ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA

AND

PHARMACOGNOSY

SAYRE

:

OF

ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA

AND

PHARMACOGNOSY

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE VEGE-
TABLE KINGDOM AND THE VEGETABLE

AND ANIMAL DRUGS.

COMPRISING

THE BOTANICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SOURCE,
CONSTITUENTS, PHARMACOPOEIAL PREPARATIONS,
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DRUGS, AND
PHARMACAL BOTANY.

BY

LUCIUS E. SAYRE, B.S., PH. M.,

DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY; PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS; MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE OF REVISION OF
THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPŒIA.

THIRD EDITION, REVISED.

WITH

HISTOLOGY AND MICROTECHNIQUE

BY

WILLIAM C. STEVENS,

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS.

WITH 377 ILLUSTRATIONS,

THE MAJORITY OF WHICH ARE FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS
AND PHOTOMICROGRAPHS.

PHILADELPHIA:

P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.,

IOI 2 WALNUT STREET.

22.9.3857

COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY P. BLAKISTON'S SON & Co.

"Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, Eighth
Decennial Revision, in this volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the United
States Pharmacopoeial Convention, which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accur-
acy of any translations of the official weights and measures or for any statements as to strength
of official preparations."

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

To the student and the instructor who are acquainted with the progress of pharmacy it is apparent that the publication of the eighth decennial revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia demands a revision of all works bearing upon Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy. The decennial revision marks an important epoch in the history of pharmacy, and a general recognition of this is shown by the more or less prompt conformity to this latest standard of other works bearing upon it.

In the special line of Pharmacognosy there has been recently a vast deal of research, and a proper recognition of this demands a revision of works relating thereto. One branch of this-histology-has greatly increased our store of knowledge. This field alone has greatly added to the labor of preparing the manuscript of the present edition. In connection with this part of the work the author desires to express his indebtedness to Mr. Chas. Sterling and Mr. L. D. Havenhill; through the co-operation of these associates in the University it has been made possible for the author to present such additions to the work as the microscopical elements of vegetable powders and to furnish photo-micrographs of various drug sections. The author desires to give these associates the entire credit for this work. It has been necessary to review the whole field of Materia Medica in order to add the new and useful drugs, assayed drugs and preparations, plant constituents and active principles, and to eliminate. those which no longer serve the student or the instructor representing this extensive subject.

To the chapter on organic chemicals has been added a large number of modern synthetic remedies. The aim has been to present those remedies actually prescribed by physicians and dispensed by pharmacists. This could be accomplished only by compiling such a list from recent prescription files and from orders from wholesale and jobbing houses. The author is much indebted for help in this direction to Mr. H. D. Faxon, with Faxon, Horton and Galligher, of Kansas City, Mo.

The present edition aims to give the present facts regarding Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy in as concise a form as possible. Many of the former articles have been reduced in length in order to prevent undue