Argus, The, illegal capture of, by Great Brit-
ain, IV, 362.

Redress for, referred to, IV, 366.
Arias, Tomas, correspondence of, from Pan-
ama, X, 574, 575.

Arickaree Indians, allotment of lands in sev-
eralty to, referred to, VIII, 196.
Arid Lands. (See Irrigation.)
Arizona Territory.-One of the Southwestern
Territories of the United States; motto,
"Ditat Deus." It is separated from the Pa-
cific Ocean on the west by California and
Nevada, and bounded on the north by Utah
and Nevada, on the east by New Mexico, and
on the south by the Republic of Mexico. It
lies between the parallels 31° 20′ and 37°
north lat. and the meridians of 109" and
114° 45' west long., including an area of 113,-
020 sq. miles. In 1905 the white population
of Arizona was 175,000. In addition to these
are the Apache, Moqui, Pueblo, Arivaipa,
Chemehuevi, Cohahuila, Cocopa, Walapai,
Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo, Papago, Pima,
and Paiute Indians. The chief industry is
mining gold, silver, and copper. In the north-
ern portion of the Territory there are large
pine forests and the lumber trade is rapidly
progressing. The surface of the Territory is
much broken by the erosion of the streams,
which cut deep gorges in the rocks, the
Grand Canyon of the Colorado at some points
being more than a mile deep. The greater
portion of the Territory was acquired by
treaty with Mexico in 1848, the remainder by
the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. It is one of
the organized Territories of the United
States and possesses a legislature. (See
Territories.)

Arizona Territory:

Act to authorize leasing of lands for educa-
tional purposes in, vetoed, IX, 670.
Admission to Statehood proposed, XI, 1178.
Appropriation for, recommended, VIII, 104.
Barracks, etc., within limits of Military De-

partment of, construction of, recommended,
VIII, 109.

Bill to authorize issuance of bonds in aid of
railroads in, vetoed, IX, 88.
Indian outrages in, discussed, VIII, 348, 358.

Lands in-

Claims under Spanish and Mexican grants,
discussed, IX, 49, 75, 126.
Records of Mexican Government regard-
ing, VII, 303.

Set apart as public reservation by procla-
mation, IX, 376; X, 468, 494, 505, 520, 866;
XI, 1101.

Lawlessness prevailing in, and means for
suppressing, discussed, VIII, 53, 76, 101.
Proclamation against, VIII, 122.
Population of, V, 514, 568.

Territorial government for, recommended,
V, 456, 514, 569.
Arkansas. One of the United States'; nick-
name, the "Bear State;" motto, "Regnant
Populi" (The people rule). It is bounded by
Missouri on the north, on the east by Ten-
nessee and Mississippi (from both of which
it is separated by the Mississippi River), on
the south by Louisiana, and on the west by
Texas and Indian Territory. It extends from
lat. 33° to 36° 30′ north and from long. 89°
40 to 94° 42' west. It contains 53,850 sq.
miles, and in 1905 the population was 1,750.-
000. By legislative enactment the name of the
State is pronounced Ar'kan-saw. The State

contains rich forests of oak, pine, walnut,
hickory, cypress, cedar, and other lumber-
producing timber. Coal, iron, and building
stone exist in abundance. The Mississ-
ippi River bottom lands are a fine cotton
region. One of the curiosities of the State
is the large number of medicinal springs, the
most popular of which the Hot Springs-is
visited annually by thousands of people.
One spring in Fulton County discharges 15,-
000 barrels of water per day, at a tempera-
ture of 60°. The State was first settled by
the French in 1685, and formed part of the
Louisiana Purchase of 1803. It was organ-
ized as a Territory Mar. 2, 1819, admitted as
a State into the Union June 15, 1836, seceded
May 6, 1861, and was readmitted June 22, 1868.
Arkansas (see also Confederate States):
Act for admission of, into Union vetoed, VI,
648.

