motion. For the week previous to admission there had been a rigor each morning, followed by fever, sweating, and headache. On the day following admission, her temperature was 102.6° and there was tenderness over the right kidney. Her urine was acid and contained many pus and epithelial cells. She was delivered of a full-term child September 15, two days after admission. Position of child L. O. A. On the day following delivery the afternoon temperature was 103.8°. She was given a urinary antiseptic, and on the fifth day the temperature came to normal and remained so thereafter. The urine

gradually became clear. Her highest temperature while in the hospital was 103.8°. It remained above 100° for four days.

CASE II.-Mrs. L., aged twenty-three, primigravida. Admitted to the Sloane Maternity Hospital, August 31, 1901. She was in the seventh month of pregnancy, anæmic, and complained of pain over the right side of her abdomen. Her urine showed pus cells and a trace of albumin. Her temperature on admission was 102.8°. She was given a urinary antiseptic, fluid, diet, and large draughts of water. Her temperature and tenderness over the right kidney subsided in four days and the urine gradually cleared. Her highest temperature was 102.8°. It remained above 100° four days. She was normally delivered November 11, 1901, and made a good convalescence. The position of the child was L. O. A.

CASE III.-Mrs. M. G., aged twenty-three, IIIgravida. Admitted to the Sloane Maternity Hospital, September 19, 1901, complaining of severe pain in the right lumbar region. Her pregnancy was seven months advanced, and she stated that she had had fever in the afternoon for several days. Her urine was acid and showed pus and epithelial cells.

There was a trace of albumin. Her temperature on admission was 102.8°. She was given a urinary antiseptic, milk diet, and large draughts of water. Her temperature reached normal on the eighth day and remained so thereafter, the urine gradually clearing. Her highest temperature while Her highest temperature while in the hospital was 104°. Her temperature remained above 100 for seven days. She was normally delivered two months later. Position of child L. O. A. Her puerperal temperature did not reach 99o.

CASE IV.-Mrs. M. H., aged thirty-seven, XIIIgravida. Admitted to the Sloane Maternity Hospital, April 20, 1903, complaining of sharp pain over the right kidney. Her urine was acid and contained pus and epithelial cells. Her pregnancy was seven months advanced. By May 12 the pain had ceased and the urine was nearly clear. At no time during her stay in the hospital did she show any rise of temperature above 100°. The position of child was R. O. A.

CASE V.-Mrs. D., aged twenty-four, native of United States, primigravida. Admitted to the Sloane Maternity Hospital, May 18, 1903, stating that for two days she had suffered with pain in the right lumbar region and fever. On admission her temperature was 102.4°. Her urine was acid and showed pus and epithelial cells. Her leucocytes

numbered 22,000. She was delivered of a full-term child on the day following admission. Position of child R. O. P., rotating to R. O. A. In spite of urinary antiseptics, ice-bags to the kidney, fluid diet, and large draughts of water, the patient gradually grew worse, and on June 3 the right kidney was removed by Dr. Joseph A. Blake. The kidney showed several small abscesses in its substance, and bacteriological examination showed the colon bacillus. After a tedious convalescence the patient completely

recovered. Her highest temperature previous to the nephrectomy was 104°. Her temperature prior to the nephrectomy was above 100° for sixteen days.

CASE VI.-Mrs. M. G., primigravida, seen in consultation with Dr. Palmer A. Potter of East Orange, N. J., October 14, 1903. Her pregnancy was five months advanced. She had had an irregular fever for several days with an occasional epistaxis. Her temperature when I saw her was 104°. For three days prior to my visit she had complained of pain in the right lumbar region. The case looked a good deal like typhoid fever, and that was my first probable diagnosis. The Widal test, however, was negative, and subsequent examination of the urine showed it to be acid with pus cells, renal epithelium, bacteria, and a trace of albumin. She was given a urinary antiseptic, fluid diet, and large draughts of water. On the third day following the commence ment of the urinary antiseptic, the temperature came to normal and remained so thereafter. Her highest temperature was 104°. Her temperature remained above 100° for nine days. The urine gradually cleared. She subsequently went to term and was delivered of a living child. Puerperium normal.

