made. (Art. 4.) Two thousand dollars in goods and mechanics' tools as payment. (Art. 5.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 6.)

Proclaimed May 4, 1802.1

Treaty made at Fort Confederation, on the Tombigbee River, October 17, 1802.

Boundary line between United States and Choctaw to be re-marked. (Art. 1.) Land between the Chickasawhay, Mobile, and Tombigbee Rivers ceded to United States forever, in consideration of $1. (Art. 2.) Boundary near mouth of Yazoo River to be altered. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.) Proclaimed January 20, 1803.2

Treaty made at Hoe Buckintoopa, August 1, 1803.

Boundary line of cessions of preceding treaty established and following presents acknowledged in payment: Fifteen pieces of strouds, three rifles, one hundred and fifty blankets, two hundred and fifty pounds of powder, one bridle, one man's saddle, one black silk handkerchief.

Proclaimed December 26, 1803.3

Treaty made at Mount Dexter, November 16, 1805.

Further cessions on the Chickasawha and Pearl Rivers and their tributaries, and tracts reserved for individual Choctaws. (Art. 1.) Fifty thousand five hundred dollars in payment; $48,000 of which to discharge debts due traders, $2,500 to pay loss to persons named, and $3,000 annually in goods. (Art. 2.) Annuity of $150 granted to three chiefs, besides gifts of $1,500 each. (Art. 3.) Boundary to be surveyed. (Art. 5.) Lease granted for establishments on roads through Choctaw country hereby confirmed. (Art. 6.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 7.) Proclaimed February 25, 1808.4

Treaty made at Choctaw Trading House, October 24, 1816.

Cessions made on the Tombigbee River. (Art. 1.) Payment of $6,000 annually for twenty years, and $10,000 in merchandise at signing of treaty. (Art. 2.) Proclaimed December 30, 1816.5

Treaty made at Doaks Stand, October 18, 1820.

Cessions.-Cessions on and east of the Mississippi River. (Art. 1.)

Reservation.-United States cede to the Cherokees a tract between the Arkansas and Red Rivers. (Art. 2.)

Survey.-Boundaries to be established. (Art. 3.) Boundaries east of Mississippi to remain until Choctaws become capable of citizenship. Congress to lay off to each individual a parcel of land. (Art. 4.)

Removal.-Each warrior removing west to receive a blanket, kettle, gun, etc., and corn for self and family while travelling thither and for one year's subsistence. (Art. 5.) Agent and blacksmith guaranteed to those moving west of Mississippi. (Art. 6.) School fund.-Fifty-four sections of ceded land to be sold to make a school fund. Three-quarters to be appropriated to schools east, and one-quarter to schools west of Mississippi. (Art. 7.) Also additional tract sold to make a fund equal to $6,000 a year for school purposes. (Art. 8.)

Individual tracts and payments.—Indians choosing to remain on ceded land may have one square mile, including improvements. (Art. 9.) An equivalent paid for improveUnited States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 66. 2 Ibid., p. 73. 3 Ibid.,

ments to those who remove. (Art. 10.) Choctaw soldiers in the Pensacola campaign to be paid what is due over the value of the blanket, shirt, flap, and leggings which have been delivered. (Art. 11.) Whisky traffic to cease. (Art. 12.) Choctaws to organize corps of light horse to act as police. (Art. 13.) Annuity granted to chief. (Art. 14.) Peace to continue. (Art. 15.) Treaty binding when ratified. Proclaimed January 8, 1821.1

Treaty made at Washington, January 20, 1825.

Cession and boundary.-All land lying east of a line beginning on the Arkansas 100 paces east of Fort Smith, thence due south to the Red River, hereby ceded back to United States; said line to be the permanent boundary between the United States and the Choctaws; United States to remove citizens west of line and prevent future settlements. (Art. 1.)

Payments.-Six thousand dollars to be paid annually forever. The sum to be applied for schools for twenty years. After that, invested in stocks. (Art. 2.) In lieu of agreement of article 8 of the treaty of October 18, 1820, $6,000 to be paid for sixteen years. (Art. 3.)

Sales permitted.-Tracts set apart by ninth section of said treaty may, with the consent of the President, be conveyed by the Indians in fec-simple. Four other tracts granted with similar provision. (Art. 4.)

Debts and claims paid.-United States agrees to relinquish trading debts of Choctaws. (Art. 5.) The sum of $14,972.50 paid to soldiers for Pensacola campaign. (Art. 6.) Modification of fourth article of treaty of October 18, 1820, by adding, "with consent of the Choctaw Nation." (Art. 7.) The sum of $2,000 paid for spoliations committed by citizens. (Art. 8.)

