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to be part of the original foundation of the temple, under the altar of sacrifice, and down the sloping side of which the blood of the victims ran into an underground channel. The "Well of Souls" is pointed ont, in a crypt below the rock, for good Mohammedans; and above, on the sacred stone, the print of the foot of Mohammed's camel, from whence he is supposed to have ascended. There was not much time allowed for examination, for the whole party were hurried along by the guide, a venerable looking priest, who led the way, shouting, "Yalla, yalla,' (go on, go on.) We were next shown the smaller Mosque of El Aksa, built as a Christian Church by Justinian. There are some fine stained glass windows in it. Underneath this Mosque are the vaults made for bringing the ground to the proper level for the temple of Solomon. It appears that the northwest side of Mount Moriah was cut away, and the south and south-east raised on vaults, to secure the even space required for the enclosure. Such magnificent and massive stones used in this subterranean work! so beautifully fitted and joined! and the heavy massive pillars, ornamented with elegant carvings, though now greatly worn! On viewing only the substructure, we could now fully understand the appropriateness of the disciples' remark, "See what goodly stones and buildings are here;" and we thought of those blessed eyes which had rested on such as these! In the smaller Mosque is shown the print of the foot of the prophet Jesus; and down in another vault his stone cradle! It seemed quite blasphemous.

The "Golden Gate," now walled up, is built of the same description of massive stones, and the interior supported by the same kind of heavy pillars as those seen in the vaults. From the top of the gate is a fine view of the valley of Jehoshaphat, Mount of Olives, Garden of Gethsemane, and Mountains of Moab. In the City Wall, on the right hand side, is shown the stone on which Mohammed will sit to judge the world. Awful even to write it!

Close to our hotel was pointed out the house of Dives, and the stone on which Lazarus sat; also the spot where our Lord was supposed to have fallen when carrying his cross. In a bye street near the Holy Sepulchre, we were shown, in a wall, the stones, with curious openings like mouths, which members of the Greek Church kiss, and are said to be those which cried out against the Jews. One wants leisure for meditation on what is real, instead of listening to tales of man's device. After making some purchases from Isaac, the Hebrew seal-cutter, he agreed to our proposal, that he should accompany us to the Jews wailing-place, being, Friday, on the lower part of Mount Moriah inside the city walls. We passed two Saracenic fountains, and one of the entrances of the Mosque of Omar, by filthy pools, and along a narrow descent, meeting Jews of both sexes, going to and returning from the place; the women wearing a white veil on their heads, but their faces uncovered, and with red eyes and downcast looks.

We reached the place where they press their foreheads to the joinings of their once glorious Temple, and heard their low sad chanting of the psalms and lamentations from the Hebrew books they carried in their hands. Many of the people were very old, and had come to die at Jerusalem. One could not help weeping with them and for them, and praying that their eyes may be opened to "look on Him whom they have pierced;" and that the glorious promises of the restoration of Israel may be speedily fulfilled.-Extracted from a charming little book entitled, "Sketches of a Tour in Egypt and Palestine." By a lady who takes a deep interest in the Total Abstinence Movement.

A Band of Hope Festival.

On Friday, the 29th of May, Mrs. Cope, of the Manor House, Loughgall, well known by her efforts in the Temperance cause, and in every good work, gave her annual entertainment, to the Bands of Hope of Annaghmore, Ternagreevah and Loughgall, number. ing nearly five hundred members. The children, boys and girls, carried flags with Temperance mottoes, and formed a procession nearly a quarter of a mile long. As they passed through the village "Old age forgot its crutch" to look at them, and parents stood together in little groups watching their children, and praying for a blessing on the kind lady who spares no trouble among her tenantry. When they entered the Manor gate and saw Mrs. Cope, with her children and visitors far away on the top of the hill waiting to receive them, a spontaneous cheer burst forth, sounding and re-echoing through the old lime tree avenue like a "Thanksgiving Psalm."

