With the same kind smile he simply said "I'll tell you when I call after dinner. Read this leaflet," and he handed her the following lines "My heart was full of happiness, Each scene around was bright, I lean'd on my beloved one, His candle gave me light; I thought such joy would still be mine, That wisdom's paths are peace. But soon a cloud obscured my path, I knew it was for me to bear, "Father! O father, ask not this, But this in mercy spare; My prayer unheard, unheeded sped, He hedged my way so closely in, Yet still I strove to break the fence, Rebelled against the rod, And struggled sorely 'gainst thy will But he who loved me at the first And showed me that the dreaded cross I stooped-I raised it up, and lo! Then grateful, humbled to the dust, Which we can cast on God." She knelt down and thanked the God of all comfort for sending her consolation at such a moment by such a kind messenger. (To be continued.) LORD Wellington tells of an elephant lifting a drunken soldier against his will, and by placing him on its back, saved his life. Which was the more manly? The Factory Child. BY ERNEST JONES. THE factory child went on its way, Oh! brightly with the summer day The town was hot with a furnace heat, And the sky was dark with smoke; But a woodwind came down the narrow street, And soon the houses were waxing few, And the dust was slaked with a shower of dew, Was scattered here and there. And soon the space began to expand By the woods on either side, And then the corn-fields green and grand And the hills, the pleasant and smiling hills Rose up in a mighty line, And the singing birds, and the singing rills, And the bees, and the dazzling daffodils, And the thrush, that the depth of the woodland fills, Made melody divine. But it heard its mother's voice behind, Rebuking its sad delay; For the bell had ceased-and sorrow blind, It thought how the laggard was punished and fined, Of the heavy task, and the home unkind, And the hot close hungry day. But the angel of death had touched the child, And she felt the longing for flight; And the bright of her eye became more void, And the hue of her cheek more bright. And onward and onward, through alley and street, While her heart kept time to the fall of her feet, At noon thro' the breezy upland glade She reached a far seen height; Oh, fleet was the air that round it played, And the coppice waved and the corn fields swayed, On the side of the emerald light. And weary she sank in that green retreat, Till she heard thro' the hush of the noon-day heat, They will miss her not in the factory town, Tho' vainly the bell shall ring; ABRAHAM LINCOLN. They are busy treading such young hearts down, What to them is so small a thing? And the pitiless mother shall think with a frown Of the earnings she used to bring, But the angels of God have prepared her a crown At the throne of eternity's King. Abraham Lincoln.* By RALPH WALDO EMERSON. How THE President stood before us a man of the people. He was thoroughly American, had never crossed the sea, had never been spoiled by English insularity, or French dissipation; a quite native, aboriginal man, as an acorn from the oak; no aping of foreigners, no frivilous accomplishments, Kentuckian born, working on a farm, a flat boatman, a captain in the Blackhawk war, a country lawyer, a representative in the rural legislature of Illinois-on such modest foundations the broad structure of his frame was laid. slowly, and yet by happily prepared steps, he came to his place. All of us remember-it is only a history of five or six years-the surprise and the disappointment of the country at his first nomination by the Convention of Chicago. Mr. Seward, then in the culmination of his good fame, was the favorite of the Eastern States; and when the new and comparatively unknown name of Lincoln was announced (notwithstanding the report of the acclamations of that Convention) we heard the result coldly and sadly. It seemed too rash, on a purely local reputation to build so grave a trust in such anxious times; and men naturally talked of the changes in politics as incalculable. But it turned out not to be chance. The profound good opinion which the people of Illinois and of the West had conceived of him, and which they had imparted to their colleagues, that they also might Most of our readers are doubtless aware that this truly great man, this genuine specimen of "Nature's nobility,' was a consistent Total Abstainer and Prohibitionist nearly the whole of his laborious life, and that he faithfully adhered to these principles even during the war. The Alliance News says-" It is due alike to the cause of temperance, and to the sacred memory of that illustrious man, the late President of the United States, to let it be widely known that for more than 50 years he had been a rigid abstainer from all intoxicating liquors-neither using them himself, keeping them in his house, nor on any occasion providing them for his friends or visitors. This fact, though well known in America, and often referred to in the American papers, has been systematically ignored by the general press of this country. On the occasion of Mr. Lincoln's nomination to the Presi dency by the Chicago Convention in 1860, an influential deputation