CASE VII.-Mrs. G., aged twenty-six, prim gravida, seen in consultation with Dr. George E. Steel of New York, December 13, 1903. She was six months pregnant, and for forty-eight hours had been complaining of pain on the right side of the abdomen in the region of the vermiform appendix. Her temperature was 102°, pulse 130. The site of greatest tenderness was near the McBurney point. It looked like a case of appendicitis, and that was my probable diagnosis on my first visit. Examina tion of the urine next day, however, showed it to be acid and to contain pus cells, hyaline casts, and albumin. Previous to the attack of pain, the urize had been normal. The diagnosis was changed to that of pyelitis, and she was given a urinary antisepti with fluid diet, large draughts of water, and an ice bag over the right kidney. Her pain and tezperature subsided in three days and she made a speedy recovery, although the urine showed p cells and casts for more than a month. Her highes temperature was 102°, highest pulse, 130; the temperature remained above 100° for four days She was delivered at term, March 10, 1904. Positi L.O.A. Puerperium normal.

4

CASE VIII. Mrs. C., aged twenty-seven, primgravida, seen in consultation with Drs. C. T. Adana and F. F. Ward of New York, March 4, 1904. She was five months pregnant, and for the mont previous had complained of pain and tenderness the right side of the abdomen, especially in the regi of the right kidney, which could be felt enlarged and tender. Her temperature during the month pri to my visit had been a varied one, ranging fro normal to 104° with intermissions of several day when the temperature was normal. No malan organisms were found and the Widal test was nece tive. Her urine was acid and contained pus cells trace of albumin, and a few hyaline casts. diagnosis of pyelitis was made and she was give a urinary antiseptic, fluid diet, and large draught water with an ice-bag over the right kidney. H temperature and pain subsided in two weeks afte beginning the urotropin, but the urine contained pus for a month longer. Her highest temperatu: was 104°, highest pulse 118. above 100° for sixteen days. normally in her pregnancy.

The

Her temperature w She is now progressing

CASE IX.-Mrs. P., aged twenty-four, primig vida, seen in consultation with Dr. D. E. O'Neil d New York, April 10, 1904. She was about si months pregnant and for three weeks had bee

complaining of pain on the right side of her abdomen. She had had several slight rigors. Her micturition had been frequent and painful. On examination her right kidney was found enlarged and tender. Her urine was acid and contained considerable pus. The filtered specimen showed no albumin. Cultures from a catheterized specimen showed the colon bacillus. She was given a urinary antiseptic with fluid diet and large draughts of water. Her temperature and pain subsided in about ten days after beginning the urinary antiseptic. She is now progressing normally in her pregnancy, but the urine still contains a little pus. The position of the child is L. O. A.

CASE X.-Mrs. B., aged twenty-eight, primigravida, seen in consultation with Dr. Edwin Sternberger of New York, April 29, 1904. She was about five months pregnant, and for two days had been complaining of pain on the ride side of the abdomen, especially in the appendicular region and in the back. This pain at times was intense. Her urine was acid, contained a trace of albumin, considerable pus, and the bacteriological examination showed abundant colon bacilli. Her right kidney could be palpated, was enlarged and tender. For several days her pain was much worse every other day.

On

On May 10 her leucocytes were 14,400; red cells, 4,120,000; urea, 296 grains. May 16, leucocytes 16,000. From April 27 to May 6, in spite of the pain in the region of the right kidney and ureter, the temperature did not rise above 100.4°. May 7 the temperature reached 101.2°, and on May 10 104°. For the next three days she became progressively worse, her temperature on the evening of May 13 reaching 105.6°, and it seemed to me that operative interference would be demanded on the following day. The next morning, however, found the patient better, and under the advice of Dr. Willy Meyer of New York operative interference was postponed. The patient steadily improved, the temperature reaching normal in four days. This case has been characterized by more pain than any of the others under the observation of the writer. Opiates in some form have been frequently required. Her highest temperature was 105.6°. It remained above 100° for seventeen days. The temperature at the time of writing is normal, but the pain, although less severe, has not entirely disappeared. Aside from opiates for the relief of pain, her chief treatment has been with urinary antiseptics, fluid diet, and large draughts of water.

