POTTAWATOMIE AND GREAT NEMAHA AGENCY, KANSAS. IOWA RESERVATION. How established.-By treaties of May 17, 1854, and of March 6, 1861. Area and survey.-Contains 16,000 acres, of which 14,500 are classed as tillable. Out boundaries surveyed.' Acres cultivated.-Contains 4,399 acres cultivated by Indians,' as re ported in 1886. Tribes and population.-The tribes living here are the Iowa, and Sac and Fox, of Missouri. Population, 3424 in 1886. Location. The reservation is in the south-eastern part of Nebraska, and extends over the border into Kansas. A portion of the land is excellent for grazing and farming, interspersed with streams and well tim bered.5 No statistics of agency officials given. The Indians maintain shops. School population of Iowa and Sac and Fox, as estimated in 1886.......... Accommodation. Average attendance.. Session (months).... Cost to Government 50 50 26 11 $3,697.02 Missionary work.-Not reported. SYNOPSIS OF IOWA TREATIES. Treaty with the Iowas, made at Portage des Sioux September 16, 1815. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 136.) See similar Sioux treaty, page 262. Treaty with the Iowas, made at Washington August 4, 1824. Indians cede to United States all land east of a line running from the mouth of the Kansas River north 100 miles to the north-west boundary of Missouri, and thence to the Mississippi. (Art. 1.)8 Five hundred dollars paid in cash or merchandise and $500 annually for ten years. (Art. 2.) Indians not to settle or hunt upon ceded land. (Art. 3.) Protection of the United States acknowledged. (Art. 4.) Blacksmith provided; also farming implements and cattle as President may determine to be expedient. (Art. 5.) Annuities stipulated to be paid in cash, merchandise, or stock. (Art. 6.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 7.) Proclaimed January 18, 1825. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 231.) See treaty of August 19, 1825, page 263. Treaty with the Iowa and other tribes, made at Prairie du Chien, Michigan Territory, August 19, 1825. See Sioux treaty same date, p. 263. (United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 272.) 2 Ibid., p. 261. 3 Ibid., 1886, p. Ibid., 1886, p. 162. * Ibid., p. xcii. 1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1884, p. 310. 430. 4 Ibid., p. 400. Ibid., 1882, p. 93. See similar cession by Sac and Fox treaty, August 4, 1824. Treaty with the Iowa and other tribes, made at Prairie du Chien, Michigan Territory, July 15, 1830. See Sioux treaty same date, page 265.1 Treaty with the Iowas and Sac and Fox Indians, made at Fort Leavenworth September 17, 1836. Indians cede to the United States their land lying between the State of Missouri and the Missouri River; $7,500 paid. (Art. 1.) Four hundred sections of land lying north of the Kickapoo land and between the Grand Nemaha and Missouri Rivers set apart for said tribes. Upper half for Iowas, lower half to Sac and Fox. (Art. 2.) United States to assist in removing, to build houses, and break ground, and to furnish stock, farmer, blacksmith, school master, and interpreter as long as President may deem proper. Also mill and agricultural implements for five years. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.) Proclaimed February 15, 1837.2 Treaty with the Iowas, made at St. Louis November 23, 1837. Indians cede all rights in land ceded by treaty of July 15, 1830. (Art. 1.) Two thousand five hundred dollars in horses and goods. (Art. 2.) United States to pay expenses of treaty. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.) Proclaimed February 21, 1838.3 Treaty with the Iowa Indians, made at the Great Nemaha October 19, 1838. Iowas cede all land between the Missouri and Mississippi as claimed in treaty of August 19, 1825. All claims under treaty of August 4, 1824; July 15, 1830; and September 17, 1836, except the securing of two hundred sections of land, the erection of five houses, breaking 200 acres, ferry boat, 100 cows, 205 head of stock, and mill and interpreter, ceded. (Art. 1.) Sum of $157,500 invested at 5 per cent. Portion of income to be applied for blacksmith, and $50 annually out of tribal funds to interpreter for life. Education under direction of President. (Art. 2.) Ten additional houses to be erected. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 4.) Proclaimed March 2, 1839.4 Treaty with the Iowas, made at Washington May 17, 1854. Iowas cede all the territory set apart by the treaty of September 17, 1836, except the following tract: From the mouth of the Great Nemaha, down the Missouri to the mouth of No-land's Creek, thence due south 1 mile, thence due west to south fork of Nemaha, down said fork with its meanders to Great Nemaha, thence with the meanders of said river to the place of beginning. This country to be the permanent home of the Iowa Indians. (Art. 1.) United States to survey and sell the ceded territory, as described. (Arts. 2 and 3.) Any territory belonging to the Sac and Fox included within the Iowa Reservation, an equal amount to be set apart for them. (Art. 4.) Proceeds from sale, exclusive of expenses, to be invested and applied to civilization and education and religious culture of the Iowas. (Art. 5.) Iowa Reservation to be surveyed and allotted. Congress to provide for issuing patents with restrictions. (Art. 6.) The Iowas grant 320 acres to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, and 160 acres to be of timber. President to issue patents. Also grant of 320 acres to their interpreter. (Art. 7.) Private debts not to be paid out of general fund. (Art. 8.) Sum of $100,000 of amount provided in article 2, treaty of October 19, 1838, to be expended in two payments for agricultural improvements. Remainder to remain as trust fund. Interest to be used for education. (Art. 9.) Right to conUnited States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 328. 