of the leaders of the Republican party went to wait upon Mr. Lincoln at his modest residence Springfield, Illinois. A kind and thoughtful neighbor, knowing Mr. Lincoln's abstinent habits, and anticipating that the good, simplehearted man would feel himself in a difficulty from a conscientious objection to providing for others what he on principle abstained from himself, politely sent a present of a package of wine and liquors, for the use of Mr. Lincoln's guests. But honest Abe, though touched by the kindness of his generous neighbor, at once returned the package with a graceful and grateful message, saying that he had not hitherto been in the habit of entertaining his friends with such things, and did not think that he ought to change his style of life even in view of the national honor that was intended to be conferred upon him. Some two years since, an instance occurred that brought out a still more striking and public avowal of Mr. Lincoln's steadfast adherence to his abstinence principle and practice. It is related that while the presidential party, on one occasion were dining at Erie, a certain gentleman offered Mr. Lincoln some wine, and rather rudely tried to force it upon him. Mr. Lincoln replied: 'I have lived fifty years without the use of intoxicating liquor, and I do not think it worth while to change my habits now.' 103 justify themselves to their constituents at home, was not rash, though they did not begin to know the riches of his worth. A plain man of the people, an extraordinary fortune attended him. Lord Bacon says, "Manifest virtues procure reputation; occult ones fortune." He offered no shining qualities at the first encounter; he did not offend any superiority. He had a face and manner which disarmed suspicion, which inspired confidence, which confirmed good will. He was a man without vices. He had a strong sense of duty, which it was very easy for him to obey. Then, he had what farmers call a long head; was excellent in working out the sum for himself; in arguing his case and convincing you fairly and firmly. Then, it turned out that he was a great worker-had prodigious faculty of performance-worked easily. A good worker is so rare; everybody has some disabling quality. In a host of young men that start together, and promise so many brilliant leaders for the next age, each fails on trial; one by bad health, one by conceit or by love of pleasure, or lethargy, or an ugly temper-each has some disqualifying fault that throws him out of the career. But this man was sound to the core, cheerful, persistent, all right for labor, and liking nothing so well. Then he had a vast good nature, which made him tolerable and accessible to all; fair-minded, leaning to the claim of the petitioner; affable, and not sensible to the affliction which the innumerable visits paid to him, when president, would have brought to anyone else. And how this good nature became a noble humanity, in many a tragic case which the events of the war brought to him, everyone will remember; and with what increasing tenderness he dealt when a whole race was thrown on his compassion. The poor negro said of him, on an impressive occasion, "Massa Linkum am eberywhere." Then his broad good humor, running easily into jocular talk, in which he delighted and in which he excelled, was a rich gift to this wise man. It enabled On one occasion, Mr. Lincoln, seeing that strong drink was producing most pernicious and demoralizing effects in the Federal armies, both amongst officers and privates, sent a telegram to Mr E. C. Delavan, of Albany, to come up to Washington, to confer with the War Department and himself, in respect to some steps to be taken to put a stop to the frightful and growing evil. The result was that various measures were devised to prevent alcoholic liquors being sold or supplied to the soldiers. Mr. Delavan prepared an excellent address to the army, setting forth the evils of drinking, and the benefits of abstinence; and copies of the document were sent through the department, to the soldiers in all the troops throughout the various encampments. The result of the combined agencies, with other similar efforts by the American Temperance Union, was the formation of temperance societies among the soldiers, and the arrestment of the evil, to a very great extent, of late. General Grant wisely and nobly gave his countenance and practical example in favor of temperance of the strictest kind. It was reported in the New York Evening Post, a few months ago: The general lives in the plainest style; messes with his staff. On the table neither distilled liquor nor wine is permitted. The general will not have it about him for his own use or other's.' If those newspaper writers, who so fiercely denounce the new President, Andrew Johnson, for having taken two glasses of brandy when jaded and exhausted by travel and excitement, the effect of which was visible to the malignant gaze of political rancor, not less than to the loyal patriots who witnessed his inaugural ceremony, would themselves follow the noble example of the martyred President and his great general, they would exert a more beneficial influence not only amongst our own public men but also on the masses, for whom they profess