From the above cases the symptom-group can fairly well be pictured:

Pain in the right lumbar region sometimes very acute, sometimes only elicited by palpation or motion. The pain often follows the course of the ureter from kidney to bladder. A rise of temperature, usually quite high at some time during the attack, 102° to 105°, although in one of my cases (Case IV) the temperature did not reach 100°. In cases with high temperature rigors are not infrequent.

Irritability of the bladder with frequent and painful micturition is common, but the infection is a descending one, and the cystitis, when it does occur, is usually secondary to the pyelitis and ureteritis. The right kidney can usually be made out enlarged and tender. The urine is acid, at first may contain only a trace of albumin and perhaps a few casts, to be soon followed y pus cells, renal epithelium, and bacteria. cered urine often shows no albumin. The pus cells are usually more abundant as the pain and temperture subside. The urine often contains pus cells or a month or more after the constitutional sympoms have disappeared.

The fil

One of the features of chief interest in pyelitis complicating pregnancy is the diagnosis. In many cases this is easy if the possibility of the condition is borne in mind. Pain and tenderness in the region of the kidney, a rise of temperature, and an acid urine containing pus may point at once to the diagnosis of pyelitis. On the other hand, it must be remembered that when an abdomen is occupied by a uterus pregnant from five to eight months the palpation of the other abdominal organs is often difficult. Furthermore, there are other conditions which may give symptoms resembling it. The three conditions most likely to be confused with pyelitis in pregnancy are, judging from the writer's experience, appendicitis, typhoid fever, and salpingitis.

In some of my cases, especially Cases VII and X, the point of greatest tenderness has corresponded closely with the McBurney point, and appendicitis has been strongly suggested. In each of these cases the diagnosis was made from the condition of the urine. The reason for the point of tenderness corresponding with the McBurney point seemed to be that pressure at this point forced the uterus back against the ureter and thus increased the pain. The leucocyte count in these cases of pyelitis resembling appendicitis has seemed to the writer lower than one would expect in an appendicitis case correspondingly ill.

In Case VI the irregular fever and the epistaxis resembled typhoid fever, and it was only after the negative Widal test, the explanation of the epistaxis by the amenorrhoea of pregnancy, and the examination of the urine that the correct diagnosis was made.

The differential diagnosis between pyelitis and salpingitis can usually be made by the history, the bimanual examination, and the careful examination of the urine.

From the above cases it will be seen that the chief

aid to the diagnosis of pyelitis in pregnancy is thecareful examination of the urine; chemical, microscopical, and bacteriological.

Although the pain may be very severe and the temperature high, even 104° or 105° for a few days, the prognosis of pyelitis complicating pregnancy is usually good. With the exception of Case V, in which the pyelitis started at term and in which the substance of the kidney was infected as well as its pelvis, all the cases of my séries recovered under medical treatment, the temperature and pulse subsiding to normal in from four to thirty days; the urinary changes perhaps persisting for a month more. Judging from my own cases and from the reported experience of other observers, if the kidneys have previously been healthy, pyelitis complicating a pregnancy of from five to eight months advancement, which is the usual period of the complication, justifies a favorable prognosis of complete recovery under medical treatment.

This lat

In a few cases, however, there are recurrences during the pregnancy, and the possibility of a pyelitis. becoming a pyelonephritis, as occurred in case V, just referred to, must not be lost sight of. ter possibility seems more likely the nearer the complication approaches full term and the puerplication approaches full perium.

The medical treatment which the writer has employed in all the cases under his observation is. as follows: Rest in bed; fluid diet, especially milk; large draughts of water; urinary antiseptics; ice-bag over the kidney, and, if this fails to relieve the pain, an occasional opiate. In many cases, saline catharsis has given marked relief. If, in spite of this treatment, there is evidence of extension of the infection

BY RICHARD COLE NEWTON. M.D.,
MONTCLAIR, N. J.