The children sat "in companies," and were plentifully served by willing hands and hearts with currantcake and tea,

The Rev. J. Blackburne Kane, Incumbent of Annaghmore, returned thanks, and after giving out a hymn, in which all the children joined, called on Mr. Atkinson, of Tandragee, to give an address on the "Love of God." Another hymn was sung, and another brief address by the Rev. Jackson Smith, of Armagh. The Rev. Mr. M'Alister, of the Scotch Church, Armagh, concluded with a most admirable address, and mentioned what pleasure it gave him to find that the children remembered so much of what he told them last year. Then, after a Temperance song, off went the children through the very beautiful grounds, some to the borders of the Lake, some to the gardens, some to the shaded avenues,

"Turning to mirth all things of earth,

As only childhood can.'

In the evening they all assembled again, and passed iu order before Mrs. Cope, who gave silver medals, to those who had not previously received them, while the Misses Cope gave a small book to each child of that numerous happy throng. One cheer, as loud and as long as three, was given for Mrs. Cope, and many a "God bless her" was quietly uttered. The gentlemen who kindly addressed them, the Rev. Mr. Kane, the visitors, the young heir (who is himself a member of the Band), and our good and gracious Queen, all were honored with a cheer from glad hearts. Among the visitors were many ladies and gentlemen of the neighborhood, who remained afterwards to partake of the hospitalities of the Manor-house

Only a little more than a week before this Mrs. Cope gave another entertainment to a Band of Hope on a distant part of the property. Quite distinct, but bound by the same principles, is her Total Abstinence Society for Adults,which numbers nine hundred and sixty-nine members.

A few years ago, and that prophet would have been treated as Cassandra, who would have the courage to predict that more than half the neighborhood would become teetotalers, an infant school (a perfect gem) built, refreshment and reading-rooms established, and better than all, families made happy. Yet these things have been done, and more good entered upon, with that unwearied love which marks those who are thoroughly devoted to their Master's work.

EARNEST WORDS.-THE WORKMEN OF DUBLIN, &c.

Earnest Words.

AND what has the temperance cause done to merit such treatment? Is the drinking system so "lovely," and the drink traffic of such "good report"? Or are abstainers such a class of men as to be put beyond the pale of the common charities and courtesies? Surely to put such questions is to answer them. Hundreds of the best ministers, and two-thirds of the students in Dr. M'Farlane's own Church have thrown themselves into the movement; and similar progress is to be seen in other communions and theological colleges, throughout the United Kingdom. It is perfectly notorious that the drinking system generates the whole bulk of the cases of Church discipline. It is universally felt to be the mightiest of all obstructions in every department of social, moral, and religious progress, and is an enormous waster of the gifts of a bountiful Providence, otherwise intended for the sustenance and comfort of the poor and the needy. Food is a sacred thing. It is beyond the power of man to produce one particle. It comes direct from God,-as direct as the manna of old, only by a little slower process. No one who has ever seen a famine-stricken people, when the "pale horse" rides over a land with death following, but must ever afterwards look upon food with altered feelings, and be pained at the sight of wanton waste either by young or old. What a monster of wickedness he would be held, who would on any pretence whatever, dash away the dish from a perishing mother and children! Yet this is nothing short of what, in effect, thousands of people held respectable, are doing throughout the land every day of their lives.

On this point allow me to quote the following glow. ing words of the Rev. Dr. Duff, who, at a meeting at Calcutta, once said, "If there were not a passage in the whole Bible bearing on the subject but that brief, but significant exhortation of the blessed Saviour, 'Gather up the fragments which remain, that nothing be lost;' that single passage would imprint not only on all spirit drinking, but on all unnecessary spirit making, the stamp of divine condemnation. Yes, that little passage not only bore on the conduct of habitual drinkers, habitual consumers or wasters of God's providential bounties, but bore, with the smashing force of a sledge hammer, on all who, from purely selfish and mercenary ends, aided and abbeted the production, and encouraged the consumption of an article which involved such an extravagant waste of these bounties.

