp. 1218. τὴν χώραν τὴν Διακρίαν Πανδίονα φασὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς διανεί μαντα τὴν ἀρχὴν Λύκῳ δοῦναι, Αἰγεῖ δὲ τὴν περὶ τὸ ἄστυ, Πάλλαντι τὴν Παραλίαν, Νίσῳ δὲ τὴν Μεγαρίδα. Lycus ultimately settled with Sarpedon brother of Minos, on the coast of Asia Minor, and from him the territory was called Lycia: Herodot. I. 173. Ἐξ Αθηνέων Λύκος ὁ Πανδίονος ἐξελαθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφέου Αἰγέως. On this colony of Lycus see Pausan. I. 19. IV. 2. Strabo XII. Ρ. 573. XIV. 667. Steph. Βyz. Λυκία. Plutarch Thes. c. 13. relates of the Pallantide, οἱ δὲ Παλλαντίδαι-χαλεπῶς φέροντες εἰ βασιλεύει μὲν Αἰγεὺς θετὸς γενόμενος Πανδίονι καὶ μηδὲν Ερεχθείδαις προσήκων. But this is related only as the representation of the Pallantide the enemies of Egeus, and will not justify any conclusion that geus was of a different race from the Erechthida. r Thuc. II. 15. many traditions in the boroughs differed from those in the citys, and many early kings or founders were recorded who seem to have belonged to the aboriginal racet. Egeus and Theseus are not named in the Iliad, except in a line of suspected authority v. Theseus and Ariadnë occur in the Odyssey W. Ethra occurs in the Iliad, supposed by very early authorities to be the mother of Theseus. But as neither Theseus nor his sons are noticed in the Iliad, and as the age of Theseus creates a difficulty, those critics appear to be right, who suppose the mother of Theseus not mentioned in the Iliad y. 7. Amphictyon son of Deucalion is said to have instituted the Amphictyonic meeting at Thermopylæ. His temple there is mentioned by Herodotus 2. Some accounts traced the name of the Amphictyonic meeting to another origin. According to others Acrisius established an Amphictyonic meeting at Delphi in imitation of that at Thermopyla a. We may s Pausan. I. 14, 6. δῆμός ἐστιν Αθηναίοις ̓Αθμο νέων, οἳ Πορφυρίωνα ἔτι πρότερον ̓Ακταίου βασιλεύσαντα τῆς Οὐρανίας φασὶ τὸ παρὰ σφίσιν ἱερὸν ἱδρύσασθαι. λές γουσι δὲ ἀνὰ τοὺς δήμους καὶ ἄλλα οὐδὲν ὁμοίως καὶ οἱ τὴν πόλιν ἔχοντες. I. 38, 2. 'Αθηναῖοι τὸν Κρίκωνα Κελεοῦ θυγατρὶ συνοικῆσαι Σαισάρᾳ λέγουσι· λέγουσι δὲ οὐ πάντες, ἀλλ' ὅσοι τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Σκαμβωνιδῶν εἰσίν. t Pausan. I. 31, 3. γέγραπται δὲ δή μοι τῶν ἐν τοῖς δήμοις φάναι πολλοὺς ὡς καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐβασιλεύοντο τῆς Κέκροπος. ἔστι δὲ ὁ Κολαινὸς ἀνδρὸς ὄνομα πρότερον ἢ Κέκροψ ἐβασίλευσεν, ὡς οἱ Μυῤῥινούσιοι λέγουσιν, ἄρξαν τος. Ι. 38, 7. Ἐλευσῖνα δὲ ἥρωα, ἀφ ̓ οὗ τὴν πόλιν ὀνομάζουσιν, οἱ μὲν Ἑρμοῦ παῖδα εἶναι λέγουσι, τοῖς δέ ἐστι πεποιημένα "Ωγυγον εἶναι πατέρα. V Iliad. α'. 265. Θησέα τ' Αἰγείδην ἐπιείκελον ἀθαν νάτοισι. This line occurs in Hesiod Scut. 182. from whence it was probably transferred to the copies of the Iliad. It is not commented upon by the Scholia on the Iliad, nor by Eustathius, and seems properly rejected by Wolf. w Odyss. λ. 321. Theseus is named again Ibid. 630. * Iliad. γ'. 144. Αἴθρη Πιτθῆος θυγάτηρ. Arcti nus, the earliest authority after Homer and Hesiod, understood Ethra to have been at Troy: apud Proclum Chrestom. p. 484. Gaisf. Δημο φῶν τε καὶ ̓Ακάμας Αἴθραν εὑρόντες ἄγουσι μεθ ̓ ἑαυτῶν. That Arctinus mentioned the sons of Theseus, see the tables B. C. 775. Lesches also recognised Ethra at Troy : Pausan. Χ. 25, 3. Λέσ χεως δὲ ἐς τὴν Αἴθραν ἐποίησεν, ἡνίκα ἡλίσκετο Ἴλιον, ὑπεξελθοῦσαν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον αὐτὴν ἀφικέσθαι τὸ Ἑλ λήνων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν παίδων γνωρισθῆναι τῶν Θησέως, καὶ ὡς παρ' ̓Αγαμέμνονος αἰτήσαι Δημοφῶν αὐτὴν, κ. τ. λ. y On account of this difficulty the ancient critics on Iliad γ'. 