to have patriotic regards. How sad that that great, sober, simple-hearted, magnanimous emancipator of four millions of African bondsmen, the second Washington of the American nation, should have been ruthlessly shot down by a drink-nerved actor! Even this fiendish assassin, with all his long cherished secession rancor, could not prepare his hand and his heart to do the murderous deed until he had gulped down several glasses of brandy. Another fearful illustration that the drink demon' goes about seeking whom he may devour, and sparing none whom he can slay." 104 THE DANGER OF THE DRINKING CUSTOMS. him to keep his secret; to meet every kind of man and every rank in society; to take off the edge of the severest decisions; to mask his own purpose, and sound his companion; and to catch with true instinct the temper of every company he addressed. And, more than all, it is to a man of severe labor, in anxious and exhausting crises, the natural restorative, good as sleep, and is the protection of the overdriven brain against rancor and insanity. He is the author of a multitude of good sayings, so disguised as pleasantries that it is certain they had no reputation at first but as jests; and only later, by the very acceptance and adoption they find in the mouths of millions, turn out to be the wisdom of the hour. I am sure if this man had ruled in a period of less facility of printing, he would have become mythological in a very few years, like Esop or Pilpay, or one of the Seven Wise Masters, by his fables and proverbs. But the weight and penetration of many passages in his letters, messages, and speeches, hidden now by the very closeness of their application to the moment, are destined hereafter to a wide fame. What pregnant definitions; what unerring common sense; what foresight; and, on great occasions, what lofty, and more than national, what humane tone! brief speech at Gettysburg will not easily be surpassed by words on any recorded occasion. This, and one other American speech, that of John Brown to the court that tried him, and a part of Kossuth's speech at Birmingham, can only be compared with each other, and with no fourth. His His occupying the chair of state was a triumph of the good sense of mankind, and of the public conscience. This middle-class country had got a middleclass president, at last. Yes, in manners and sympathies, but not in powers, for his powers were superior. This man grew according to the need. His mind mastered the problem of the day; and, as the problem grew, so did his comprehension of it. Rarely was man so fitted to the event. In the midst of fears and jealousies, in the Babel of Councils and parties, this man wrought incessantly with all his might and all his honesty, laboring to find what the people wanted, and how to obtain that. It cannot be said there is any exaggeration of his worth. If ever a man was fairly tested he was. There was no lack of resistance, nor of slander, nor of ridicule. The times have allowed no state secrets; the nation has been in such ferment, such multitudes had to be trusted, that no secret could be kept. Every door was ajar, and we know all that befel. Then, what an occasion was the whirlwind of the war! Here was place for no holiday magistrate, no fair-weather sailor; the now pilot was hurried to the helm in a tornado. In four years-four years of battle-days-his endurance, his fertility of resources, his magnanimity, were sorely tried and never found wanting. There, by his courage, his justice, his even To the Memory of Abraham Lincoln, Assassinated April 14, 1865. BY THE REV. DAWSON BURNS, London. "FATHER, Thy will be done!" In this sharp hour of pain, Teach us in Christ's own words from murmuring to refrain ; Upon our fevered lips they drop as cooling balm, And at their strengthening touch our throbbing hearts grow calm. 'Twas yesterday he stood, high in his simple state, He loved his country well, and, resolute to save The hemispheres bent o'er to watch the monster dieThen, shuddering, they caught the slaughtered patriot's sigh. Could he have guessed the end, his stout heart had not quailed; Not in the path of right his true soul would have failed; But from him gracious Heaven had hid the final scene, And till the worst was passed he knew not what had been. Greatest of crimes is this, and murderer greatest he And Lincoln, too, is fallen, by shot most foully fired, But mourn him as we must, our hopes have not expired; For as we loathing view this parricidal crime, That deeds of blood performed, with purpose to defeat crown. Thus Lincoln now is crowned. For ages hence his name Shall, like a beacon, blaze upon the heights of fame. Time's oft effacing hand shall fix this record fast"Pure was his course throughout, and noblest at the last!" temper, his fertile counsel, his humanity, he stood a The Danger of the Drinking Customs. heroic figure in the centre of a heroic epoch. He is the true history of the American people in his time. Step by step he walked before them; slow with their slowness, quickening his march by theirs; the true representative of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country, the pulse of twenty millions throbbing in his heart, the thought of their minds articulated by his tongue.