In his relation to all persons in a moral system, 358 f.; the love required in God's law is primarily a free choice, 359 f., 207; character manifested in sub- ordinate choices and volitional action, 360; character, secondarily in the state of the intellect and sensibilities and in the habits, 360 f.; the rational system presupposed in moral character, 361; influence of character on subsequent determinations, 396 f.; voluntary ac- tion constantly modifies character, 397 f.; man free with whatever character, 398; actions not transitions from com- plete indetermination, 398 f.; practical result of theory of freedom of indiffer- ence, 399; a basis of uniformity of ac- tion, 399-402.
Choice, and volition, 349, 351-557. Christianity, influence on the progress of civilization, correcting Draper's misrepresentation, 328-333. Chrysippus, 41. Chrysostom, 237, 332.
Church, catholic, responsibility for me- diæval civilization, 329 f.; Guizot on, 329.
Cicero, 183, 209 f., 223, 228, 332. Circumstances, freedom from control of, 378-384.
Civilization and Christianity, 328-333. Clarke, Samuel, 491, 528, 529; significance of his a priori argument for existence of God, 203.
Clement of Alexandria, 76.
Clerk-Maxwell, 417, 418, 422, 423, 424, 496 f.,
Clifford, Prof., 20, 39, 63, 96, 128, 164, 296, 368 f., 431, 475, 524.
Climate, effect on human development,
Collard, Royer, 98, 123.
Common sense, meanings, 81.
Comte, 69, 88, 2 f., 125, 127, 137, 149, 168, 214,
305, 312, 313, 321 f., 323, 330 f., 338, 451, 468, 479, 546; his positivism as a basis for materialism, 428-434. Concrete thinking, definition, 54; scien- tific investigation principally by it, 56-59; principles underlying, 60 f.; as essential in philosophy and theology as in empirical science, 61. Conflict of physical science and theology, 319-344; origin in error or ignorance, 319-321; reconciliation by correcting error and enlarging knowledge, 321-326; alleged historical antagonism exagger- ated, 32-334; effect of Christianity on civilization, 328-333; correction of the- ological opinion may be necessary, 334;
extent and limitation of the authority of scientists as teachers, 335-337; legiti mate conflict with atheism disguised as science, 337-340; no extraordinary reason for alarm now, 340-344; har- mony from necessary relations of empirical, philosophical, and theologi- cal science, 304-319; the moral harmony and the moral conflict, 560-564. Conscience, defined, 195; categoric im- perative outstripped by love, 490, 205- 207, 276, 277. Consciousness, primitive, is knowledge of the subject, the object and the knowledge, 12, 10, 91; unity of, inex- plicable by molecular motion, 443. See Self-consciousness.
Constantine, 26.
Copernicus, 327, 333, 491.
Copula, hypostasizing, 175.
Cosmic agencies, theory that they de- termine character and civilization and disprove free-will, 372-376. Cousin, on the ideal, 251. Creation of the universe, 508-510; in what sense, 508, 510; Augustine's conception, 510; compatible with evolution and required by it, 508 f.; individuating, 513-516; not something out of nothing, 515; Buddhism contrasted with theism, 516.
Creative thought, 54-56, 227-230.
Crede ut intelligas, 76 f., 80. Criteria of primitive knowledge, 26-31; first, 26; second, 27 f.; third, 29 f.; fourth, 30 f. Hamilton's mental impo- tence, 27. Crooke, 73. Czolbe, 424.
Difference and relation, 165–167, 51. Differentiation, 49, 51, 52.
Discovery by thought, not of any ele- ment transcending experience, 72; what it discovers, 73-75; the unknown from the known, 75 f.; by induction and the Newtonian method, 61-72. Dilettantism, 41.
Disgust, emotion of, 248.
Dogmatism of scientists, 337-339.
Donne, Dr., 236.
Dorner, Dr., 76, 108, 287, 388.
Draper, Dr., 308, 326, 383; contradictions of facts in his representation of the opposition of religion to science, 329- 333; his theory of the development of civilizations by cosmic agencies, 373-
Duns Scotus, 197, 198.
Duration in time, a mode of existence, 165.