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"Was the divine Redeemer so earnestly intent that nothing conducive to the maintenance of human life should be wasted, that, after a miracle of creation, He issued the command, Gather up the fragments' ? And is it not in direct contravention of the entire spirit, and even letter of this divine command, that men in our day seize on enormous quantities of the most nutritious grains which the earth produces, and throw them into vats and stills, for the express purpose of transforming them into deliterious substances, fit neither for the sustenance of man nor beast,-substances whose general tendency, is to impair the vital energies of soul and body,-substances the habitual use of which pours upon society myriads of the wretched and miserable, filling our jails with the perpetrators of crime, replenishing our hospitals with the victims of disease, and crowding our almshouses with the squalor and the raggedness of hunger-bitten poverty.

"In the name of the merciful and compassionate Saviour, we must surely protest and declare that such iniquitous waste and abuse of God's bounties are contrary to the entire spirit and letter, scope, tenor,

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and design of that gospel which proclaims peace on earth and good-will to men."

In every department of well-doing the "drinkdemon," as Lord Brougham truly affirmed, "C starts up before us wherever we go." In Sabbath school effort, in home and foreign missions, in every good and holy cause, it faces us at every step. Well, then, may ministers, of all men, throw themselves into the Temperance movement! All honor to those who do! May the rest soon follow their good and growing example. In no other way could they gain a better vantage ground of power and influence in their respective spheres. Even if disinclined as yet to take any prominent part in the cause, let them at least disdain to harbour such wretched jealousy against it, as it has been my painful duty to expose.

As sure as the final triumph of our holy religion in the world, the drinking system is doomed; and the sooner Zion's watchmen and all Christians come out of it, and stand aloof from it, and testify against it, the better. The Drink-Babylon then will speedily collapse, and heaven and earth will rejoice over its everlasting downfall.-From an able pamphlet, by Andrew Dunn, London.

The Workmen of Dublin and the

Whisky-sellers.

THE following excellent address to working men was recently circulated in Dublin, and we give insertion to it because it contains matter worthy of the attention of the workmen in all large cities:-"Workmen of Dublin, we who labor, find it very hard to sustain ourselves, while we support other people, who have no claim upon us. We give the whisky-sellers of Dublin about twenty thousand pounds per week, forty thousand pounds a fortnight, eighty thousand pounds a month,-ten hundred and forty thousand pounds paid by the working people of Dublin, every year, to purchase for themselves and their families drunkenness, poverty, sickness, strife, and sudden death. Behold the splendid whisky palaces of Dublin-look to the prosperous trade carried on in the lanes and alleys of our city-stand amazed no longer at the great opulence of the highly-respectable families who own them. One million and forty thousand pounds is a tremendous sum, all paid by us. Splendid mansions, race-horses, carriages, and princely fortunes, we procure for the whisky-makers and whisky-traders of our city, while we and our families often pine in want of the common necessaries of life. Look to the tradesman's home-examine the laborer's dwelling. See the wretched abode the genius, the talent, and the strength of our city has chosen, while providing princely grandeur for the people who supply whisky and every accommodation to the father who foolishly abandons his family for the pleasure of drunkeness; to the unnatural mother who strips her children-to the fallen daughter, lost to virtue-and the degraded youth sunk in dissipation. We have labored too long in support of these people. Let the honest sons of toil stand erect in their own native land, and keep their honest earnings to supply their own wants. Let the working people know and feel that they are the most noble, the most valuable, and ought to be the most independent, of the community. Let us never forget that strict sobriety will place us in our proper position as men and Christians. It was men of toil whom God chose for his apostles. We are also their descendants. The wages earned by the sweat of our brow should be held sacred. Let us remember that the man who destroys the laborer's wages is accursed. Oh! let not that man be the laborer himself."

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GEMS.

THERE is no hardship in poverty that is not bearable; no hardship even in honest dependence that an honest man may not put up with.

We have but to change the point of view, and the greatest actions look mean; as we turn the perspective glass and a giant becomes a pigmy.

No one knows how good the world is till grief comes to try us.