Agent and blacksmith for Choctaws west of Mississippi. (Art. 9.) Peace maintained. (Art. 11.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 12.) Proclaimed February 19, 1825.o

Treaty made at Dancing Rabbit Creek, September 27, 1830.

Peace maintained. (Art. 1.)

Reservation patented.-Choctaw territory west of Mississippi conveyed to Choctaws, in fee-simple. (Art. 2.)

Cessions and removal.-Indians cede all their country east of Mississippi, and agree to remove between 1831 and 1833. (Art. 3.)

Self-government.-Choctaws to govern themselves. (Art. 4.)

United States protection.-United States to protect them. (Arts. 5, 7.)

Punishment of offenders.-Any Choctaw committing an act of violence against citizens to be delivered up to United States. (Art. 6.) Offenders against laws of States or United States to be delivered up by the Choctaws. (Art. 8.) Citizens of the United States may be expelled from Choctaw territory. (Art. 9.) Intruders removed and thieves of both races to be punished. (Art. 12.)

Traders, roads, and agent.—Traders to have written permit. (Art. 10.) United States to establish post-offices, military posts, roads, etc. (Art. 11.) Agent provided. (Art. 13.)

Citizens.-Choctaws desiring to remain east and become citizens may do so. Such persons not to lose rights of a Choctaw citizen except being entitled to share in annuity. (Art. 14.)

Payments, annuities, agency, and provisions.-Certain tracts heretofore granted to be sold by their owners. Annuities to chiefs for twenty years, and payment for other officers. (Art. 15.) United States to remove the Indians in wagons or steam-boats, and support them for one year, and shall take their cattle, paying in money or delivering an equivalent in stock. (Art. 16.) In addition to other annuities, $20,000 for twenty years. (Art. 17.) Ceded lands to be surveyed. (Art. 18.) Tracts reserved to indi

United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 210.

2 Ibid., p. 234.

viduals. (Art. 19.) United States to maintain forty youths at school, to erect councilhouse and house for each chief, church for three districts; also $2,500 to be paid annually for support of three teachers for twenty years. Three blacksmiths to be furnished for sixteen years, millwright for five years. Besides gifts of merchandise. (Art. 20.) Annuities to twenty warriors who fought with General Wayne. (Art. 21.) Request to have a delegate in the House of Representatives submitted to Congress. (Art. 22.) Further provisions of land to individuals. (Arts. 2 and 4, supplementary.) Exploring party to go west of the Mississippi authorized. (Art. 3, supplementary.) Two square miles of land granted to trader for debts. (Art. 4, supplementary.) Supplementary treaty, September 28, 1830. Proclaimed February 24, 1831.1

Treaty between Choctaws and Chickasaws, made at Doaksville, Choctaw country, January 17, 1837.2

See Chickasaw treaty same date, p. 393.

Treaty between Choctaws and Chickasaws, made at Doaksville, November 4, 1854.3

See Chickasaw treaty same date, p. 394.

Treaty between United States, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, made at Washington, June 22, 1855.4

See Chickasaw treaty same date, p. 394.

Treaty between United States, Choctaws and Chickasaws made at Washington, April 28 1866.5

See Chickasaw treaty same date, p. 395.

CREEK RESERVATION.

How established.-By treaty of February 14, 1833, June 14, 1885, and deficiency appropriation act of August 5, 1882. (See Annual Report, 1882, p. 54.)

Area and survey.-Contains 3,040,495 acres, of which 1,000,000 are classed as tillable. Outboundaries surveyed."

Acres cultivated.-Not reported separately."

Tribes and population.-The tribe living here is the Creek. Population, 14,000.8

Location.-See treaties for location.

The government of the Creek is similar to that of the Cherokee Nation, already given. The nation is divided into six districts.

1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, pp. 333–340. 3 Ibid., Vol. X, p. 1116.

2 Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 573. 5 Ibid., Vol. XIV, p. 769. Ibid., p. 290.

Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 611.

7 Ibid., p. 259.

6 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1884, p. 308.

Harold Institute (Methodist) Muscogee, accommodation..
Presbyterian school, Tulsa, accommodation

Kane's school (colored) Agency Hill, Muscogee..
Private schools at Muscogee, Eufaula, etc.'.

SYNOPSIS OF TREATIES WITH THE CREEK INDIANS.

Treaty made at New York, August 7, 1790.