Acts of governor should be legalized, II, 232.
Admission of, into Union, constitution
adopted, III, 225.

Boundary of, II, 226.

Constitution of, referred to, VI, 632.
Defalcation of officers in, II, 375.

Election disturbances in, and claims of per-
sons to governorship discussed, VII, 264,
265, 298, 319.

Proclamation regarding, VII, 272.

Lands granted to, in aid of railroads referred
to, VI, 382.

Marshal of United States in, advance of pub-
lic moneys to, referred to, V, 302.
Military governor of, office of, abolished, VI,
176.

Public lands in, proclamation regarding un-
lawful possession of, II, 543.

Restoration of, into Union, discussed, VI,

222, 251.

Road in, from Little Rock to Cantonment
Gibson, II, 366.

Secretary of, appointment of, revoked, VI,
176.

Arkansas Northwestern Railway Co., act au-
thorizing construction of railroad by, through
Indian Territory vetoed, IX, 580.
Arkansas Post (Ark.), Battle of.-Jan. 10,
1863, an expedition under command of Gen.
McClernand and convoyed by Admiral Por-
ter's fleet of gunboats moved against Fort
Hindman, at Arkansas Post, on the Arkan-
sas River. Jan. 11 a combined attack was
begun, which was maintained until 4 o'clock
in the afternoon, when the post, with 5,000
prisoners, was surrendered to the Union
forces. The Federal loss in the action was
977 killed, wounded, and missing.
Armed Neutrality:

Confederacy of, discussed, V, 275.
In Middle States, discussed, VI, 24.
Armenians.-Inhabitants of Armenia. They
belong to the Aryan family of nations. Ar-
menia is the classical name of the Hebrew
Ararat, Assyrian Urartu, the country which
extends from the shores of Lake Van, be-
tween the Upper Euphrates and Media,
forming the juncture between the high pla-
teau of Iran and the table-land of Asia Mi-
nor. It is the original seat of one of the
oldest civilized peoples in the world. Ac-
cording to their records they were governed
in ancient times by independent kings, but
afterwards became tributary to the Assyrians.
After the Assyrian period Armenia became
a dependency of Persia and Media. Subse-

Armenians-Continued.

quently it was conquered by Alexander the Great, and later it passed under the nominal supremacy of Parthia and Rome. Then it was ruled by Persian, Byzantine, and Arabic governors until the dynasty of the Bagratides, which came to an end in 1045. The last vestige of Armenian independence was destroyed by the Mamelukes in 1375. Since that date they have been without an independent state, their country being divided between Persia, Turkey, and Russia. They still have an independent church, with the seat of government at Constantinople. In 1894 the greatest cruelties were visited upon Armenians in Turkey, in part because they were Christians. These atrocities were so great as to shock the civilized world. It was claimed that some of those upon whom outrages were committed were persons who had declared their intention to become citizens of the United States. Our consuls were sent there to make investigation of these atrocities and cruelties, and important diplomatic correspondence followed. Assurances were given by Turkey that our countrymen should be secured and protected in all their rights (IX, 557, 637, 663, 715). Armenians:

Cruelties and atrocities committed upon, in
Turkey discussed, IX, 557, 637, 715.
Investigation of, by American consul dis-
cussed, IX, 557, 637.
Referred to, IX, 658.

Obtaining citizenship in United States and returning to Turkey expelled, discussed, IX, 440, 530; X, 210.

Treatment of naturalized citizens of United States of Armenian origin by Turkey, IX, 663.

Armistead, George, mentioned, II,132.
Armor and Armor Plate:

Discussed, IX, 324, 450, 540.

Manufacture of, in United States recommended, VIII, 515.