And so it is a pair of bright eyes with a dozen glances suffice to subdue a man; to enslave him; to make him even forget; they dazzle him, so that the past becomes straightway dim to him; and he so prizes them that he would give all his life to possess them. What is the fond love of dearest friends compared to this treasure? Is memory as strong as expectancy? fruition as hunger? gratitude as desire? I have looked at royal diamonds in the jewel rooms in Europe, and thought how wars have been made about them: Mogul sovereigns deposed and strangled for them, or ransomed with them: millions expended to buy them, and daring lives lost in digging out the little shining toys that I value no more than the button in my hat. And so there are other glittering baubles (of rare water, too), for which men have been set to kill and quarrel ever since mankind began; and which last but for a score of years, when their sparkle is over. Where are those jewels now that beamed under Cleopatra's forehead, or shone in the sockets of Helen?

FROM TUPPER.

He is a bold, bad man, who dareth to tamper with the dead;

For their whereabouts lieth in a mystery-that vestibule leading to eternity,

The waiting-room for unclad ghosts, before the presence-chamber of their king.

Mind may act upon mind, though bodies be far divided; For the life is in the blood, but souls communicate

unseen.

Life shall have no labyrinth, but thy steps can track it; For thou hast a silken clue, to lead thee through the darkness.

On all things created, remaineth the half-effaced signature of God,

Somewhat of fair and good, though blotted by the finger of corruption.

And if error cometh in like a flood, it mixeth with streams of truth;

And the adversary loveth to have it, for thereby many are decoyed.

There is not unmitigated ill in the sharpest of this world's sorrows.

Therefore look up, sad spirit, be strong, thou coward heart,

Or fear will make thee wretched, though evil follows not behind:

Cease to anticipate misfortune, there are still many

chances of escape;

But if it come, be courageous, face it, and conquer thy calamity.

There is not an enemy so stout as to storm and take the fortress of the mind,

Unless its infirmity turn traitor, and Fear unbar the gates.

The valiant standeth as a rock, and the billows break upon him;

The timorous is a skiff, unmoored, tost and mocked at by a ripple.

A bold man or a fool must he be, who would change his lot with another;

It were a fearful bargain, and mercy hath lovingly refused:

For we know the worst of ourselves, but the secrets of another we see not;

And better is certain bad, than the doubt and dread of worse.

There is joy in sorrow, which none but a mourner can know.

Life is a morsel of frankincense burning in the hall of Eternity.

Life is oft so like a dream, that we know not where

we are.

FROM ALFRED AUSTIN. Oh! death! beautiful death! Why do they thee disfigure? To me thy touch, thy breath, Hath not alarm nor rigour. Thee do I long await; I think thee very late; I pine much to be going; Others have gone before,

I hunger more and more To know what they are knowing.

FROM TENNYSON.

And the vitriol madness flashes up in the ruffian's head,
Till the filthy by-lane rings to the yell of the trampled wife;
While chalk and alum and plaster are sold to the poor for
bread,

And the spirit of murder works in the very means of life.

It seemed so hard at first, mother, to leave the blessed sun,
And now it seems as hard to stay, and yet His will be done!
But still I think it can't be long before I find release,
And that good man, the clergyman, has told me words of
peace.

O blessings on his kindly voice, and on his silver hair!
And blessings on his whole life long, until he meet me there!
O blessings on his kindly heart, and on his silver head!
A thousand times I blest him, as he knelt beside my bed.
He taught me all the mercy, for he showed me all the sin;
Now, though my lamp was lighted late, there's ONE will let
me in;

Nor would I now be well, mother, again, if that could be,
For my desire is but to pass to Him that died for me.

