"Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903Yale University Press, 1984 M09 10 - 342 pages "American acquisition of the Philippines in 1898 became a focal point for debate on American imperialism and the course the country was to take now that the Western frontier had been conquered. U.S. military leaders in Manila, unequipped to understand the aspirations of the native revolutionary movement, failed to respond to Filipino overtures of accommodation and provoked a war with the revolutionary army. Back home, an impressive opposition to the war developed on largely ideological grounds, but in the end it was the interminable and increasingly bloody guerrilla warfare that disillusioned America in its imperialistic venture. This book presents a searching exploration of the history of America's reactions to Asian people, politics, and wars of independence." -- Book Jacket |
Contents
1 | |
13 | |
31 | |
The Dividends of Brinkmanship | 57 |
The General as Warrior | 67 |
The Generals Last Campaign | 91 |
The American Opposition Organizes | 104 |
Armageddon 1900 | 129 |
The Soldier and the War | 176 |
Injun Warfare under Chaffee and Roosevelt | 196 |
The Last Campaign Samar Challenges American Innocence | 219 |
The Triumph of American Innocence | 253 |
The Gook and Gugu Analogy | 268 |
Notes | 277 |
Bibliography | 308 |
Index | 331 |
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Common terms and phrases
1st Sess 57th Cong Aguinaldo American soldiers annexation anti-imperialism anti-imperialist editors Anti-Imperialist League Army Military History Atkinson atrocities attack Balangiga Batangas Beveridge Boston Boston Herald Bryan campaign Carlisle Collection Chaffee charged civilian civilized Colonel command Correspondence critics declared Democratic Dewey Dewey's Empire enemy fighting Filipinos force Funston general's headline Hoar Ibid ilustrado imperialism imperialist editors independence insisted insurgents islands June Katipunan killed Lawton leaders letter Literary Digest Literary Digest 18 Lodge Lodge committee Luzon Macabebe scouts MacArthur Manila marines McKinley McKinley's ment Merritt Missionary nation natives Negro officers Otis Otis's peace Philippines political Post president prisoners protest Public Opinion refused regiment Root Samar San Francisco Call Senator Sept Sladen Smith Spain Spanish tactics Taft Theodore Roosevelt tion troops U.S. Army U.S. Army Military United victory volunteers vote Waller warfare warned Washington William York Evening Post York Sun
Popular passages
Page 131 - Philippines are China's illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world. And we will move forward to our work, not howling out regrets like slaves whipped to their burdens, but with gratitude for a task worthy of our strength, and thanksgiving to Almighty God that He has marked us...
Page 24 - The information which has come to the President since your departure convinces him that the acceptance of the cession of Luzon alone, leaving the rest of the islands subject to Spanish rule, or to be the subject of future contention, can not be justified on political, commercial or humanitarian grounds. The cession must be of the whole Archipelago or none. The latter is wholly inadmissible and the former must therefore be required.
Page 147 - We make no hypocritical pretense of being interested in the Philippines solely on account of others. While we regard the welfare of those people as a sacred trust, we regard the welfare of the American people first. We see our duty to ourselves as well as to others. We believe in trade expansion.
Page 150 - The success of this unique system of war depends upon almost complete unity of action of the entire native population. That such unity is a fact is too obvious to admit of discussion; how it is brought about and maintained is not so plain.
Page 296 - He may be a brother of William H. Taft, but he ain't no friend of mine.
Page 52 - I concluded that there were certain words and expressions therein, such as "sovereignty," "right of cession," and those which directed immediate occupation, etc., though most admirably employed and tersely expressive of actual conditions, might be advantageously used by the Tagalo war party to incite widespread hostilities among the natives. The ignorant classes had been taught to believe that certain words, as
Page 150 - Intimidation has undoubtedly accomplished much to this end, but fear as the only motive is hardly sufficient to account for the united and apparently spontaneous action of several millions of people. One traitor in each town would effectually destroy such a complex organization. It is more probable that the adhesive principle comes from ethnological homogeneity, which induces men to respond for a time to the appeals of consanguineous leadership, even when such action is opposed to their own interests...