Tests of, discussed, IX, 117, 200. Armories. (See Arsenals and Magazines.) Arms and Ammunition.-The use of firearms followed close upon the invention (about 1320) of gunpowder. The use of gunpowder in military operations in England dates from 1346. Gibbon writes of a cannon used at the siege of Adrianople by Mahomet II in 1543. During that year the first English cannon was cast at Uckfield, Sussex. The arquebuse and musket were evolved by successive improvements on the large guns. The Swiss are said to have had 10,000 arquebusiers in 1471. At the battle of Pavia, in 1525, the Spaniards, under Emperor Charles V, with a force of 2,000 arquebusiers and 800 musketeers, defeated Francis I of France, the effectiveness of the firearms turning the tide of battle. The flintlock came into use in 1630, was introduced into England under William III, and was effectively used as late as 1840 in the British army. The Landgrave of Hesse armed his followers with rifles in 1631. The Fergusson breech-loading rifle was in use throughout the entire Revolutionary War, though the flintlock was the principal weapon used. The first practical breech-loading firearm made in the United States was that patented by Hall in 1811. About 10,000 were made for the Govern

ment, the inventor superintending their manufacture at the Harpers Ferry Arsenal until his death in 1844. In 1854 Congress made an appropriation for breech-loading rifles, and experiments in this arm were conducted until the breaking out of the Civil War, during the progress of which the Government manufactured and purchased at home and abroad over 4,000,000 small arms of between 25 and 30 different patterns. Among these were breech-loading rifles and carbines and a magazine gun-the Henry. In 1866, 1869, and 1872 boards of officers were appointed to report upon a desirable small arm, and their investigations led to the adoption in 1873 of the Springfield rifle, which remained in use for 20 years. The decade between 1880 and 1890 witnessed a further development in small arms in the substitution of magazines for the single breech-loading apparatus, a decrease in the caliber of the ball, and the adoption of smokeless powder. The different forms of gunpowder used in military operations in America as well as in foreign countries until within the last few years were essentially the same as those used a century or more ago. Ever since the invention of gun cotton by Schönbein in 1845 scientific attention has been directed to the manufacture of smokeless powder. The French seem to have been the first to compound a successful smokeless powder for use in small arms. The material used is a form of melinite and belongs to the nitrocellulose or nitro-gun-cotton preparations. The powder is not absolutely smokeless, but the film of smoke arising from individual rifle firing is not visible for more than 300 yards. Among the latest explosives produced in the United States are cannonite, fulgurite, progressite, Americanite, and Schnebelite. The Army has several depots for the storage of powder, the principal one of which is near Dover, N. J. Powder for both branches of the service is supplied by private firms. Projectiles for the naval guns are made at the Naval Gun Foundry at Washington, D.C. The armor-piercing shells are carefully machined and tempered, and much more expensive to make than ordinary projectiles. In 1892 the United States adopted the Krag-Jörgensen cut-off model magazine rifle. The rifle adopted 1903 and still in use is the United States (Springfield) magazine rifle, its caliber is 7.62 millimeters or 30 inches, its velocity 2.300 ft. per second, its penetration power at 53 ft. being 54.7 in white pine and it carries five rounds of ammunitions. These rifles are made chiefly at the Springfield and Rock Island Arsenals. The old modified Krag-Jörgensen rifles are being repaired and supplied to the militia of various States. Arms and Ammunition:

Contract for, referred to, VI, 597.
Delivery of, to-

State arsenals referred to, V, 306. Territories and District of Columbia to receive supplies not to exceed the quota of a state with least representation in Congress, VIII, 574; IX, 27.

Exportation of, order prohibiting, VI, 125.
Extended, VI, 235.

Modified, VI, 178.
Recommended, I, 385.
Rescinded, VI, 335-

Arms and Ammunition-Continued. Gunpowder manufactory, erection of, recommended, III, 391, 497.

Loans of, to private citizens inquired into,
II, 67.

Manufactory for small arms recommended,
III, 391, 497.
Manufacture of-

Progress made in, I, 311, 486.

Should be encouraged, 1, 265, 307, 455.
Statement of, II, 28.

