even the most sanguine might reasonably have hoped. In the decade preceding 1899 the mortality rate from tuberculosis was on the increase until in that year there were no less than 3,405 deaths. In 1910, in spite of the increase in the population of the Province and the greater accuracy in the returns as a result of special attention being paid to the disease, the number of deaths was only 2,287, a decrease of 1,118.

Taking a period of ten years (1901-1910) the contrast is very striking. It may be represented thus:

(1) In 1901 there were 3,284 deaths from tuberculosis in Ontario.

In 1910 there were 2,287 deaths from tuberculosis in
Ontario.

(2) In 1901 there were 150 deaths from tuberculosis for every 100,000 of population.

In 1910 there were 90 deaths from tuberculosis for every 100,000 of population.

347 King St. West, Toronto.

Tubes showing Deaths from Consumption and other diseases in Toronto, during year 1910. Each bead in tubes represents one death.

These figures are so striking that one is at once led to inquire as to what this great reduction is due. Much is due to improved sanitary methods; much to the greater skill in diagnosis by physicians, so that cases are detected in the earlier stages, and much to the more general dissemination of knowledge on matters of hygiene and prevention of disease. It is interesting to note, however, that these conditions apply equally to all diseases, and if they alone were of importance the death rate from

other causes, would have been reduced just as much as that from tuberculosis, but such was not the case. This is shown as follows: In 1899 the deaths from tuberculosis represented 11.8% of the deaths from all causes;

While in 1910 the deaths from tuberculosis represented only 6.8% of the deaths from all causes.

There must be some factor, therefore, peculiarly applicable to tuberculosis, and, without doubt, it must be conceded that this is to be found in (1) the general campaign throughout the

country against tuberculosis, (2) the work done by the various sanatoria and dispensaries.

In 1899 there were no sanatoria, no dispensaries, no special visiting nurses, no educational campaign, no general information. To-day in Ontario there are twelve special institutions, five dispensaries, a dozen or more visiting nurses, and a general educational campaign against the disease. And in all of this private philanthropy has led the way. The first institutions established were:

Just what these agencies have accomplished can best be appreciated by calculation-how many deaths would have been in 1910 if it had been the same as in 1899.

In 1899 there were in Ontario. . . .

.3,405

.2,287

.1,681

In 1910 at the same rate there would have been.....3,968 But there actually were only...

A total reduction of....

The extent of the work which has been done can hardly be estimated in figures, but a brief review of the work of the organization most actively engaged in the campaign during the period considered gives the following:

BRIEF SUMMARY OF GREAT WORK DONE. FOUR INSTITUTIONS

FOUNDED.

(1) Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium (for pay patients). For early or incipient cases. Established 1896.

(2) Muskoka Free Hospital (for free patients). For early or incipient cases. Established 1902.

(3) Toronto Free Hospital for Consumptives (near Weston). For advanced cases. Established 1904.

(4) King Edward Sanatorium for Consumptives (on the same grounds), so named by permission of the late King Edward VII. For advanced cases. Established 1907.

(5) 6,000 patients have been cared for in these institutions. This implies that an army of over 4,000 have been sent back to their families to help once more as bread-winners, of whom Dr. J. W. S. McCullough, Chief Health Officer of Ontario, says:

"The well-trained manner of living learned by the patient and followed when he returns home is, perhaps, the greatest

Muskoka Free Hospital for Consumptives.

(In addition to the above there are numerous pavilions in the grounds for the
accommodation of patients.

achievement of the Sanatorium.

hygiene."

He becomes an apostle of

(6) One million dollars has been spent for the maintenance of patients since the institutions were organized.

(7) $317,000 in addition has been expended on capital account for building, equipment, etc.

(8) $179,000 paid out this year for the cost of maintenance. (9) A school has been organized in Toronto Free Hospitalthe first of its kind in a sanatorium.

(10) Training School for Nurses established at the Toronto Free Hospital, where a special study is made of the care and