20

Peace established. (Art. 1.) Supremacy of United States acknowledged. (Art. 2.) Prisoners and property restored. (Art. 3.) Northern and eastern boundaries established, beginning where old line strikes Savannah River, thence up to the top of Oc-cun-na Mountain, thence south-west to Cur-ra-hee Mountain, thence to the source of south branch of Oconee, and on down to the old line on Altamaha River; thence south to St. Mary's River. All land north and east of above boundary ceded. Goods delivered, and $1,500 annuity granted. (Art. 4.) All land west and south guaranteed to Creek Nation. (Art. 5.) On which no citizen to settle (Art. 6) or hunt. (Art. 7.) Indians to deliver up criminals. (Art. 8.) Citizens committing crimes against Indians to be punished. (Art. 9.) Retaliation restrained. (Art. 10.) Indians to give notice of designs against United States. (Art. 11.) Domestic animals and implements to be furnished from time to time by the United States. (Art. 12.) Animosities to cease. (Art. 13.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 14.) Proclaimed August 13, 1790.2

Treaty at Coleraine, June 29, 1796.

Preceding treaty to be binding. (Art. 1.) Boundary line to be marked. (Art. 2.) Military and trading post to be established south of Altamaha River and near Oconee River. (Arts. 3 and 4.) President of United States to co-operate with Spain and the chiefs in fixing boundaries. (Art. 5.) Creeks relinquish any claim to territory ceded to Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Cherokees by treaties at Holston. (Art. 6.) Prisoners to be given up. (Art. 7.) Six thousand dollars worth of goods as presents. Also two blacksmiths to be employed. (Art. 8.) Animosities to cease. (Art. 9.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 10.)

Proclaimed March 18, 1797.3

1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. lxxii. 2 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 35. 3 Ibid., p. 56.

Treaty made at Fort Wilkinson, June 16, 1802.

Cessions on the Altamaha, Ocmulgee, and Appalachee Rivers. (Art. 1.) Three thousand dollars annually, $1,000 to chiefs for ten years and $10,000 in gift of goods, $10,000 in payment of debts, $5,000 to satisfy claims, and blacksmith furnished for three years. (Art. 2.) Garrisons to be maintained. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.)

Proclaimed January 11, 1803.1

Treaty made at Washington, November 14, 1805.

Military and trading post to be esTwelve thousand dollars (Art. 3.) In lieu of former (Art. 4.) Boundaries to be

Cessions on the Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers. tablished. (Art. 1.) Road to Mobile granted. (Art. 2.) paid for eight years and $11,000 for ten years succeeding. agreements, two blacksmiths furnished for eight years. defined. (Art. 5.)

Proclaimed June 2, 1806.2

Treaty made at Fort Jackson, August 9, 1814.

As equivalent for the expenses of the recent war with the Creek Nation the Indians cede lands on the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. The improvements of any friendly Indians within ceded territory to be reserved, and boundary line to be run. (Art. 1.) All land east and north of said line guaranteed to Creeks. (Art. 2.) Intercourse with the British and Spanish posts to cease. (Art.3.) United States to establish military posts. (Art. 4.) All property taken to be surrendered to United States. (Art. 5.) Instigators of war to be given up. (Art. 6.) Corn to be supplied until crops are secured. (Art. 7.) Permanent peace established. (Art. 8.) Lines of Creek territory defined. (Art. 9.)

Proclaimed February 16, 1815.3

Treaty made at Creek Agency, Flint River, June 22, 1818.

Two tracts ceded on Altamaha River and Appalachee and Chattahooche Rivers. (Art. 1.) Twenty thousand dollars to be paid at once, and $10,000 for ten succeeding years. (Art. 2.) Two blacksmiths furnished for three years. (Art. 3.) Boundary lines run and treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.)

Proclaimed March 28, 1818.4

Treaty made at Indian Spring, January 8, 1821.

Cessions on the Flint and Chattahooche Rivers. (Art. 1.) Certain tracts in ceded country to continue in possession of present Creek occupants. (Art. 2.) Tract for agency set aside on Flint River to revert to United States when agency shall be removed. (Art. 3.) Ten thousand dollars paid down and $40,000 divided into fourteen annual payments. Also balance due State of Georgia by the Creek Nation for property taken or destroyed prior to 1802, not exceeding $250,000. (Art. 4.) Boundary lines to be run. (Art. 5.)

Proclaimed March 2, 1821.5

Treaty made at Mineral Spring, January 8, 1821.

Claims against the Creek Nation and against citizens referred to decision of President. Commissioners of Georgia release the Creeks from claims prior to 1802 for $250,000 and transfer said claims to United States.