Patent rifle, expenditures relating to procure-
ment and properties of, II, 370.
Statement of, II, 198, 201, 221.
Supply of, I, 476.
Armstrong, John:

Communicating letter from the French minister of foreign relations showing disposition of the French people towards the people of the United States, I, 446, 449. Army. The earliest American military establishment consisted of two parts, the continental army, organized by the Continental Congress June 15, 1775, and the militia (q.v.), organized by the States, averaging between the years 1775 and 1781 about 60,000 men, though often not more than half that number were in active service. The War Department (q.v.) was established by act of Congress Aug. 7, 1789. Nov. 5, 1783, the army was disbanded and 1,000 men retained until the peace establishment could be organized. Though temporarily increased by Indian wars and troubles with France, the Federal forces numbered only from 3,000 to 5,000 men at the outbreak of the War of 1812. During that war the number of regular troops was more than 30,000, and 470,000 militia were enlisted. Up to the time of the Mexican War the army averaged 9,000 men. During that war the regular troops enrolled numbered 27,000 and the volunteers 74,000. With the return of peace the regular forces were reduced to 10,000, and later increased to 12,000. During the first year of the Civil War the regular army was increased to 35,000 by the addition of 11 regiments, viz: One of cavalry, 1,189 officers and men; I of artillery, 12 batteries, 6 pieces each, 1,909 men; 9 of infantry, consisting of 3 battalions of 8 companies each, 22,068 officers and men; but the number of militia and volunteers was very much larger. President Lincoln's first call, issued April 15, 1861, was for 75,000 men for 3 months' service (VI, 13). Later enlistments were mostly for 3 years. At the beginning of 1862 the number of volunteers in the army was 550,000, and during the next three years it was 900,000. At the close of the war the Federal army numbered 1,000,000. The total number of enlistments was 2,688,523 (VII, 202). In 1867 the "peace establishment" of the regular army was fixed at 54,641 men. It was then reduced by successive enactments to 25,000 enlisted men in 1875. At the beginning of 1898 the peace establishment of the army consisted of 10 regiments cavalry, 8,410; 5 regiments artillery, 2,900; 25 regiments infantry, 13,525; I engineer battalion, 216; total, 25,051. This did not include brigade and staff officers. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War 2 additional regiments of artillery were added to the regular forces and the line of the army was reorganized on the basis of 2 battalions of 4 companies each to the regi

ment, and 2 skeleton companies. In case of a declaration of war these skeleton companies were to be manned, and, with 2 other companies for which authority to raise was granted, were to form the third battalion in each infantry regiment. Under the provisions of a law approved March 2, 1899, the regular army establishment was fixed at about 27,700 officers and men. To meet the exigencies of the service in the newly acquired possessions, the President was authorized to maintain the regular army at a strength of 65,000 enlisted men and to raise a force of 35,000 volunteers, to be recruited from the country at large or from the localities where their services are needed, "without restriction as to citizenship or educational qualifications."

The law further provided for the reduction of the army to its normal strength not later than July 1, 1901.

According to an act of Congress approved February 21, 1901, it was provided that the army shall consist of fifteen regiments of cavalry, a corps of artillery (see Artillery), thirty regiments of infantry, three battalions of engineers, a provisional force of five thousand men, one lieutenant-general, six major-generals, and fifteen brigadier-generals. This act also abolished the "canteen from the army, that is, prohibited the sale of beer or any intoxicating liquors at the army posts. The organization of the army was further modified by an act of Congress approved February 14, 1903, which created the General Staff Corps. This consists of the Chief of Staff, who takes the place of the Commanding General of the Army, two general officers detailed by the President from the regular army not below the grade of brigadier-general, and forty-two officers of minor grade similarly detailed by the President. It is the duty of the General Staff Corps to prepare plans for the national defense and for the mobilization of the military forces in time of war; to assist the Secretary of War in increasing the efficiency of the military establishment; and in case of war to act as a Board of Strategy. The Chief of Staff has supervision of all troops of the line, the Military Secretary's Office, the Inspector-General's, Judge-Advocate-General's Quartermaster's, Subsistence, Medical, Pay, and Ordnance Departments, the Corps of Engineers and Signal Corps. This law also provided for the merging of the Adjutant-General's Office and the Record, and Pension Office into one office to be known as the Military Secretary's Office (see War, Department of). On January 15, 1904 a general rearrangement of military commands was established, which organized the territory of the United States geographically into five grand military divisions each of which is subdivided into two or more military Departments. A major-general is in command of each Division, and each Department, with one exception, is under the command of a brigadier-general. The Atlantic coast and Gulf coast as far as Louisiana, the Canadian frontier as far as Lake Erie and the States lying east of the line extending from Erie, Pa. to Mobile, Alabama, comprise the Atlantic Division which is divided into the Department of the East and the Department of the Gulf. The great stretch of 1