SHAM PLEASURES.-I have been into some of the music halls in London, in Liverpool, in Leeds, and now I must confess that I never came away without feeling heart sore. I know people will be amused, and after all there is some philosophy in manly sport and a merry laugh. But can't you open a music hall without converting it into a tavern? Can't you give us the voice of song, and snatches of celestial harmony, without the temptation of drink, and away from the company of harlots and knaves? We have some sham ways of enjoying ourselves most truly. Last night I saw a poor woman, with a white face, peeping round the door of a public-house a little before twelve o'clock. "My lord" was enjoying himself within. Was it any enjoyment to his wife to watch and wait there in the cold, dreary rain, her patience perhaps rewarded presently with curses and blows? You call yonder man a jolly good fellow. Do his children feel very jolly when they are hungry and there is no food? Is that manliness to steal a little child's bread to feed our selfishness, and buy brass and mahogany for the "Green Swan" or the "Cow and Pigeons." There are young men out tonight to " see life" they say; but far away in some quiet home, unknown to you and me, tears will start from fond eyes, and this "seeing life" will pierce with sorrow many a mother's heart-that sacred temple of almost unspeakable and unchanging love. Oh, if there were not a sham at the bottom of our young men they would "see life" in something dif ferent to that which broke mothers' hearts, and snapped the dearest and most blessed of all human ties. From a Lecture on "Shams" by John De Fraine.

ON THE APPEARANCE OF GHOSTS, SPECTRES, &c.

On the appearance of Ghosts, Spectres, &c.

It is well known to medical men, that nine-tenths of the disorders prevalent among the inhabitants of this country, arise from a derangement of the nervous system. When superstition and bigotry prevailed in England, if the minds of persons labouring under those disorders now termed nervous, were impressed with the idea of terrific appearances, through the medium of the equally impaired optic nerves, it was by the ignorant attributed to something supernatural. Hence arose the evil (one of the greatest that ever prevailed in England during the time of its baneful power) of ghosts, spirits, apparitions, spectres, &c., &c., in the imaginations of the uninformed multitude, infesting every church-yard, ruinated building, and desert or lonely place in the kingdom. Every one must be fully sensible, from experience, that nothing has a greater tendency to paralyse the human frame, and give it the most violent shocks, than the impulse of fear, particularly when impressed on the infant mind. After the false notion of the appearance of ghosts, &c. was completely established, it became the too common practice of the people in general, more particularly in the provincial parts of England, by way of entertaining each other on a long winter's evening, to relate the prodigious sights that had appeared to them, in their disordered imaginations, on important occasions, and in particular situations. As these marvellous and fearful relations always took place when the whole family formed a group round the fire, and before the younger branches were put to bed, the attention with which the latter listened to such stories is no way astonishing; but the influence they had on their minds, and by consequence on their constitutions, to their posterity, has been truly calamitous. Children from five to twelve, or even fourteen years of age, have been so paralysed with fear on such occasions, as to be incapable of moving from their seats; others thrown into fits of the most dreadful kind, from which their whole frames received such violent shocks, that their nerves were miserably impaired for the remainder of their lives. From the foregoing statement, it will no doubt naturally occur to every tender and affectionate parent, how cautious and circumspect they ought to be in the establishment of a nursery, in selecting every description of persons to whom they intrust the care of their offspring; as it not unfrequently happens, that both nurses, and nursery maids, have taken great pains to collect a budget of those wonderful and marvellous stories, which they generally relate to frighten the children into good behaviour, and prevent them from being refractory, without reflecting on the consequences that may result from their so doing.

Though past bad effects cannot be removed, it is our duty to do away, as much as possible, any future ones that may otherwise arise from causes of a similar description. Indeed, in the metropolis, the idea of ghosts, apparitions, and spirits, is pretty well removed from the minds of nine-tenths of the inhabitants: and in the provincial parts of England, it is to be hoped, from the great source of information they derive from books and other means, it will not be long before sentiments of a similar nature are entertained of such aerial and imaginary creations. But as great numbers of well-informed, well-educated, and very sensible females (and even males), from a delicacy of their frames, and a derangement or weakness of the optic nerves, have, at times, imaginary figures floating before their eyes, which, from fear, and other

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causes, are often by them conceived (in particular situations, and under peculiar circumstances) to be what has been erroneously called ghosts, spirits, or apparitions, of departed persons, we shall here introduce, for their further information, and to convince them there is no truth at all in the existence of such things, but that they are merely phantoms of the imagination, an extract from a Memoir presented by M. Nicholi, a Member of the Royal Society of Berlin, to that institution, on the subject of a complaint with which he himself was affected, and one of the singular consequences of which was, the representation of various spectres to his view. He has investigated the subject in a most scientific manner, and with the coolness and deliberation naturally to be expected from a philosopher, as well as a medical man. After a detailed account of the state of his health, he gives the following interesting narrative.