-From Speech delivered at Concord, April 19th, 1865. GREAT.-The go-ahead man who in breaking his way to gold breaks the golden rule, may be rich, but can't be great. HE is the best pillar of the church who stands under the most holiness, and on the most sin. By the Rev. WM. ARNOT, D.D., Edinburgh. THE customs of society encouraging the use of intoxicating drinks constitute one of the most formidable dangers to youth in the present day. All are aware that drunkenness, in our country, is the most rampant vice. How broad and deep is the wave whereby it is desolating the land! It is not our part, at present, to register any array of facts tending to show how many are held helpless in its chain, and how deeply that chain cuts into the life of the victim. The extent and the virulence of the malady we shall not prove, but assume to be known. Our special business is to remind the young of the enticements by which they are led into that horrible pit. It is specially true of this potent enemy, that it makes its approaches unsuspected and by slow degrees. We have known many drunkards. We have witnessed scenes of wretchedness that haunt our memory in shapes of terror still. We have seen a youth brought down by it from a place of honor and hopefulness, laid upon his bed uttering hideous groans, twisting himself, in mingled bodily and mental agony, like a live eel upon a hook. We have seen an old man, who knew that drink was making his life-springs fail fast away, yet, in spite of threats and persuasion, going drunk to bed every night. We have heard that man, when sober, say, "If there is one place of hell worse than another, it must be mine, for I know the right, and do the wrong;" and yet he drank himself to death. We have seen a female, with a gentle air and a tender frame, stand and tell that she had a batch of demons within her, uttering loud voices, and declaring that they had her surely bound over to hell. Reason had fled. Drink had brought madness on. And yet, whenever the delirium abated, she returned to the drink again. What need of cases? We have seen drunkenness in most of its stages, and forms, and effects; but we never yet met a drunkard who either became a drunkard all at once, or who designed to become one. In every case, without exception, the dreadful demon vice has crept over the faculties by slow degrees, and at last surprised the victim. The sinners with whom he kept company did not entice him to become a sot in a single night. They only invited him to go into cheerful company. They suggested that religion, when rightly understood, did not forbid a merry evening. He went, and the even. ing was merry. Strong drink contributed to its merriment. He was sober. He had no intention of becoming a drunkard, either then or on any subsequent occasion. A drunkard, however, he now is. He is in the pit, and who shall pull him out! May God have mercy on the lost immortal, for he is beyond all help of man! Let young men, as they value their souls, beware of these Satan-invented customs prevalent in society, which multiply the occasions of tasting strong drink. These habits of sipping so frequently, on every occasion of joy or sorrow, of idle ease or excessive toil, in freezing cold or in scorching heat-these habits of a little now and a little then, seem to have been invented with fiendish ingenuity, to beget at last, in the greatest possible number, that fiery thirst which, when once awakened, will mercilessly drag its subject down through a dishonored life to an early grave. Leaning on the bank of the majestic river a few miles above Niagara, a little boat was floating on a summer day. A mother plied her industry in a neighboring field. Her daughter, too young yet for useful labor, strolled from her side to the water's edge. The child leaped into the boat. It moved with her weight. The sensation was pleasant. Softly the boat glided down on the smooth bosom of the waters. More and more pleasant were the sensations of the child. The trees on the shore were moving past in rows. The sunbeams glittered on the water, scarcely broken by the ripple of the stream. Softly and silently, but with ever-growing speed, the tiny vessel shot down the river with its glad unconscious freight. The mother raised her bended back and looked. She saw her child carried quickly by the current toward the cataract. She screamed, and ran. She plunged into the water. She ventured far, but failed. The boat is caught in the foaming rapids-it is carried over the precipice! The mother's treasure is crushed to atoms, and mingles with the spray that curls above Nidgara. This is not a fiction; it is a fact reported in the newspapers of the day. But, though itself a substantive event, it serves also as a mirror to see the shadow of others in. The image that you see glancing in that glass is real. It is not single. It may be seen, thousand upon thousand, stretching away in reduplicating rows. Pleasant to the unconscious youth are the merry cup and the merry company. Lightly and happily he glides along. After a little the motion becomes uneasy. It is jolting, jumbling, sickly. He would fain escape now. Vain effort! He is rocked awhile in the rapids, and then sucked into the abyss. If many