Army-Continued.

country drained by the Ohio, the Missouri, and the upper Mississippi valleys and the States along the Canadian frontier from Lake Erie to western Montana comprise the Northern Division, which is divided into the Department of the Lakes, the Department of the Missouri and the Department of Dakota. The lower Mississippi valley and the southwestern States and Territories, the Gulf coast to Louisiana and Texas and the States on the Mexican border comprise the Southwestern Division which is divided into the Department of Texas and the Department of the Colorado. The Pacific coast line embracing the States on the Pacific slope, those drained by the Columbia River, the Territory of Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands comprise the Pacific Division which is divided into the Department of California and the Department of the Columbia. The Philippine Division includes the Department of Luzon, the Department of the Visayas, and the Department of Mindanao. The Department commander is responsible for the sanitation of posts and camps, for the discipline, shelter, supplies, and the instruction of troops within the limits of his Department. The duties of the Division commander pertain to the higher functions of command. He originates, directs, and approves military operations in the several Departments embraced by his Division, and gives particular attention to all matters pertaining to the inspection of troops, including the organized militia (q.v.) and the military departments of colleges within the limits of his Division. He also has supervision of manoeuvers when authorized by the War Department and is charged with the duty of making a thorough study of the frontier pertaining to his Division and the preparation of plans for mobilization and concentration of all forces under his command, regular, volunteer, and militia. The army is recruited from citizens of the U. S. between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five. Enlisted men receive thirteen dollars per month and also rations, clothing, shelter, and medical attendance. The officers are taken from the United States Military Academy (q.v.), from enlisted men by competitive examination; and by appointment from civil life. There is a comprehensive system of military education for the outline of which see Military Schools and Colleges. The theoretical strength of the army, according to the act of February 2, 1901, was 64,310, of which number 3,860 were commissioned officers. This act also provided that the army should not exceed 100,000. The actual strength of the regular army was, on October 15, 1904, 3,744 officers and 56,439 enlisted men, there being 43,570 men in the United States, and 11,538 in the Philippine Islands. Following is a list of the commanders of the army since 1775, together with their respective ranks and the period of command. Gen. George Washington, June 17, 1775, to Dec. 23, 1783; Maj. Gen. Henry Knox, Dec. 23, 1783, to June 20, 1784; Capt. John Doughty (artillery), June 20, 1784, to Aug. 12, 1784; Lieut. Col. Josiah Harmar (infantry), Aug. 12, 1784. to Mar. 4, 1791; Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Mar. 4, 1791, to Mar. 5, 1792; Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne,