Duty, significance, 187; as mere obedi- ence to the categoric imperative of law, 205-207; Kant's ethics defective, 206; Kants' apostrophe to, 379; possible to be done in any circumstances, 378 L.
Education of the human race, 518 f. Edwards, on love and self-love, 263; on the unprecedented “infidel apostasy" of his day, 341; on freedom of the will, 363, 387, 390; on God's immanence in nature, sustaining it, 512; Calderwood's criticism of, 352 f.; the younger Ed- wards, 390.
Ego or person, the world and God the three realities known, 14 f.; Kant's transcendental ego, 99-109. Egoism and altruism, 211 f., 479 f. Eliot, George, 240, 480; Eliot, President,
Elements, or simple substances, 416. Eloquence, a virtue, 216; distinguished from acting, and not an amusement, 246.
Empirical science, definition, 294; two divisions, physical and psychological, 295, is the first grade of scientific knowl- edge, 294: proof that is so, 301 f.: proof that it must have the two divisions, 302; harmony with noetic and theolo- gical sciences, 304-319; their alleged conflict, 319-344; depends on the prin- ciples of noetic science, 8, 304 f., 122 f., 123 f., 125, 126, 430, 317-319, 15 f., 321–323. Emotions, 345, 350: instinctive or natural, 346; rational, 347.
Encyclical of Pius IX., 329.
Energy, potential and actual, the sum always the same, in what sense true, 505 f.
Energizing Reason the ground of the universe, 82-84, 448, 468–471, 420, 361. Enjoyment. (See Happiness.) Epictetus, 41, 223.
Essence, used instead of substance, 157. Ether, 417, 419.
Ethics, discussion of, 183-226; (for analy- sis, see Table of Contents, chap. ix.) Significance of ethical terms, 187-189; certainty of moral ideas and distinc- tions, 189 f.; false theories, 193-203; moral distinctions founded on the asso- ciation of ideas, 193; derived from the idea of happiness, 193; originate in the feelings, 193 f.; Moral Sense, 195; cre- ated by the fiat of God's will, 195-188; eternal in the constitution of things, independent of God, 198–203. Eudaemonism, 257.
Evil, the essential, 278: relative, 278; kingdom of Satan and of God, and their antagonism, 278 f., 521, 525 f., 527, 532–536, 564; suffering and sin in relation to God's government, 528-536.
Evolution, materialistic objection from, 455-536. (For analysis, see Contents, 80.) Ethics founded on, 216-218, 467 f., 475- 488; and creation, 472–474, 508–510. Excitement, pleasure of, not esthetic emotion, 247; morbid, 348. Existence, modes of, 158-167. Experience, of the individual not the origin of rational intuition, 135–137; nor that of the race, 137-142; knowledge not confined to, 73-75, 450, 15-17; knowl- edge begins in experience, 10, 17, 72 f.,
Extension in space, 162 f.
Eye, Tyndall on its evolution, 462.
Faculties of the mind, 45, 78, 32 1. Fairchild, Prof., 200. Faith, present commonly in human action, 37 f.; and intelligence, 76 f., 79 f.; synthesis of reason and, 7 f., 9; used with various meanings, 79-81; faith- faculty, 7, 77–79.
Fallibility and knowledge, 20-26. Fancy, 55, 228.
Faraday, 454, 499.
Feeling, willing and knowing, 31-43; dis- tinct but not separate, 31 f.; philosophy must recognize this, 32-35; feeling and willing not in themselves, criteria of knowledge, 34 f.: are so with certain
qualifications; their relation to knowl- edge, 35-38; errors of skepticism from overlooking, 38-43; false conception of the love of truth, or the scientific spirit, 39 f.; relation of right moral and re- ligious spirit to the scientific spirit, 43; feeling a source of knowledge, 348; feel- ings not the basis of ethical distinc- tions, 193-195; nor of æsthetics, 243; nor of the prudential feelings and self-re- spect, 283. (See Sensibilities and Emo- tions.)
Felix, Minucius, 220.
Ferrier, Prof., David, 440; Prof. J. F., 145. Fetichism, 25, 556. Feuerbach, 174.