"In the first two months of the year 1791, I was much affected in my mind by several incidents, and on the 24th of February a circumstance occurred which irritated me extremely. At ten o'clock in the forenoon my wife and another person came to console me; I was in a violent perturbation of mind, owing to a series of incidents which had altogether wounded my moral feelings, and from which I saw no possibility of relief; when suddenly I observed, at the distance of ten paces from me, a figure-the figure of a deceased person. I pointed at it, and asked my wife whether she did not see it. She saw nothing, but, being much alarmed, endeavored to compose me, and sent for the physician. The figure remained some seven or eight minutes, and at length I became a little more calm and as I was extremely exhausted, I soon afterwards fell into a troubled kind of slumber, which lasted for half an hour. The vision was ascribed to the great agitation of mind in which I had been, and it was supposed I should have nothing more to apprehend from that cause; but the violent affection having put my nerves into some unnatural state, from this arose further consequences, which require a more detailed description.

"In the afternoon, a little after four o'clock, the figure which I had seen in the morning again appeared. I was alone when this happened; a circumstance which, as may be easily conceived, could not be very agreeable. I went, therefore, to the apartment of my wife, to whom I related it. But thither also the figure pursued me. Sometimes it was

present, sometimes it vanished; but it was always the same standing figure. A little after six o'clock several stalking figures also appeared; but they had no connection with the standing figure. I can assign no other reason for this apparition, than that, though much more composed in my mind, I had not been able so soon entirely to forget the cause of such deep and distressing vexation, and had reflected on the consequences of it, in order, if possible, to avoid them; and that this happened three hours after dinner, at the time when the digestion just begins.

"At length I became more composed with respect to the disagreeable incident which had given rise to the first apparition; but though I had used very excellent medicines, and found myself in other respects perfectly well, yet the apparitions did not diminish, but on the contrary rather increased in number, and were transformed in the most extraordinary manner.

"After I had recovered from the first impression of terror, I never felt myself particularly agitated by these apparitions, as I considered them to be what they really were, the extraordinary consequences of indisposition; on the contrary, I endeavored, as much as possible, to preserve my composure of mind,

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ON THE APPEARANCE OF GHOSTS, SPECTRES, &c.

that I might remain distinctly conscious of what passed within me. I observed these phantoms with great accuracy, and very often reflected on my previous thoughts, with a view to discover some law in the association of ideas, by which exactly these or other figures might present themselves to the imagi nation. Sometimes I thought I had made a discovery, especially in the latter period of my visions; but on the whole, I could trace no connection which the various figures that thus appeared and disappeared to my sight, had, either with my state of mind, or with my employment, and the other thoughts which engaged my attention. After frequent accurate observations on the subject, having fairly proved and maturely considered it, I could form no other conclusion on the cause and consequence of such apparitions, than that when the nervous system is weak, and at the same time too much excited, or rather deranged, similar figures may appear in such a manner as if they were actually seen and heard; for these visions in my case were not in consequence of any known law of reason, of the imagination, or of the otherwise usual association of ideas; and such also is the case with other men, as far as we can reason from the few examples we know.

"The origin of the individual pictures which present themselves to us, must undoubtedly be sought for in the structure of that organization by which we think; but this will always remain no less inexpli cable to us than the origin of these powers by which consciousness and fancy are made to exist.