2 Ibid., p. 511. 3 Ibid. struct roads on usual terms. Railroads to compensate in money. (Art. 10.) Introduction of ardent spirits to be suppressed. Indians to live at peace. (Art. 11.) United States released from all claims under former treaties. Indians to remove within six months. In consideration, United States to pay $5,000. (Art. 12.) President and Congress to make provisions for managing tribe. (Art. 13.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 14.) Proclaimed July 17, 1854.1 Treaty with the Iowas and Sac and Fox Indians, made at the Great Nemaha Agency, Nebr., March 6, 1861. Sac and Fox cede a tract of their reservation, estimated to contain 32,098 and fraction acres. (Art. 1.) Land to be surveyed and sold and improvements appraised. Of the proceeds, after deducting expenses, one-half to be held in trust, interest at 5 per cent., for the benefit of Sac and Fox, of Missouri. (Art. 2.) The Iowa tribe cede for the benefit of the Sac and Fox a reservation as follows: Beginning where No-Heart's Creek crosses the southern line of the Iowa Reservation; thence with said line to the South Fork of the Nemaha ; down the middle of said river to its mouth and to the middle of the Great Nemaha; down the middle of said river to a point opposite the mouth of No-Heart's Creek; and thence down the middle of No-Heart's Creek to the place of beginning. In consideration of said cession, Iowas to receive the other half of interest on proceeds of sale of land ceded in article 1. (Art. 3.) Grants to individuals. (Art. 4.) United States to expend for Sac and Fox $1,000 for erection of school-house and house for teacher, and $200 per annum, as long as the President deems advisable; and for Iowa tribe $300 per annum for school purposes, to be paid out of funds appropriated for civilization of Indians. (Art. 5.) One section set apart for agency, council-house, school-house, and shops and farms. (Art. 6.) No person not a member of either tribe shall sojourn on reservation without written permit from agent. (Art. 7.) Former treaties not inconsistent with this to remain in force. (Art. 8.) Treaty binding when ratified. (Art. 9.) Secretary to expend $3,500 out of proceeds of sale, and to build bridge across Great Nemaha River, near Roy's Ferry, for Iowa Indians. Same amount for similar bridge across same river near Wolf's village for Sac and Fox. Tolls to be used for repairs and for Indians respectively. (Art. 10.) Annuities may be paid in such articles as Congress directs. (Art. 11.) Amended February 6, 1863; assented to March 4, 1863; proclaimed March 26, 1863. An act to provide for the sale of the Sac and Fox and Iowa Indian Reservations, in the States of Kansas and Nebraska, and for other purposes, March 3, 1885.3 An act of March 3, 1885, provides, that with the consent of a majority of the chiefs, headmen, and male adults of the Sac and Fox of the Missouri and the Iowa tribes of Indians, expressed in open council, the Secretary of the Interior may cause to be surveyed and sold the reservation of these Indians. The lands to be appraised by three commissioners, one of whom shall be selected by the two tribes of Indians, the other two appointed by the Secretary. (Sec. 1.) Lands to be sold to the highest bidder, at not less than the appraised value, or less than $8 per acre, to actual settlers. The improvements made by the Indians or United States to be appraised separately. All purchases limited to 160 acres except in case of fractional excess. Manner of payment also provided for. (Sec. 2.) Any Indian electing to remain upon lauds occupied by him at the passage of this act may have 160 acres, if the head of a family; 80 acres if a single man; the land to include his improvements, and "to be accepted in full satisfaction of his interest in and to said reservation and of the money or funds realized from the sale thereof," 1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 1069. 2 Ibid., Vol. XII, p. 1171. 3 Ibid., Vol. XXIII, p. 351. such person to receive a certificate that the United States will hold the said land in trust for twenty-five years, and at the end of that period convey the land "in fee, discharged of said tract and free of all charge or incumbrance whatsoever." Any conveyance or contract made touching the land during the period of trust to be null and void. Such lands during trust period not to be subject to taxation, alienation, or forced sale, under execution or otherwise. (Sec. 3.) The proceeds of the sale of Indian improvements to be paid to the Indians to whom such belonged. Proceeds of the United States improvements to be paid into the Treasury of the United States. Proceeds of the lands to be deposited in the United States Treasury, and to bear interest at 4 per cent.; the income to be annually expended for the benefit of said Indians, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. (Sec. 4.) With the consent of the Indians the Secretary may secure other reservation lands, and "expend such sum as may be necessary for their comfort and advancement in civilization." (Sec. 5.) Patent for the reservation to be selected may be issued to said tribes. (Sec. 6.) Said patents to be held in trust by the United States "for the sole use and benefit" of said tribes. (Sec. 7.) Whenever Indians residing on the reservation provided for by sections 6 and 7 shall so desire, they may have their land allotted in severalty, 160 acres to each head of a family; each single person over twenty-one years, 80 acres; each minor, 40 acres. (Sec. 8.) Certificates to be issued for such allotments to be of the same character as provided in section 3. (Sec. 9.) The Secretary may, "with the consent of the Indians, expressed in open council," remove said tribes to the reservation or reservations secured for them, and expend such sums as necessary. Sums of $10,000, or as much of said amount as necessary, appropriated for the payment of such expenses, and for the expenses of survey, appraisement, and sale. The amount expended to be reimbursed to the United States out of the first proceeds of sales of said lands. (Sec. 10.)1 SAC AND FOX RESERVATIONS. How established.