Fichte, I. H., 174, 214, 314, 428; J. G. Fichte, 20, 49, 76, 168, 169, 273, 388.
Final cause, 38 f., 502 f.; Lord Bacon on, 304.
Finite and infinite. (See Absolute ;) limitation and quantity, 165; finite beings real, 174 f., 507 f.; finite and in- finite not the same as phenomenal and real, 515; objections to theism from finiteness not valid, 518-531; finite persons essential to a moral system, 526; finiteness of knowledge, 22. Fiske, Prof. John, 112, 149, 298, 420, 439 f., 451, 462, 469, 489, 492, 501 f., 559, 449. Flammantia moenia mundi, 192, 516. Flint, Prof. Robert, 184. Flourens, Gustave, 486.
Force and matter, some other cause necessary to account for the universe, 420-424, and to account for personality, 424 f.; force, matter and motion said by Spencer to be eternal, 472, 497. Force, persistence of, does not account for gravitation, 421 f.; nor cohesion and chemical affinity, 423 f.; need of something more recognized by scien- tists, 424 f.
Force, persistence of, materialistic objec- tion founded on it, 434-454. (For analy- sis, see Contents, 79; see Power.) Form and matter, 152 f. Franklin, B., 67, 68. Free agent, defined, 409; known in self- consciousness, 98 f.; power of finite free agents circumscribed by the Absolute Reason, energizing in expressing eter- nal truths and realizing the archetypal plan, 524-526.
Freedom, different meanings, 386-389. Freedom of the will, or moral freedom, definition, 361; inheres in rationality, 361 f.; is the capacity of choosing in the light of reason, 363; different defi- nition of Edwards, 363, power of con- trary choice, 363; knowledge of free will of the highest certainty, 365-370;
Genius, anticipations of, 71, 72. Gladstone, 85.
God, known in experience, 1; is energiz- ing reason, 8, 81-84, 448, 468-471, 420; es- sentially the same in kind with man's reason, 8, 82, 182 f., 143-151; universe grounded therein, 83, 171, 426; necessary to science, keystone of the arch of scientific knowledge, 560-564, 312-314, 82 f., 361; Creator, 508-510, 515; is the prius of the universe, 172; is a personal being 178, 291 f., 506 f., 527 f.; immanently ac- tive in the universe, 510-513, 550; re- veals himself in the finite, 513-516; not creating something out of nothing, 515; realizing the eternal archetypal plan, 516-518; progressively realizing it, 518-523; in uniform and continuous action according to law, not with ca- price, 523-526, 529, 530; determinate but not limited, 176-178; his existence con- sistent with scientific evolution, 468- 471; demanded by it, 502-537; almighti- ness regulated by reason, 198, 523, 526, 529, 530, 561, 562; is Love, 526 f.; with all rational creatures in a rational sys- tem, 361, 526 f., 560; confessions of great scientists, 327 f.; resting-place of the intellect, 203; eternity and immensity, 202 f.
Goethe, 13, 228, 239, 244, 249, 273, 324, 336, 381, 511, 549.
Golden rule by heathen writers, 222. Good, the, fourth ultimate idea of reason, 256-285 (for analysis see Contents, chap. xi.), 154, 180.
Government, defined, 189.
Grades or planes, series of in evolution, 495-502 (for analysis see Contents, 280, V. 4-9).
Grades of scientific knowledge, 293-344 (for analysis see Contents, chap. xiii.). Gravitation, 124, 418, 421-423; law of, when discovered, regarded as atheistic, 491.
Gray, Prof. Asa, 460.
Green, Prof. T. H., 8 f., 79. Griffin, Gen., 482 f.
Grove, W. R., 159, 413, 419. Guizot, 329.
Haeckel, Prof., 303, 339, 435, 459, 461, 466, 476, 480.
Hafiz of Shiraz, 222.
Hall, Dr. Marshall, 334.