Apr. 13, 1792, to Dec. 15, 1796; Brig. Gen. James Wilkinson, Dec. 15, 1796, to July 13, 1798; Lieut. Gen. George Washington, July 13, 1798, to Dec. 14, 1799; Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton, Dec. 14, 1799, to June 15, 1800; Brig. Gen. James Wilkinson, June 15, 1800, to Jan. 27, 1812; Maj. Gen. Henry Dearborn, Jan. 27, 1812, to June 15, 1815; Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown, June 15, 1815, to Feb. 24, 1828; Maj. Gen. Alexander Macomb, May 29, 1828, to June 25, 1841; Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott, July 5, 1841, to Nov. 1, 1861; Maj. Gen. George Brinton McClellan, Nov. 1, 1861, to Mar. II, 1862; Maj. Gen. Henry Wager Halleck, July 23, 1862, to Mar. 9, 1864; Gen. Ulysses Simpson Grant, Mar. 9, 1864, to Mar. 4, 1869; Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, Mar. 8, 1869, to Nov. 1, 1883; Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan, Nov. 1, 1883, to Aug. 5, 1888; Lieut. Gen. John McAllister Schofield, Aug. 14, 1888, to Sept. 29, 1895; Lieut. Gen. Nelson Appleton Miles, Oct. 5, 1895, to Aug. 8, 1903; Lieut. Gen. Samuel B. M. Young, Aug. 8, 1903, to Jan. 9, 1904; Lieut. Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, Jan. 9, 1904, to Feb. 1, 1906; Lieut. Gen. John C. Bates, Feb. 1, 1906 to the present time.

Army (see also Militia; War Department): Absence of soldiers of, orders and proclamation regarding, VI, 119, 163.

Act

Depriving President of command of, discussed, VI, 472.

Repeal of recommended, VI, 673. Fixing military establishment vetoed, I,

211.

Making certain debts of soldiers, lien against pay recommended, VIII, 85. Providing for additional medical officers in volunteer service vetoed,VI, 88. Annuities for families of deceased soldiers recommended, VII, 473.

Appointments in, IV, 281.

Appropriations for. (See War Department.) Artillery tactics for use of, prepared, II, 361. Asylum for aged and disabled members of. (See Soldiers' Home.)

Barracks, permanent, for, recommended, III, 537.

Battalion formation in, recommendations regarding, IX, 196, 446, 535.

Brevet appointments in, referred to, VI, 384. Brevet rank

Conferred for services in Indian wars, IV,

155.

Discussed, II, 439; V, 21.

Cavalry tactics for use of, prepared, II, 361. Certificate of merit granted enlisted men, additional pay to, recommended, VIII, 148. Changes in, X, 445, 446, 656.

Chaplains for hospitals, recommended, VI, 48. Clothing accounts of enlisted men in, referred to, VIII, 73.

Manufactured in United States referred to, II, 66, 116.

Command and rank in. (See Officers of, post.)

Commanders of. (See Enc. Art., Army.) Commanding officers and men praised by President Roosevelt, X, 497.

Commanders of. (See Enc. Art., Army.) Conduct of, in Mexican War, discussed, IV, 631.

Courts-martial in. (See Courts-Martial; Courts, Military.)

Deserters from

VII, 572.

Portion of pay withheld so as to prevent,
II, 305.

Reduction in, IX, 115, 196.

Discussed by President-

Adams, J. Q., II, 305, 359, 387.
Arthur, VIII, 49, 137, 245.

Cleveland, VIII, 347, 514, 788; IX, 445, 534,
726.

Grant, VII, 108, 193, 248, 294, 350, 406.
Harrison, Benj,, IX, 115, 196, 319.
Hayes, VII, 472, 499, 572, 617.

Jackson, II, 603; III, 32, 113, 168.

Jefferson, I, 329, 345, 385, 406.
Johnson, VI, 363, 451, 575, 683.
Lincoln, VI, 48.

McKinley, X, 95, 116, 160, 224.

Madison, I, 476, 486, 494, 505,528,548,553, 564.

Monroe, II, 50, 111, 188, 211, 254.

Pierce, V, 215, 286, 408.

Polk, IV, 410, 426, 631.

Roosevelt, 445, 497.

Tyler, IV, 89, 268.

Van Buren, III, 390, 537.

Washington, I, 60, 65, 83, 122, 126, 184.

Education in, discussed, VII, 618; IX, 447;
X, 447.

Elections, interference in, by, inquired into,

III, 96.

Prohibited, VI, 668.