thousands of our population were annually lost in Niagara, the people, young and old, would conceive and manifest an instinctive horror of the smooth deceitful stream above it, which drew so many to their doom. Why, oh, why do the young madly intrust themselves to a more deceitful current, that is drawing a greater number to a more fearful death ? Alcoholic Medication. ALCOHOL IN FEVER (Continued.) I HAD intended to embody in this number the lengthened paper on the use of alcohol in fever by Dr. Gairdner, Professor of Medicine in the Glasgow University, which appeared in the Lancet of 12th March, 1864. Space will not allow of this in the present issue, and as I wish the readers of the Journal to have the benefit of perusing the valuable document in toto, I shall reserve it for a future ocassion, rather than give mere extracts from it at present. I would, however, ask special attention to the following important remarks on Dr. Gairdner's contribution by the Lancet itself:-" A very important clinical paper, by Dr. Gairdner, of Glasgow, appeared in the Lancet of the 12th inst. It treats of a question in practical medicine, which to all thoughtful minds in the profession, must seem one of the most urgent medical questions of the daynamely the use of alcoholic stimulants in disease. Dr. Gairdner is, by general consent, regarded as one of the most promising of the present generation of physicians in Scotland. He speaks from experience of vitality and disease in large cities, and on a large scale. Formerly connected with the Edinburgh Infirmary, and latterly with the Glasgow Infirmary, he is entitled to speak authoritatively. But there is another feature of Dr. Gairdner's writings which must always command respect, and that is, his great moderation and care, both of statement and inference; the anxious way in which he qualifies conclusions which seem favorable to his own views, or against the views and practices of others. There has been an unseemly extremeness in the doctrines of leading members of the profession of late years, represented by a lingering faith in bleeding on the one hand, and a newly-acquired belief in brandy on the other. Upon such gentlemen as Dr. Gairdner will devolve the duty of mediating between the extreme views of the past and the, perhaps, equally extreme views of the present. We are convinced that the truth lies in neither extreme, but somewhere in the middle, and the sooner it is discovered and applied the better for the credit of medical practice. The paper treats of the use of alcohol in typhus fever, the disease in which, of all others, it has been considered most important. Three different degrees of stimulation may be considered as discussed by Dr. Gairdner. Firstly, that minimum degree of stimulation practised by himself, at least nine-tenths of the patients having no stimu lants at all, the whole quantity consumed giving, & an average to each patient, during 20 days, the average period of residence, two ounces and a quarter of wine and two ounces of whisky. Under this treatment in 1861, and 1862, with a form of fever by no means unusually mild, the mortality was 10 per cent. It is important to notice that in all Dr. Gairdner's fatal cases a very considerable quantity of stimulants was given. Secondly, that degree of stimulation practised in the Glasgow Fever Hospital, which would give an average allowance to each patient with typhus of forty ounces of wine and seven ounces of spirit, and under which 17 per cent. of the patients died. Thirdly, the extreme stimulation practised by Dr. Todd. Particulars are not given by Dr. Gairdner, but it is matter of notoriety, that the cost for wine and spirits in the London hospitals reaches, or did reach its maximum in King's College Hospital, and that Dr. Todd, in particular, thought nothing of prescribing half an ounce, or even an ounce of brandy per hour in cases of fever. The mortality of Dr. Todd's cases of typhus, according to Dr. Murchison, is 25 per cent. The Excluding adult patients, there is a frightful difference in favor of the non-alcoholic treatment. Amongst the young cases treated by Dr. Gairdner, the rate of mortality of 189 unselected cases was 'inappreciably small, but say one per cent.' rate in the Glasgow Fever Hospital generally was about three per cent. In King's College Hospital under Dr. Todd, it was about 17-0 per cent. Dr. Gairdner thinks very strongly of the injuriousness of stimulants administered to fever patients of immature age; indeed, except in one such case, in which cancrum oris occurred, they were practically withheld. calculates that if Dr. Todd's system had been practised in the treatment of 189 young cases instead of one death there would have been from 30 to 35! He We have long had a most disagreeable fear that the lavish prescription of alcoholic stimulants, in London practice especially, would one day be discovered to be a great medical error, only less than the opposite system which preceded it. It has been pushed among all classes of patients-rich and poor, women and children; in acute cases, in hospitals and private practice, money has been doubtfully squandered over bottles of wine that would have sent the patient once convalescent to the sea side, or