Hamilton, Sir Wm., 18, 21, 27, 35, 41, 51,
58, 79 f., 115, 129, 133, 289, 365, 390 f. Happiness, in what sense used; distin- guished from well-being, 256; the good does not consist in it alone, 257, 258-266; not of the same kind and equal worth, 263-266; essential in well-being, 256, 274 f.; desire of, as a motive, 347 f.; not the one ultimate motive, 260–263, 482; not a basis for true ethics, 193, 476 f., 481-486. Hargreaves, 55.
Harmony with self, God and the uni- verse as essential good, 274; of the sys- tems of nature and spirit, 560, 562 f., 415-418, 418-420; redemption of nature, 563, 564; harmony of theological, noetic and empirical science, 304-344 (see Con- tents, 60, 61.)
Harrison, Fred., the great Human Being, 150.
Hartmann, 199, 215, 424. Harvey, 55, 333.
Hazard, 354.
Heathen, agreement with Christianity as to the real principle of the law, 221– 226; exaggerated assertions of, 220; con- trast, 329-333.
Hedonism, defined and refuted, 257-266 (see Contents, 48), 347 f., 193, 476 f., 481- 486.
Hegel, 18, 109, 169 f., 175 f., 199, 290. Hege- lianism in Christian theism, 529, 174-176. Hellwald, 477.
Helmholz, Prof., 110, 119, 123. Helvetius, 435.
Heraclitus, 509.
Heredity, 138 f., 444 f., 498.
Heroism, no ground for it in ethics of materialism, 483.
Herschel, Sir John, 419, 498. Hesiod, 127.
History, purpose in, 376.
Hobbes, 53, 197; hypostasizing the cop- ula, 175.
Holiness, predicated of persons, 188. Holmes, O. W., on freedom of will, 277.
Homogeneous, Spencer's, 455, 464, 472, 495. Hopkins, Mark, 204.
Horne, Bp., on atheism implied in the law of gravitation, 491.
Human Being, the great, Positivist wor- ship of, 150.
Humboldt, Alex. von, 315.
Hume, 65, 88, 95, 100-103, 125, 143, 149, 190, 194, 432, 557, 558.
Hutcheson, Moral Sense, 195.
Huxley, 39, 47, 95, 297, 339, 369, 418, 429, 431, 432, 435 f., 459, 466, 548. Hylozoism, 424.
Hypermaterial power revealed in evolu- tion, 501 f.
Hypothetical or Newtonian method, 65- 72. (See Contents, g 14, II. 1-8.)
Ideas of reason, ultimate. (See Realities.) Ideals, 227-230 (see Contents, 41); created by imagination, 55, 228; importance in thought and action, 55, 56, 67, 69, 229 f. ; nearer perfection than the real object, 228; revealed in beautiful works of art, 230 f.; revealed in the cosmos and natural things, 234-238; archetypal ideals progressively revealed by God's action in the universe, 516–523. Idealism, subjective, involves universal skepticism, 125 f., 431-433; Berkeley's consistently held the reality of spirit, man and God, 432, 556; phenomenalism, materialism and idealism each ex- cluded, 167–171.
Identity, and individuality, 160 f.; known in self-consciousness, 97 L. Iliad, an illustration, 316 f. Imagination, 54–56, 67, 227–230. Immanence of God in the universe, 510- 513.
Implicit consciousness, 91, 12, 10. Inconceivable, the, distinguished from the unthinkable and unknowable, 28. Individual, rights of, in relation to the state, materialistic doctrine contrasted with the Christian, 477-481, 328-333. Individuality, of a person, not partici- pated with another, loneliness of, 414; and identity, 160; and otherness, 161 f.; in logic and in the concrete reality, 161 f.; three ultimate units of thought, 162.
Individuating, theistic conception and Buddhistic, 513–516, 211, 221. Induction, simple or Baconian, 61-65; the Newtonian or hypothetical me- thod, 65-72. (See Contents, 14.) Infallibility not essential to knowledge, 20-26.
Infinite; see Finite and Absolute. Influence, of motives, 389-396; distin- guished from force, 392, 393. Innate ideas, 116 f.
Instinct, 346, 538-542, 506. Integration, 51.
Intellect, definition, 44; connection with the practical side of human nature, 32- 35; its acts and processes, 44-87. (See Contents, chap iii.)
