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dition to the directions aforesaid, all free white persons, being aliens, who may arrive in the United States after the passing of this act, shall, in order to become citizens of the United States, make registry and obtain certificates in the following manner, to wit: every person desirous of being naturalized shall, if of the age of twenty-one years, make report of himself, or, if under the age of twenty-one years, or held in service, shall be reported by his parent, guardian, master, or mistress, to the clerk of the district court of the district where such alien or aliens shall arrive, or to some other court of record of the United States, of either of the territorial districts of the same, or of a particular State; and such report shall ascertain the name, birthplace, age, nation, and allegiance of each alien, together with the country whence he or she migrated, and the place of his or her intended settlement: and it shall be the duty of such clerk, on receiving such report, to record the same in his office, and to grant to the person making such report, and to each individual concerned therein, whenever he shall be required, a certificate, under his hand and seal of office, of such report and registry; and for receiving and registering each report of an individual or family, he shall receive fifty cents, and for each certificate granted pursuant to this act to an individual or family, fifty cents; and such certificate shall be exhibited to the court by every alien who may arrive in the United States after the passing of this act, on his application to be naturalized, as evidence of the time of his arrival within the United States.

SEC. 3. And whereas doubts have arisen whether certain courts of record in some of the States are included within the description of district or circuit courts: Be it further enacted, That every court of record in any individual State having common law jurisdiction, and a seal and clerk or prothonotary, shall be considered as a district court within the meaning of this act; and every alien who may have been naturalized in any such court shall enjoy, from and after the passing of the act, the same rights and privileges as if he had been naturalized in a district or circuit court of the United States.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the children of persons duly naturalized under any of the laws of the United States, or who, previous to the passing of any law on that subject by the government of the United States, may have become citizens of any one of the said States, under the laws thereof, being under the age of twenty-one years at the time of their parents being so naturalized or admitted to the rights of citi

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zenship, shall, if dwelling in the United States, be considered as citizens of the United States; and the children of persons who now are or have been citizens of the United States shall, though born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, be considered as citizens of the United States: Provided, That the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never resided within the United States: Provided, also, That no person heretofore proscribed by any State, or who has been legally convicted of having joined the army of Great Britain during the late war, shall be admitted a citizen as aforesaid without the consent of the legislature of the State in which such person was proscribed.

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That all acts heretofore passed respecting naturalization be, and the same are hereby, repealed.

Approved April 14, 1802.

AN ACT in addition to an act entitled "An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any alien, being a free white person, who was residing within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States at any time between the eighteenth day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight, and the fourteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and two, and who has continued to reside within the same, may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States without a compliance with the first condition specified in the first section of the act entitled “An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject."

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That when any alien who shall have complied with the first condition specified in the first section of the said original act, and who shall have pursued the directions prescribed in the second section of the said act, may die before he is actually naturalized, the widow and the children of such alien shall be considered as citizens of the United States, and shall be entitled to all rights and privileges as such, upon taking the oaths prescribed by law. Approved March 26, 1804.

AN ACT for the regulation of seamen on board the public and private vessels of the United States.

SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That no person who shall arrive in the United States from and after the time when this act shall take effect, shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States who shall not for the continued term of five years next preceding his admission as aforesaid have resided within the United States, without being at any time during the said five years out of the territory of the United States.* Approved March 3, 1813.

AN ACT supplementary to the acts heretofore passed on the subject of an uniform rule of naturalization.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That persons resident within the United States, or the Territories thereof, on the eighteenth day of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twelve, who had before that day made a declaration, according to law, of their intentions to become citizens of the United States, or who, by the existing laws of the United States, were on that day entitled to become citizens without making such declaration, may be admitted to become citizens thereof, notwithstanding they shall be alien enemies at the times and in the manner prescribed by the laws heretofore passed on that subject: Provided, That nothing herein

The oath of naturalization, when taken, confers the rights of a citizen. It is not necessary that there should be an order of court admitting the alien to become a citizen.-Campbell v. Gordon et al., 6 Cr. 176. Nor that it should appear by the record of naturalization that all the requisites presented by law for the admission of aliens have been complied with.-Stark v. Chesapeake Ins. Com., 7 Cr. 520.

The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.-Con. art. 4, sec. 2.

Citizens of the United States have a right to expatriate themselves in time of war as well as of peace, until restrained by Congress. Such right is subject to the control of the Legislature, and to render the exercise of it valid, there must be an entire departure from the United States for a purpose which is not illegal, nor in fraud of the duties at home of the emigrant.-Talbot v. Jansen, 3 Dall. 133.-Santissima Trinidad, 7 Wheat. 548.-See U. S. v. Williams, 4 Hall's L. Journal, 461.-U. S. v. Gillies, 1 Pet. 161.

A citizen of the United States by becoming a citizen of another country does not thereby cease to be a citizen of the United States, nor is he absolved from his original allegiance.-Ibid. ibid. He may acquire in a foreign country the commercial privileges attached to his domicil, and be exempted from the operation of commercial acts embracing only persons resident in the United States or under its protection. Murray v. Charming Betsy, 2 Cranch, 120.

contained shall be taken or construed to interfere with or prevent the apprehension and removal, agreeably to law, of any alien enemy at any time previous to the actual naturalization of such alien.

Approved July 30, 1813.

AN ACT relative to evidence in cases of naturalization.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the certificate of report and registry required as evidence of the time of arrival in the United States, according to the second section of the act of the fourteenth of April, one thousand eight hundred and two, entitled "An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject," and also a certificate from the proper clerk or prothonotary of the declaration of intention, made before a court of record, and required as the first condition, according to the first section of said act, shall be exhibited by every alien, on his application to be admitted a citizen of the United States in pursuance of said act, who shall have arrived within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States since the eighteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, and shall each be recited at full length in the record of the court admitting such alien: otherwise he shall not be deemed to have complied with the conditions requisite for becoming a citizen of the United States; and any pretended admission of an alien who shall have arrived within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States since the said eighteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, to be a citizen, after the promulgation of this act, without such recital of each certificate at full length, shall be of no validity or effect under the act aforesaid.

SEC. 2. Provided, and be it enacted, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to exclude from admission to citizenship any free white person who was residing within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States at any time between the eighteenth day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight, and the fourteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and two, and who, having continued to reside therein without having made any declaration of intention before a court of record, as aforesaid, may be en

titled to become a citizen of the United States according to the act of the 26th of March, one thousand eight hundred and four, entitled "An act in addition to an act entitled 'An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject." Whenever any person without a certificate of such declaration of intention as aforesaid shall make application to be admitted a citizen of the United States, it shall be proved, to the satisfaction of the court, that the applicant was residing within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States before the fourteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and two, and has continued to reside within the same, or he shall not be so admitted. And the residence of the applicant within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States for at least five years immediately preceding the time of such application shall be proved by the oath or affirmation of citizens of the United States; which citizens shall be named in the record as witnesses. And such continued residence within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States, when satisfactorily proved, and the place or places where the applicant has resided for at least five years, as aforesaid, shall be stated and set forth, together with the names of such citizens, in the record of the court admitting the applicant: otherwise the same shall not entitle him to be considered and deemed a citizen of the United States.

Approved March 22, 1816.

AN ACT in further addition to "An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject."

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any alien, being a free white person, and a minor, under the age of twenty-one years, who shall have resided in the United States three years next preceding his arriving at the age of twenty-one years, and who shall have continued to reside therein to the time he may make application to be admitted a citizen thereof, may, after he arrives at the age of twenty-one years, and after he shall have resided five years within the United States, including the three years of his minority, be admitted a citizen of the United States without having made the declaration required in the first condition of the first section

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