That this series of papers is fundamentally important for the science of animal behavior is obvious.

E. B. H. AND R. M. Y.

Hornaday, Wm. T. The American Natural History. New York, Scribner's Sons, 1904, xxv + 449.

A popular natural history which contains much interesting and valuable information concerning American animals. The work is splendidly illustrated and pleasingly written. It should be of considerable value as a means of arousing interest in animals and stimulating to a study of their characteristics.

R. M. Y.

Cohn, Paul. Gemütserregungen und Krankheiten. Berlin, Vogel und Kreienbrink, 1903, pp. 148.

The book contains a study of the nature and localization of emotions. The first part deals with the physiological accompaniments of feelings and emotions, the second with their pathological effects, and the third gives hints for a prophylaxis. The author adopts the theory that all feelings can be reduced to organic sensations of the body and of the brain. He professes a general disdain for all previous work, which he claims to be too speculative, and he acknowledges NIETZSCHE as his only predecessor. None of the modern inquiries into the nature of feelings is mentioned, and the experimental studies of the physiological influence of feelings are utterly ignored.

F. M. URBAN.

Putnam, J. J. The Value of the Physiological Principle in the Study of Neurology. Am. Medicine, 1904, 8, No. 25, 1051-1056.

Dr. PUTNAM's address before the section of Neurology of the International Congress of Arts and Sciences at St. Louis is published in full in American Medicine, as cited above, and simultaneously in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. The contrast is sharply drawn. between VIRCHOW's "Anatomical Principle in the Study of Disease" and the attempt to localize morbid processes on the one hand, and on the other hand the morbid process as maladjustment. "No anatomical. research can pierce to the secret of broken coördinations, and yet it is in these that a great part of disease begins, or comes eventally to consist." "Every organism, whether we call it diseased or well, presents itself to our view as a web of interwoven 'energies,' which in order to study them by anatomic means, we must break artificially into fragments that have, in reality, no correspondingly separate existence." This is a point of view which has its application in normal function, as well as in pathology.

C. J. H.

Halben, R. Theoretisches über die Bedeutung des Pigmentes für den Sehakt der Wirbellosen, speciell der Protozoen. Biol. Centralbl., 1904, 24, No. 8, 283-288.

An argument, against HESSE, for the importance of pigment in light perception. A foot-note contains a discussion of the nature of light, which should be read by all students of phototaxis. G. W. Weysse, Arthur W. Notes on Animal Behavior. Science, N. S., 1904, 18, No. 495, 955-957

Discusses certain actions of a black-and-tan terrier, which by many would be taken to exhibit a high degree of intelligence. WEYSSE shows how, in these particular cases, much simpler explanations can be given, based on the ordinary habits of the dog.

LEON J. COLE. Scott, William E. D. The Inheritance of Song in Passerine Birds. Remarks on the Development of Song in the Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnæus), and the Meadowlark, Sturnella magna (Linnæus). Science, N. S., 1904, 19, No. 95, 957-959; Further Observations on the Development of Song and Nest-building in Hand-reared Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnæus). Science, N. S., 1904, 20, No. 504, 282-283.

Rose-breasted grosbeaks were taken from the nest when five days old and after being kept in confinement until about eight months old they sang a song that "could not be referred to the rose-breasted grosbeak." Meadowlarks taken from the nest and kept in confinement, besides having a peculiar song of their own, accompanied by a "parade or dance," also imitated the songs of some German "blackbirds" (Merula merula) with which they were associated. The conclusion is "that birds are influenced in their early lives very strongly by any noise that arrests their attention, even in a wild state, and that their propensity to imitate and differentiate their normal methods of song is greatly exaggerated under the artificial state wherein they live when in confinement."

In the second paper the observations of the first are confirmed. The songs of the grosbeaks came to resemble that of a green bulbul (Chloropsis hardwickii) which was kept in an adjacent cage. In May the grosbeaks attempted to build a nest in the cage, but although supplied with materials, they were unable to construct a nest for themselves, though they added a lining of feathers and cowhair to artificial nests that were supplied.

LEON J. COLE.

A. C. ARMSTRONG, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.; Alfred Binet, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris; W. L. BRYAN, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; MARY W. Calkins, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; JOHN DEWEY, H. H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago; C. LADD FRANKLIN, Baltimore, G. S. FULLERTON, University of Pennsylvania; H. N. GARDINER, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; G. H. HOWISON, University of California; JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin; ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. Pathol. Institute, Ward's Island, N. Y., HUGO MÜNSTERBERG, Harvard University; E. A. PACE, Catholic University, Washington; G. T. W. PATRICK, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; CARL STUMPF, University, Berlin; R. M. WENLEY, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; and a special board for The Psychological Bulletin.

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Observations on the Spinal Cord of the Emu and its Segmentation. By IRVING HARDESTY. (From the Hearst Anatomical Laboratory of the University of California.) With four figures.

The Selection of Random Movements as a Factor in Phototaxis. By S. J. HOLMES. (From the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Michigan.)

Notes on the Development of the Sympathetic Nervous System in the Common Toad. By WALTER C. JONES, M.D. With twelve figures.

Editorial

81

98

113

Concerning the Genetic Relations of Types of Action.
The Basis for Taxis and Certain Other Terms in the Be-
havior of Infusoria.

132

138

A Review of Some Recent Literature on the Chemistry of the
Central Nervous System. By ISADOR H. CORIAT.
Worcester Insane Hospital.

Literary Notices.

148

160

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