Intelligence, an element contributed by the mind, which is active, not passive, 44 f., 89 f.; lapsed, 488-490. Intuition, definition and classification, 45-47 (see Contents, 10); relation to thought, 49, 72-81. (See Contents, 2 15.) Intuition, presentative or perceptive, 88- 113; sense-perception, 88-91; self-con- sciousness, 91-113. (See Contents, chap. iv.)
Intuition, rational, 114–151. (See Contents, chap. V.)
Jacobi, F. H., 76, 108 f., 148, 384. Janet, 125, 300.
Jeffrey, theory of the beautiful, 251 f. Jenner, Dr., 333.
Jevons, Prof., 58, 63, 70, 74, 84, 391, 419. Jones, Sir Wm., 221 f.
Jurisprudence, 189. Juvenal, 120, 484.
Kames, Lord, limits beauty to the visible,
Kant, nebular hypothesis, 71, 459; three questions of philosophy, 84, 181; thing in itself, separation of phenomenon and noumenon, 99-109 (see Contents ? 20), 120, 297; antinomies, 128-135 (see Contents, 25, vi.), 390 f.; matter and form, 152 f.; categories, 152, 154; Ego a synthetic unity of apperceptions, 169, 49; space and time, 163, 202; ethics, 206, 358, 218, 230, 267, 269, 272; historical issues, 102, 174, 169–171; practical reason, 351,361; classification of mental powers, 365; and Hume, 557 f.; contents in con- sciousness for the idea of God, 15, 288, 552; comparison of the starry heavens and the moral law, 426 f.; apostrophe to duty, 379; intuition and thought, 89; necessity, 369. Kepler, 55, 246, 327 f. Kingsley, Canon, 116. Knowing, in relation to feeling and will- ing, 31-43, (see Contents, ? 8); acts and processes of, 44-87. (See Contents, chap. iii.)
Knowledge, what, 10; reality of, 11-20; primitive datum of human conscious- ness, 11-17; complete agnosticism in- admissible, 17-20; and fallibility, 20-26; criteria of primitive, 26-31, (see Contents,
3-7); relativity of, 109-113; is ontolo- gical in its beginning, 167 f., 154; begins as knowledge of personal and imper- sonal, 167-171; begins as knowledge of determinate being, 171-175; scientific distinguished from unscientific, 293 f.; three grades of scientific, 293-344; must pass through each to learn all that may be known of anything, 299 f.
Labor, heathen and Christian estimate, 330-333.
Lactantius, 221.
Lamettrie, 435, 540, 544.
Lange, F. A., 71, 92, 125, 148, 309, 315, 413, 425, 428, 436, 440, 442, 446, 451. Laplace, 71, 452, 458.
Law, general significance, 185-187; defl- nition, 185; laws to intellectual and physical power, 185 f.; determine what is possible to power, the absurd cannot be realized, 185; right and wrong, 185; law of nature, 185 f.; moral law, 186; ethical significance of law and right, 186; ethical terms defined, 187-190; moral law universal, immutable, im- perative, 190-193; law not from the will of God, but eternal in the absolute Reason, 195-198; not primarily in the constitution of things, but eternal in the divine Reason, 198-203; the formal principle of the law, 203-205; real prin- ciple of the law, 203 f., 205-207; the law of love is the real principle of the law, 207-226. (See Contents, 39.) Lecky, 39.
Le Conte, Prof., 417, 503, 512, 521. Leibnitz, 109, 125, 140, 161, 198, 475, 556; his principle of sufficient reason, 59, 84. Leopardi, 215.
Le Sage, 422.
Lessing, 26, 41.
Lewes, 21, 72, 74, 298, 318, 338, 430 f., 435, 488, 543, 552, 553.
Lewis, Prof. Tayler, 545.
Life, beginning of, see Abiogenesis; not a mode of motion, 547 f.; high order of power, 499 f.; Spencer's definition, 493. Lillie, 221. Limitation, and quantity, 165; not in- volved in determinateness, 176; of good involved in finiteness, 530 f. Linnæus, 327.
Locke, John, 8, 81, 116, 122, 193, 265, 432. Lockyer, 74.
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