-By treaties of May 18, 1854,2 and of March 6, 1861;3 acts of Congress approved June 10, 1872; and August 15, 1876.5 Area and survey.-Contains 8,003 acres (includes 2,682.03 acres in Kansas). Surveyed." Acres cultivated.-Eighteen hundred acres cultivated by the Indians." Tribes and population.-Sac and Fox of the Missouri. Total population, 94.8 Location.-Situated in the south-eastern part of Nebraska and crossing the border into Kansas. The land adapted to agriculture and grazing. No statistics given of these Indians; they are in about the same condition as their neighbors, the Iowa tribe. The school population, accommodation, attendance, and support statistics for this reservation given with the Iowa Reservation. Missionary work not reported. Act of Congress of June 10, 1872, authorizes the Secretary of the Interior, with the consent and concurrence of the Sac and Fox of the Missouri tribe of Indians, exUnited States Statutes, Vol. XXIII, p. 351. * Sac and Fox treaty, same date, Sac and Fox treaties, Indian Territory; United States Statutes, Vol. X, p. 1074. 3 Iowa treaty same date; Iowa treaties, Nebraska; United States Statutes, Vol. XII, p. 1171. United States Statutes, Vol. XVII, p. 391. 5 Ibid., Vol. XIX, p. 208. • Report of Indian Commissioner, 1866, p. 387. Ibid., p. 416. 8 Ibid., p. 400. S. Ex. 95--31 7 pressed in open council, to cause to be surveyed a portion or the whole of their reservation in the State of Nebraska, containing about 16,000 acres. Lands to be appraised by three commissioners, one to be selected by said Sac and Fox of the Missouri tribe of Indians, in open council, and the other two appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. After survey and appraisement lands shall be offered for sale for cash in hand, proceeds to be placed to credit of said Indians, at 5 per cent., payable semi-annually, except such portion the Secretary of the Interior, with the approval of the President, shall deem necessary to expend for their immediate use, or for their removal to the Indian Territory, or elsewhere, in case they desire to remove.1 For act of August 15, 1876, see Otoe treaty, same date, Indian Territory. An act to provide for the sale of the Sac and Fox and Iowa Indian Reservations, in the States of Nebraska and Kansas, and for other purposes, March 3, 1885.a With the consent of a majority of the chiefs, headmen, and adults, expressed in open council by each tribe, the Secretary of the Interior may caused to be surveyed, appraised, and sold the reservations of said tribes. (Sec. 1.) Manner of sale and payment stipulated. (Sec. 2.) Any Indian desiring to remain upon his lands, and has improvements thereon, may receive trust patent for twentyfive years; at the expiration of said period United States to convey same and fee, free of all charge and incumbrance. Any conveyance or contract during period of trust null and void, and lands during said time free from taxation and alienation. Heads of family, 160 acres, single men 80 acres, such selection to be in full satisfaction for his interest in said reservation or fund realized from the sale thereof. (Sec. 3.) Proceeds of sales of improvements belonging to individual Indians to be paid to the same. Proceeds of sale of lands after deducting expenses to be placed at 4 per cent. interest, income to be expended for benefit of Indians, under direction of the Secretary of the Interior. (Sec. 4.) Secretary, with consent of Indians in open council, to secure other lands and remove Indians thereto, and expend necessary sum for their comfort and advancement in civilization (Sec. 5.), and to issue patents for said reservations selected for the use of Sac and Fox of Missouri and Iowa tribes. (Sec. 6.) Said patents to declare United States holds the land in trust. (Sec. 7.) Indians may be allotted in severalty on new reservations; 160 acres to head of family; 80 acres to single person over twenty-one; 40 acres to each minor. (Sec. 8.) Upon approval of said allotments President to issue trust patents similar to those described in section 3. (Sec. 9.) Ten thousand dollars appropriated to carry out this act, said sum to be refunded from sale of land. (Sec. 10.) OMAHA AND WINNEBAGO AGENCY. [Post-office address: Winnebago, Dakota County, Nebr.] OMAHA RESERVATION. 3 6 How established.-By treaty of March 16, 1854; selections by Indians, with President's approval, May 11, 1855; treaty of March 6, 1865;' acts of Congress approved June 10, 1872; and of June 22, 1874; deed to Winnebago Indians, dated July 31, 1874, and act of Congress approved August 7, 1882.7 1 United States Statutes, Vol. XVII, p. 392. Vol. X, p. 1043. Ibid., Vol. XIV, p. 667. 2 Ibid., Vol. XXIII, p. 351. Б b Ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 391. 3 s Ibid., Ibid., |