144. rejected the mention of Ethra, or adopted another interpretation : εἰ μὲν τὴν Θησέως λέγει μητέρα, ἀθετητέον· ἀπίθανον γάρ ἐστιν Ἑλένης ἀμφίπολον εἶναι τὴν οὕτως ὑπεραρχαίαν—εἰ δὲ ὁμωνυμία ἐστὶν—ἐατέον κ. τ. λ. Plutarch. Thes. c.34. οἱ δὲ τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος διαβάλλουσι. The age of Theseus may be inferred from an incident in the Iliad. Theseus was present at the battle of the Centaurs and Lapitha : Hesiod. Scut. 178185. And this action happened at the time of the birth of Polypates, who fought at Troy : Iliad. B'. 743. But this would place the birth of Theseus at least sixty years before the action of the Iliad. Hellanicus places Ethra at Troy : Schol. Eur. Hecub. 119. Ελλάνικος δὲ λέγει διὰ τοῦτο αυτ τοὺς [sc. τοὺς Θησέως παῖδας] ἀπελθεῖν ἐκεῖσε, ὥστε, εἰ μὲν ἔλοιεν Ἕλληνες τὴν Τροίαν, λάφυρον αὐτὴν καὶ γέρας λαβεῖν· εἰ δὲ μὴ, κἂν λυτρώσασθαι δώροις. Although his own account of the time is inconsistent with this; for he makes Theseus fifty years old when Helen was carried of: Schol. Iliad. γ'. 144. ὡς γὰρ ἱστορεῖ Ελλάνικος, Πειρίθους καὶ Θησεὺς—ἁρπάσαν τες τὴν Ἑλένην κομιδή νέαν παρατίθενται εἰς ̓́Αφιδναν τῆς 'Αττικῆς Αἴθρα—οἱ δὲ Διόσκουροι—Αἴθραν αἰχμαλωτί ζουσι. Plutarch. Thes. c. 31. ἤδη πεντήκοντα ἔτη γεγονώς, ὥς φησιν Ελλάνικος, ἔπραξε τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἑλένην. Other traditions, however, might have brought Theseus nearer to the Trojan times. According to Plutarch Thes. c. 6. he was said to be a youth— μειράκιον—on his arrival at Athens, when Medea was already there; which would place his arrival some time after the Argonautic expedition, and might bring his birth within fifty years of the fall of Troy. 2 Herodot. VII. 200. Δήμητρός τε ἱρὸν ̓Αμφικτυονίδος ἵδρυται, καὶ ἕδραι εἰσὶ ̓Αμφικτύοσι καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ 'Αμφικτύονος ἱρόν. a See the testimonies in F. H. III. Ρ. 619. o. Not only Anaximenes there quoted, but Androtion apud Pausan. X. 8, 1. derived the name from 'Αμφικτίονες: καταστήσασθαι δὲ συνέδριον ἐνταῦθα Ἑλλήνων οἱ μὲν ̓Αμφικτύονα τὸν Δευκαλίωνος νομίζουσι, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τοῖς συνελθοῦσιν ἐπίκλησιν ̓Αμφικτύονας γενέσθαι. ̓Ανδροτίων δὲ ἐν τῇ ̓Ατθίδι ἔφη συγγραφῇ ὡς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀφίκοντο ἐς Δελφοὺς παρὰ τῶν προσοικούντων συνεδρεύσοντες, καὶ ὀνομασθῆναι μὲν ̓Αμφικτίονας τοὺς συνελθόντας, ἐκνικῆσαι δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον τὸ νῦν σφίσιν ὄνομα. Amphictyon is mentioned in Mar. Par. No. 5. ἀ...... κτύων Δευκαλίωνος ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις καὶ συνῆγε .οὺς περὶ τὸν ὅρον οἰκοῦντας καὶ ὦ .. μασε. ̓Αμφικτύονας καὶ Π.....ν οὗ ... καὶ νῦν ἔτι θύουσιν observe a junction of Pelasgic and Hellenic races in their assembly. The Pelasgian Acrisius and the Hellenic Amphictyon share in the establishment. Among the nations who compose the league are the Ionians. And we trace in the number of the states the Ionian number twelve. But as the institution is ascribed to Amphictyon in the seventh and Acrisius in the sixth generation before the Trojan war, this account of the time supposes the existence of Ionians before the birth of Ion son of Xuthus b. ̓Αμφικτύονες, τη ΧΗΗ ΙΔΙ ΠΙΙΙ βασιλεύοντος ̓Αθηνῶν ̓Αμφικτύονος. Dionys. Ant. IV. p. 702. πάντων μά λιστα τῶν τοιούτων ἔργων τὴν ̓Αμφικτύονος τοῦ Ἕλληνος ἐπίνοιαν ἠγάσθη, ὃς ἀσθενὲς ὁρῶν καὶ ῥᾴδιον ὑπὸ τῶν περίπ οικούντων βαρβάρων ἐξαναλωθῆναι τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν γένος εἰς τὴν ἀπ' ἐκείνου κληθεῖσαν ̓Αμφικτυονικὴν σύνοδον καὶ πανήγυριν αὐτὸ συνήγαγε κ. τ. λ. b That the states were twelve in number is confirmed by Strabo IX. p. 420. Eschines Fals. Leg. p. 43. ἔθνη δώδεκα τὰ μετέχοντα τοῦ ἱεροῦ. And Schol. Pindar. Pyth. IV. 116. ̓Αμφικτύονες και λοῦνται οἱ τῶν Πυθίων ἀγωνοθέται ἐκ δώδεκα ἐθνῶν τῆς Ἑλλάδος ὄντες. Their names are given in Har pocr. v. ̓Αμφικτύονες, repeated by Suidas; in Liban. tom. III. p. 414. 