that would have paid twice over many an unpaid bill. More serious still is the moral effect which this fashion of the faculty is calculated to have on the public. Still, considerations of mere cost or morals in a life-and-death question are essentially secondary. If there are any physiological or therapeutical facts which can be regarded as amounting to a proof that alcoholic stimulants in large quantities have a saving or curative effect in fever, not to be got in any other way, they must be administered at all hazards and at all cost. This, however, is just the rub. Dr. Gairdner seems to suspect that alcohol tends to poison the blood,' and there is certainly much both in recent physiology and pathology to make us doubt whether, the blood being already poisoned, as it is in fever, alcohol is likely to contribute anything to its purification. We do not wish to go into details here, or to dogmatise, or too hastily condemn a practice which, intelligibly enough, has found so much favor; but if the propriety of it is doubtful, there is nothing so proper as the criticism of it in these columns. The origin of the practice must be mainly attributed to Dr. Todd; but the responsibility of continuing it must rest with the profession in London, which, it is understood, has adopted Dr. Todd's views. We do not go so far as to say that a case has been already made out for abandoning entirely the administration of large quantities of stimulants in fever, but a most grave doubt is thrown upon the wisdom of the practice by Dr. Gairdner's statistics. We shall look most anxiously to the advocates of high stimulation for an explanation of the fact, that fever in Glasgow, under a very moderate allowance of wine and stimu. lants, kills only 10 per cent., while in London, under high stimulation, it kills 25 per cent. It will not avail to speak of the low physical condition of the people of London, for any difference in this respect between Glasgow and London must be in favor of the latter. It will not avail to speak of the typhoid type of disease, for it is in typhus itself that Dr. Gairdner has found the advantage of a moderate, or, to speak more accurately, an exceptional administration of stimulants; for, we repeat, it is only in exceptional cases that Dr. Gairdner gives stimulants at all. Indeed, a fanatical critic might find a striking corres pondence between the percentage of deaths and the percentage of cases in which stimulants were administered; and a closer inspection of Dr. Gairdner's paper shows a more strikiug coincidence still, inasmnch as the 10 per cent. of his cases which got a good allowance of stimulants were the identical 10 per cent. which died We do not construct the syllogism at which we hint out of these tempting materials. We can easily understand it would be perfectly false, but we very seriously commend the whole subject to the attention of the profession, especially in London." Well, there is no fanaticism but sober truth in say. ing that Dr. Gairdner is evolving if not retailing the stubborn facts regarding the use of alcohol in fever, and by consequence in most other diseases, which teetotalers have been zealously inculcating for nearly half-a-century. I have supplied proof of this in abundance in former papers. Seeing the importance of the doctrine, why was it not listened to long ere this? O, because the teachers were teetotalers and therefore prejudiced. They were teetotalers to be sure, but were they less worthy of attention because honest, conscientious, and courageous enough to practice what they had discovered to be right in the face of all kinds of opposition? And, besides, how superficial must the thinker be who does not see that the prejudice" objection is a two-edged one, that cuts to the very heart of the drinker's position, while it barely penetrates the skin of the abstainer's? What a multitude of circumstances conspire to preja. dice the moderate-drinking physician in favor of alcoholic medication? Many medical men have not the ability, and very few have the inclination to make a thorough and independent investigation of such a subject, and not a few, there is much reason to fear, want either the manhood or the conscience to break off from the stereotyped routine, which through education, custom, appetite, or self-interest they have been led to adopt, even though they have just cause to believe that routine to be erroneous. It is a fact, which I think well worthy of being noted, but from which I desire to draw no unjust or uncharitable inference, that total abstinence views and practices are in direct antagonism to the professional vested interests of the faculty, and they know it. The late eminent Dr. Cheyne stated the simple truth when he said—“If an end were put to the drinking of port, punch, and porter, there would be an end to my worldly prosperity. Physicians, Surgeons, and Apothecaries would be ruined. The medical halls would be stripped of their splendor, and disease become comparatively rare, simple, and manageable." Dr. Abernethy said-"If people will leave off drinking alcohol, live plainly, and take very little medicine, they will find that many disorders will be relieved by this treatment alone." A popular practitioner in |