To anyone who stops to think a moment, it must be very plain that there is an incalculable waste of power and energy in human life. Man's spiritual, mental, and physical powers are capable of almost infinite development. It is true that we are hampered by many limitations, the span of our life is so short, and so much of this brief space must be given up to learning what has already been done by others in any particular field, not to mention the entire purview of human knowledge, that there is only a short time left for original investigation. Furthermore, only a fairly brilliant mind is capable of absorbing the existing store of human knowledge in any one profession or science, and only comparatively few men and women have the opportunity, the industry, and the physical and mental strength to become really learned. This, however, is by no means equivalent to saying that any man during his life on earth makes the best practica use of his time and opportunities.

Most men are engaged in the sordid pursuit of money, and spend a great deal of energy and thought in endeavoring to circumvent their fellows and accumulate money which may never benefit them. The struggle for bread is so fierce and our love of ease, of sensual enjoyment and social distinction is so pronounced, that nine men out of ten think they have no time for self-improvement, either mental or physical. This is far from true. Practically any man or woman might be wiser, happier, and healthier than he or she now is. There is unfortunately an inadequate and one-sided notion of education prevalent in America. Not only do we ordinarily neglect the physical side of education, but we are wont to look upon a college degree as itself an end, and as the distinguishing mark of an educated man. Whereas it at best only marks the end of one period of his development. The only true and satisfying attitude. of the mind toward education is that of the historian, Freeman, who wished it to be said of him that he died learning. Neither the mind nor the body can safely be allowed to stagnate. If there is no progress there will surely be retrogression.

A non-functionating attribute invariably deteriorates. This is an immutable law of nature, and is perhaps in no respect more strikingly manifested than in the non-developing minds of those who do not study.

A man's conduct may improve and his experimental knowledge of the world increase with years, but unless he actually studies and exercises his mental faculties, his intellectual horizon will not broaden, nor his mental vigor increase as he grows older. On the contrary, his prejudices will take deeper root and the bonds of conventionalism will bind him more closely. This mental inactivity we call conservatism; but it is really a state of mental *Read before the Morristown Medical Club.

previously formed opinions, takes the place of thought and independent judgment.

Of course the majority of non-thinkers have never exercised their minds enough to have learned to think clearly and logically. Stevenson said that he "had only to read books to think, but the mass of people are only speaking in their sleep." How often do we see professional men, teachers and others, who have reached an intellectual status after which any further progress seems impossible. What is more lamentable than a self-satisfied professional man, who fancies that he has nothing more to learn? Unfortunately he is no exception to the universal law, and if there is no advance in his mental condition, there will be recession.

A principal, if not the principal, cause of human unhappiness is the mental unrest, which is caused by the unsatisfied craving for the exercise and development of our God-given intellectual powers. This craving is born in all mankind, it has been called the divine unrest, because it leads man ever to struggle toward knowledge, toward righteousness, and toward freedom. Only the minds that have freed themselves by powerful and regular exercise of their own functions can shake off the shackles of superstition and the bonds of fear. Only minds sc disciplined can be at rest and await with calmness the unfolding of fate, can bear with fortitude the struggle with their own limitations, and the increasing bodily infirmities which tend to occlude their vision and thwart their best efforts. Of such a mind the good Sir Edward Dyer said three hundred years ago: "My mind to me a kingdom is." Nor is the development of the highest type of mind possible without a healthy and vigorous body. Nor can this on the other hand, be developed without persistert. careful, and properly regulated exercise. In other words, leaving out of consideration those human anomalies whom we call geniuses, there is no wa that a man can fit himself to do good work, either mental or physical, except by a thorough, painstaking development of his mental and bodily powers. Unfortunately the average man leads, strict speaking, no intellectual life. He does not real think, he does not read anything that requires menti exertion, he does not study. And if we turn thoughts to the gentler sex what do we find? A remark of Harriet Martineau's that the poor heat of American women was due to the vacuity their minds, was unquestionably in a measure tre This was made, of course, some years ago, before the proliferation of the female college, and the entranc of women into the professions, etc. On the oth hand, an editorial in a leading medical journal aber a year ago, in commenting upon the comparat sterility of American women, says: "But with he growth in brain power, she has declined in physique To this statement the writer takes unqualified exception. American women in our day have smaller families than their ancestors it is true, but proof s entirely lacking that they are of inferior physique and their comparative sterility is due chiefly to 2 improper and unphysiological avoidance of concer tion. This is not to say that there are not numerőt cases of nervous breakdown amongst wome educated and uneducated, from overstudy, ove work, etc. However, the percentage of American women injured by overstudy must be inconsiderab compared to the whole number of women of childbearing age.