2. Pausan. X. 8. Æschin. Fals. Leg. p. 43. and partly in Diod. XVI. 29. The lists of Pausanias and Eschines are not complete, and vary in some of the names from each other and from the other two. Μηλιεῖς Μηλιεῖς Δόλοπες Δόλοπες Αἰνιᾶνες Αἰνιᾶνες Δελφοί Δελφοί Φωκεῖς Δωριεῖς Περραιβοί Μάγνητες Λοκροί Οἰταῖοι Φωκεῖς Φθιῶται Λοκροὶ Ἐπικνημ. Μαλιεῖς Φωκείς Φωκεῖς Diodorus gives the following account: τῷ μὲν ἱερῷ βοηθεῖν ἔγνωσαν Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Λοκροὶ καὶ Θετταλοὶ καὶ Πεῤῥαιβοὶ, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Δωριεῖς καὶ Δόλοπες, ἔτι δὲ Αθαμᾶνες καὶ ̓Αχαιοὶ καὶ Φθιῶται καὶ Μάγνητες, ἔτι δὲ Αἰνιᾶνες, καί τινες ἕτεροι. These six are in all the four lists: Iones, Dores, Magnetes, Malienses, Phthiota, Phocenses. And except the Malians) in the narrative of Diodorus. Of these the Dores and Magnetes were Hellenic; the others were Pelasgic. To these six we may add (7) the Dolopes; mentioned by Harp. Liban. Pausan. Diod. They are marked as an Amphictyonic state by Plutarch Cimon. c. 8. Δόλοπες ᾤκουν τὴν νῆσον (τὴν Σκύρον), ἐργάται κακοὶ γῆς· ληϊζόμενοι δὲ τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ παλαιοῦΘετταλούς τινας ἐμπόρους— συλήσαντες εἶρξαν· ἐπεὶ δὲ διαδράντες ἐκ τῶν δεσμῶν οἱ ναῖον δ ̓ ἐσχατίην Φθίης Δολόπεσσιν ἀνάσσων, [II. . 480] τοὺς δ ̓ ὑπηκόους μὴ παρεῖναι. conf. p. 432. 434. Heyne ad Apollod. III. 13, 8. p. 806. properly refers them to the Pelasgic stock. In the time of Demosthenes they were of low estimation: conf. Demosth. Cor. p. 246. In the time of Augustus they were extinct: Pausan. X. 8, 2. οὐκ ἔτι ἦν Δολόπων γένος and their vote in the Amphictyonic session was given to Nicopolis. (8) The Enianes in Harpocr. Liban. Pausan. Valckenaer ad Herodot. VII. 132. proposes to add to the list of Æschines: inter nomina Ιωνας et Πεῤῥαιβούς libenter ponerem Αἰνιᾶνας. But the Οἰταῖοι of Æschines are probably (as Clavier Hist. Prem. Temps tom. II. p. 26. observes) the Ainares of the other lists. (9) The Broti are attested by Æschines as members of this assembly. (10) The Perrhæbi are in three of the lists and in Diodorus. (11) The Locri are named by Eschines and Pausanias. These eleven appear to have been among the twelve original members of the league. For the remaining state the preceding lists offer three names the Thessali in Eschines and Pausanias, the Delphi and Achæi in Harpocratio and Libanius. Mitford vol. VI. p. 235, 236. by an error which is not corrected in the last edition, and which has misled Dr. Cramer Ancient Greece vol. I. p. 345. affirms that the list from Pausanias has twelve names, the list from Harpocratio has only ten, and one of them, the Achæans, is found in neither of the others. He should have said, Pausanias has only ten names, and Harpocratio twelve. Wesseling ad Diod. XVI. 29. p. 531. also remarks ̓Αχαιοί Φθιῶται sine copula (apud Diod. l. c.) verum est-ut apud Libanium Harpocr. dictis locis. But as Harpocratio intends to give twelve names-ταῦτα δὲ ἦν δώδεκα—it is evident that he made the Achæans and Phthiota K |