Enlisted men in, orders establishing limits
of punishment for, IX, 167, 602.
Eulogy on the army of the United States by
President Roosevelt, won by their gallantry
and efficiency in the Cuban and Philip-
pine campaigns, X, 497, 499, 829.
Executions in, contrary to law, referred to,
II, 66.

Expenditures of. (See War Department.)
Field manoeuvers of, X, 446, 835; XI, 1157.
General Staff of, X, 446, 657.

Imprisonment of American citizens by offi-
cers in, referred to, VII, 55.
Increase in, III, 497; V, 15.

Recommended, 1, 441, 549, 553; III, 254,
389; IV, 426, 504; 21, 87, 130, 178, 215,
286, 297. 408, 456, 458; VÍ, 48; VII, 376,
472; VIII, 50; IX, 41; X, 116.

Indian campaigns. (See Indian Wars.)
Indians enlisted in, discussed, IX, 196.
Insane asylum for. (See Government Hos-
pital for Insane.)

Inspector-General of. (See Inspector-Gen-
eral of Army.)

Intoxicating liquors, order prohibiting sale
of, in, VII, 640.

Lands granted persons who have served in.
(See Lands, Bounty.)

Large standing, unnecessary in time of

peace,

1, 329; III, 170, 390; IV, 48, 413; V, 200.
Legislation for, referred to, VI, 387.
Measures for efficiency of, recommended,
VII, 194, 294, 350.

Medical corps for, recommended, VII, 194.
Medical Department of, reorganization of,
referred to, VI, 81.

Mileage system, repeal of law abolishing,
recommended, VII, 350.

Military establishment act vetoed, I, 211.
Military peace establishment discussed, II,
III; IV, 603; VI, 363, 683.

Military statute of limitations against de-
sertions recommended, VII, 572.

Modern rifles for, recommended, IX, 196.
Nominations—

Correspondence regarding, IV, 419, 517,
518, 586.

Reasons therefor, III, 556; IV, 446, 517,518,
520.

Withdrawn, II, 126.

Northwestern, referred to, II, 33-

Number of men and officers in, referred to,
VI, 380.

Office of Inspector-General in. (See In-
spector-General of Army.)

Officers and soldiers of temporary, dis-
charged, I, 306.

Officers of-

Absence of, orders and proclamation re-

garding, VI, 119, 163.

Accounts of, referred to, II, 237.

Additional grades of, referred to, V, 96.

Annuities for families of deceased, recom-
mended, VII, 350, 408, 499.

Appointments and promotions, brevet rank
discussed, II, 439; V, 21.

Appointments and promotions of, III, 556;
IV, 419, 446, 517, 518, 587.

Recommendations regarding, VIII, 514,
789.

Assignments of, to duty referred to, VI, 67.
Brevet rank conferred upon, for service in
Indian wars, IV, 155.

Brevetted, II, 242.

Commissions of brevet and staff, referred
to, V, 21.

Details of, to colleges and universities from
retired list recommended, VII, 618.
Increase in number of, recommended, I,
122, 505, 519.

Law authorizing retirement of, when in-
competent recommended, V, 88.

Letter of John Randolph, jr., demanding
that certain, be punished for insulting, I,
301.
Pay of-

Equalization of, with naval officers dis-
cussed, III, 35.

Inequality in, between naval officers and,
discussed, II, 460.

Question of restraining, from usurping
powers of civil functionaries referred to,
V, 96.

Details for colleges and universities from,
recommended, VII, 618.

Recommended, V, 88, 178, 338; VIII, 137.
Repeal of act limiting number on, recom-
mended, VII, 473.

Organization of, report relating to, trans-
mitted. II, 429.

Pardon's granted deserters. (See Pardons.)
Partial reorganization of, recommended, V,
339.
Pay of-

In depreciated paper inquired into, III, 96.
Increase in, discussed, V, 286.

Revision of, recommended, III, 256.
Payment of, resolution providing for, ap-
proved. VI, 149.