The faulty methods of education now prevalent are but too obvious and there is no question abo the handicaps which bear upon every woman w undertakes to develop her mind. Nor can the ex

periment of giving a woman a man's education be successfully carried out in general, unless girls shall be fitted for the contest by a better heredity and a more physiological method of life. They must develope their muscles and their lungs and live more in the open air in childhood, and grow up without the impediments of corsets, high-heeled shoes, tight clothing and similar abominations, which cramp and distort their growing members, impair their digestions and lay the foundation for the nervousness, dyspepsia, and the numerous bodily infirmities of after years.

What women suffer from chiefly is want of physical development. Had they man's muscular strength they could easily outstrip him in mental acquirements, for at least the first few years of life, by reason of their quicker and more elastic minds, their greater devotion to their duties and their greater freedom from dissipation and immorality. The mistake that our educators have made is to take advantage of the girl's willingness to work her intense love of approbation and her more rapid mental expansion, which is commensurate with her rapidly developing body, at the age of puberty, to force her along too fast without regard to the consequences. A woman's bodily health will be as surely benefited as a man's by a thorough intellectual development, but she is more easily injured in the process because she is without any question the weaker vessel.

I had begun to hope that the once prevalent notion hat a man cannot be learned and physically strong at the same time, was becoming passé, and yet in a book on health copyrighted last year the following appears: "It is an error also to think that great

muscular development is desirable in a brain worker. The two are incompatible." This is one of the hoary fallacies which have encumbered medical literature, and misdirected medical thought from time immemorial. One would fancy it to have been originally the ipse dixit of some lazy and ill-developed medical writer, who having no muscle himself and being too indolent to acquire any, soon proved to his own satisfaction the undesirability of having any. And subsequent medical writers have slavishly followed this erroneous light, as they have many others. There was a kindred notion prevalent a generation ago from the tyranny of which we have by no means entirely escaped, viz., that a man is born into the world with a certain fixed amount of energy, which he is at liberty to expend in any way he chooses, but cannot replenish; so that if our physical side is developed, our mental must be dwarfed. Can anything be more absurd, or more at variance with nature's well known laws? And yet, I well remember a professor of philosophy, whose name is known on two continents teaching that very doctrine to his class, of which I was a member, about thirty years ago; and there are many prominent teachers, preachers and medical men, who believe or affect to believe the same fallacy to-day.

I remember reading in my boyhood in an excellent family paper called the Evangelist, this same false doctrine, which made a deep impression on my youthful mind and gave me serious doubts as to whether it was right for me to work in the garden in conformity with my father's commands, because it seemed a serious thing to impair my chances of acquiring an education, merely for the sake of raising a few vegetables. And it also filled me with consternation to reflect that this vigor or energy, which it was assumed that we must carefully conserve for the' development of our brains, might be so easily dissipated, and could not be expended at the same time on both bodily and mental exercise any more chan one can both eat his cake and keep it.

That the Evangelist meant well in general on matters of hygiene was evidenced by the sentiments expressed in an editorial article upon washing the feet, which also deeply impressed my boyish mind, and I may say had a decidedly favorable influence upon my habits. As I remember it now, the gravamen of the article was that the feet should be washed several times a week, instead of once; and the statement was made that the skin of the feet has great powers of absorption, and that the offensive matter which is excreted through its pores would be reabsorbed into the system were it not washed off.