"The figure of the deceased person never ap. peared to me after the first dreadful day; but several other figures showed themselves afterwards very distinctly; sometimes such as I knew, mostly, however, of persons I did not know; and amongst those known to me were the semblances of both living and deceased persons, but mostly the former; and I made the observation, that acquaintances with whom I daily conversed never appeared to me as phantasms; it was always such as were at a distance. When these apparitions had continued some weeks, and I could regard them with the greatest composure, I afterwards endeavored, at my own pleasure, to call forth phantoms of several acquaintances, whom I for that reason represented to my imagination in the most lively manner, but in vain. For however accurately I pictured to my mind the figures of such persons, I never once could succeed in my desire of seeing them externally; though I had some short time before seen them as phantoms, and they had perhaps afterwards unexpectedly presented themselves to me in the same manner. The phantasms appeared to me in every case involuntarily, as if they had been presented externally, like the phenomena in nature, though they certainly had their origin internally; and at the same time I was always able to distinguish, with the greatest precision, phantasms from phenomena. Indeed, I never once erred in this, as I was in general perfectly calm and self-collected on the occasion. I knew extremely well, when it only appeared to me that the door was opened, and a phantom entered, and when the door really was opened, and any person came in.

"It is also to be noted that these figures appeared to me at all times, and under the most different circumstances, equally distinct and clear; whether I was alone or in company, by broad day-light equally as in the night time, in my own as well as in my neighbor's house; yet when I was at another person's house they were less frequent; and when I walked the public street they very seldom appeared. When I shut my eyes, sometimes the figures disappeared, sometimes they remained even after I had closed them. If they vanished in the former case, on

opening my eyes again, nearly the same figures appeared which I had seen before.

"I sometimes conversed with my physician and my wife, concerning the phantasms which at the time hovered around me; for in general the forms appeared oftener in motion than at rest. They did not always continue present; they frequently left me altogether, and again appeared for a shorter or a longer space of time singly or more at once; but, in general, several appeared together. For the most part I saw human figures of both sexes; they commonly passed to and fro as if they had no connection with each other like people at a fair where all is bustle; sometimes they appeared to have business with one another. Once or twice I saw amongst them persons on horseback, and dogs and birds; these figures all appeared to me in their natural size, as distinctly as if they had existed in real life, with the several tints on the uncovered parts of the body, and with all the different kinds of colors of clothes. But

I think, however, that the colors were somewhat paler than they are in nature.

"None of the figures had any distinguishing characteristic; they were neither terrible, ludicrous, nor repulsive; most of them were ordinary in their appearance-some were even agreeable.

"On the whole, the longer I continued in this state, the more did the number of phantasms increase, and the apparitions become more frequent. About four weeks afterwards, I began to hear them speak; sometimes the phantasms spoke with one another; but for the most part they addressed themselves to me; those speeches were in general short, and never contained any thing disagreeable. Intelligent and respected friends often appeared to me, who endeavored to console me in my grief, which still left deep traces in my mind. This speaking I heard most frequently when I was alone; though I sometimes heard it in company, intermixed with the conversation of real persons; frequently in single phrases only, but sometimes even in connected discourse. "Though at this time I enjoyed rather a good state of health, both in body and mind, and had become so very familiar with these phantasms, that at last they did not excite the least disagreeable emotion, but, on the contrary afforded me frequent subjects for amusement and mirth; yet as the disorder sensibly increased, and the figures appeared to me for whole days, and even during the night if I happened to awake, I had recourse to several medicines, and was at last again obliged to have recourse to the application of leeches.

"This was performed on the 20th of April, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon. I was alone with the surgeon; but during the operation, the room swarmed with human forms of every description, which crowded fast one on another; this continued till half-past four o'clock, exactly the time when the digestion commences. I then observed that the figures began to move more slowly; soon afterwards the colors became gradually paler, and every seven minutes they lost more and more of their intensity, without any alteration in the distinct figure of the apparitions. At about half-past six o'clock, all the figures were entirely white, and moved very little; yet the forms appeared perfectly distinct; by degrees they became visibly less plain, without decreasing in number, as had often formerly been the case. The figures did not move off, neither did they vanish, which also had usually happened on other occasions. In this instance they dissolved immediately into air; of some even whole pieces remained for a length of time, which also by degrees were lost to the eye. At about eight o'clock there did not remain a vestige of any of them, and I have never since experienced any appearance of the same kind."

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