This, so far as it goes, is true, and the advice is sound and may be applicable to-day to at least some of the readers of the Evangelist.

Even in those dark ages of sanitary science there were glimmerings of the greatly aroused interest which we at present note on this important subject. And the fact that an influential religious paper and the organ of a branch of the Presbyterian Church, did not esteem an editorial upon washing the feet beneath its dignity nor out of place in its editorial columns, was an evidence of good sense, and reflected credit upon the editor. It showed further that the readers of that paper, like the readers of current literature to-day, wanted more light, perhaps I should say needed more instruction, upon the proper methods of living.

No one in our time who reads the newspapers or who attempts to keep abreast with the tendencies of modern American life, can fail to notice the everwidening interest displayed not alone in athletic bodily health and development. This is the day of sports, but in all matters in any way pertaining to bodily health and development. This is the day of the physical culturist in all his forms and with all his or her different theories, appliances, and maneuvres, by which vigor is to be attained, lost manhood restored, dyspepsia banished, and the doctor avoided. One "professor" offers for the insignificant sum of a dollar to sell to anyone a book containing directions which, if followed out, will save the purchaser from the necessity of ever paying another doctor's bill. There are all sorts of health foods and drinks advertised; all sorts of systems of diet, exercise, and bathing are promulgated. One man teaches that all food of whatever kind should be eaten uncooked. Another denounces the eating of any form of meat, while a third instructs us that the consumption of nuts will give the most strength, which reminds one of the butcher boy in David Copperfield, whose preternatural strength was attributed to the beef suet with which he annointed his hair.

This is the day of the man who advocates chewing each morsel of food thirty-two times, once for each tooth, said to have been a maxim of Mr. Gladstone's. Of the man who goes without breakfast; of him who lives on eleven cents a day; of him who eats no salt, and of him who cooks all the fruit he eats; of him who never takes liquid with his meals, and of him who advocates only one dish for dinner. We are told to sit or lie naked in the sun, to wear only wool next the skin; or linen, or silk, or cotton, according to the predilection or self-interest of the adviser.

The disciples of an alleged school of hygiene in our own State lie naked in the earth for several hours a day. Some one in Chicago is just now preaching against all forms of bathing, while other people advise baths for the cure and prevention of every form of disease. I have heard doctors in good practice advise wearing high-heeled shoes to "maintain the integrity of the arch of the foot," while large numbers of people claim to have received benefit from the Kneipp cure, a part of the regimen of which is to walk barefooted in the dewy grass.

Perhaps the most revolutionary statement which

I have met with lately is that of a "professor" who guarantees to increase the stature of any one paying him $10, and using his method, from two to five inches. This seems to controvert the scriptural statement that one cannot add to his stature by taking thought, but the world moves and our modern "professors" are wonderful fellows.

One teacher advises against diaphragmatic breathing; while others hold that it is the only physiological method of respiration. Some would have us exercise entirely without apparatus or implements; others tell us that only by using the mechanical devices in which they are interested can we make true progress.

In Missouri, a State which will ever be famous as the home of Osteopathy, a sect of dirt-eaters has been started, and we are told that two hundred and fifty students in the State University there have pledged themselves to eat only twice daily for the next four months. A college trainer last fall forbade the members of the football team to wash in fresh water, forcing them to perform all their ablutions in salt water; and so it goes; I might, by a little research, indefinitely prolong this somewhat grotesque list of more or less peculiar performances, which are at present vaunted as conducive, if not absolutely essential, to health and long life. The above list, while incomplete and fragmentary, serves to illustrate the point which I wish to make, viz., that there is to-day a great and constantly spreading interest in all matters relating to the education and care of the body. Our colleges spent last year in sports over $1,000,000. At Harvard $250,000 is to be spent for a stadium, from the seats of which athletic games shall be witnessed by about 40,000 people, while the president of the university makes his annual plea in vain for a suitable building in which to house adequately and make available the books now in the college library. In spite of the protests of a large part of the medical profession, of the so-called leaders of thought, and of many clergymen, professors, and thinkers, the love of athletic sports increases day by day. How many learned opinions have I read in various publications, lay and medical, about the evil effects immediate and remote which must follow muscular development, as surely, if not as speedily, as night follows day.

Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson, an English medical writer of some note, said a few years ago that he did not believe that there was living in England at that time a professional or celebrated amateur athlete over fifty years of age who did not present symptoms of heart disease. Many of us can remember a novel by Wilkie Collins called “Man and Wife," written in great measure at least to decry the then increasing love of athletic sports in Great Britain. The late Senator Evarts is said to have attributed his long continued good health to the fact that he never took exercise. There used also to be a great deal said about the brutalizing tendencies of athletic sports. I remember my own father, after giving a reluctant consent to my rowing in a crew when in college, adding the admonition that I should not, if I rowed, allow myself to become a rowdy. Rowing men are not rowdies and athletic training teaches self-command and moderation rather than otherwise. How well I remember the words of a celebrated Boston surgeon of a generation ago, who told his son that rowing in races would surely lead to heart disease. This young man took little or no exercise in college, while his chum was in the university crew. Shortly after graduation from college, the former pricked his finger in the dissecting room and died of blood poisoning in a few days; whereas the

rowing man is now alive and in good health, and has practised medicine for nearly thirty years. I might add that the brother of the first mentioned young man was a foot-ball player in college, and is now alive and well.

There have been unfortunately too few observations upon the subsequent careers of university crew men, and it has been easy for medical writers, in discussing the subject, of the effect of exercise on the heart, to fall into that spirit said by Huxley to be engendered by the habit of speaking without the expectation of a reply.

Of course there are writers and speakers of considerable power and acumen who take the attitude that if the facts do not fit their theories, it is so much the worse for the facts. And there is also a habit of the medical mind to forbid all practices of the safety of which there can be a reasonable doubt, so that it is easier to say do not do that, it may hurt you in after years if not immediately, than to say candidly I do not know what the effect of severe exercise will be upon the heart. Fortunately a number of accurate observations have recently been made upor rowing men during training, and immediately after the races, and now G. L. Meylan reports the results of an investigation of the subsequent health of ore hundred and fifty-two Harvard oarsmen who rowed in boat races from 1852-1892. He chose oarsmen for investigation, inasmuch as there can be no ques tion of the severity of the exercise and its liability to produce immediate or remote effects upon the heart, if any exercise can. His observations coincided with those of Dr. Morgan, published in England in 1873 This gentleman followed up two hundred and ninetyfour Oxford and Cambridge oarsmen who rowed it University races in the forty years from 1829-69 All this testimony shows that severe training and rowing four-mile races does not produce heart dis ease, nor any other form of disease, and that oar men live longer and are happier, healthier, and the fathers of larger families than other educated men generally. And Meylan's investigation shows that a larger percentage of these oarsmen have attained distinction in letters and in the learned professions than college graduates who did not row.

It shows that of the college graduates whe names appear in "Who's Who in America," of th average graduate the percentage is 2.1; of the P Beta Kappa men it is 5.9, and of the oarsmen it s 8.3.

It is now up to these gentlemen who have sa such sweeping things about the injury which sever exercise in general, and rowing in particular, may flict upon the health, to produce some trustworthy evidence in refutation of Dr. Morgan and M Meylan, or to confess, what the writer has all the time suspected, that they were going to the imagination for their facts, or relying upon hear and unverified evidence in support of their prec ceived notions.

The observations of Dr. Morgan and Mr. Meyla must be very comforting to many anxious parents who cannot keep their sons out of the college creas as well as to numerous writers and thinkers, w have the welfare of their race at heart. For tr one might as well try to make water run up hi to try to stem the present rage for athletics.

A brilliant writer said to me the other day, that the world seems to be reverting to the old Greci love of physical prowess and admiration for th body beautiful. Of course, we are a long way in this yet.

Fancy our hollow-chested, pigeon-te women with their square hips and hour-glass was dressed as the Greeks used to dress. Fancy average business man with his protuberant pausi