turies, we can appreciate what a service has been rendered the English-speaking people by the author in its translation. To sum it up in a few words, it is a metrical translation of ancient Chinese philosophy and will give the reader a splendid understanding of true Chinese character. We have no hesitancy in recommending it to our readers as a book from which they will derive not only much pleasure but great profit.

METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FOUNDRY CHEMISTRY. Second Edition. By Frank L. Crobaugh, M. S., Proprietor, The Foundryman's Laboratory, Professor of Chemistry, Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio.

In the second edition, the issuance of which has become necessary owing to the exhaustion of the first edition of one thousand copies, Mr. Crobaugh incorporates considerable new matter in both the chemical and foundry parts. He has taken advantage of the reissuance to make a complete revision of the entire work. Much of the work is original with Mr. Crobaugh, being methods of examination which he has demonstrated time and again to be of value. The book will doubtless meet with the same flattering reception accorded the first edition.

THE HEART AND ITS DISEASES. By C. T. Hood, M. D., Professor of of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, Clinical Medicine, and Diseases of the Heart, Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, Attending Physician, Cook County Hospital. 104 pages. Cloth, $1.00. P. H. Mallen Company, Chicago.

This is a valuable little book for one who wishes to "brush up" on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart. The author very clearly demonstrates that any physician who is willing to take the trouble can correctly diagnose the ordinary diseases of the heart and treat them according to the teachings of modern and scientific medical knowledge.

THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BRIGHT'S DISEASE. By George M. Edebohls, A. M., M. D., LL. D., Professor of the Diseases of Women in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital; Consulting Surgeon to St. Francis Hospital, New York; Consulting Gynecologist to St. John's and Riverside Hospital, Yonkers, N. Y., and to the Nyack Hospital, Nyack, N. Y. Frank F. Lisiecki, Publisher, New York.

This volume contains the various contributions of the author to the literature of this subject. They are arranged in chronological

order and show the rapid advance that has been made in the treatment of what had heretofore been considered an incurable disease. The whole subject is one which for the present must remain sub judice, but every one interested in medicine and surgery cannot but be benefited by the author's presentation of the available facts and information.

The second part of the volume contains a detailed history of the seventy-two cases upon which the author bases his conclusions. The histories are given with the greatest minuteness and form an excellent basis for individual opinion as to the results of the treatment.

THE DISEASES OF THE UTERINE CERVIX. By Homer Irvin Ostrom, M. D., New York, Surgeon to the Metropolitan Hospital, etc., Author of "A Treatise on the Breast and its Surgical Diseases," "Epithelioma of the Mouth," etc. 386 pages. Cloth, $2.50. Postage, 18 cents. Philadelphia. Boericke & Tafel. 1904.

A glance at the subject only of this volume might lead one to think that the book is intended for the specialist alone, yet it treats of a class of cases which are of great importance to the general practitioner as well as the specialist.

It is full as accurate and scientific in the presentation of the subject as any old school work and at the same time it deals extensively and helpfully with the homeopathic treatment. In addition to giving the indications for remedies under the sections devoted to treatment of the various conditions two chapters are devoted to the symptomatology and a repertory of homeopathic drugs. It is a valuable. addition to homeopathic literature and reflects credit upon the author and our school of medicine.

***

There is a movement on foot to secure the establishment of several camps similar to that now in existence at Ottawa, Ill., in which patients suffering from tuberculosis may be isolated and treated. The physicians of Illinois are moving conjointly, the distinction between the schools being lost in the desire to further this laudable object. The Illinois State Homeopathic Society joins with the old school and the eclectic in a circular letter setting forth the purposes of the project and asking the citizens to join in promoting the movement. It is stated that 7,000 persons die of pulmonary tuberculosis annually in Illinois, about half of that number being in Chicago, and that the annual loss to the state in money exceeds $30,000,000, to say nothing of the suffering and sorrow. The promoters of the idea are certainly putting forth a strong plea for health,

Cleveland Medical and Surgical Reporter.

Contributions are solicited upon any subject connected with the practice of medicine or the allied sciences, and the only restrictions placed upon them are that they shall be free from personalities and given to the REPORTER exclusively. The Editor of the REPORTER is not responsible for any opinion expressed by contributors.

Vol. XIII.

FEBRUARY, 1905.

No. 2.

Original Articles.

THE BACTERIOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORIES OF THE CLEVELAND HOMEOPATHIC

MEDICAL COLLEGE.

By A. G. Schnabel, Demonstrator in Charge.

Of all the studies that go to equip the student for the scientific practice of medicine, none are of greater importance than the science of bacteriology. The researches made in this field during the last quarter century have broadened the scope of medical knowledge and have shown to the world the relations bacteria bear to, and the role they play in the animal and vegetable kingdoms and have proven beyond all doubt that the life of man is to a large extent influenced by the action of these organisms. The efforts of such men as Pasteur, Koch, Vaughn and others have placed this science where it stands as dictator in the medical world; for it not only holds the key to the etiology of disease, but in most instances determines the course and method of treatment. It is a promoter of public health, furnishing strict rules of sanitation, disinfection, quarantine and treatment of epidemic diseases, and a standard by means of which the purity of the food and water supplies of a community can be determined. The experimental work done in bacteriological laboratories with antiseptics has made possible the rapid progress in surgery, -the medicinal and dynamical value of drugs are in some cases determined by the bactericidal properties they possess, as shown by experiment, and in these same laboratories were developed to their present degree of efficiency the antitoxin and Pasteur treatments.

It is evident to every progressive, thinking physician that the whole science of the study of medicine has to a large extent been revised, and necessarily the whole manner and system of teaching has been changed to meet the new demands. Another year has been added to the time required for college work, which enables the instructors to devote the necessary attention to laboratory instruction, of which the

student of ten years ago received but little. Perhaps a few microscopical demonstrations were made, several bacteria studied, but at best a very vague idea of the immensity of the science was gained. Let the old students come back and visit our laboratories and observe for themselves the changes; we invite and want them to come, so that they will not labor under the false idea that our laboratories are the same as they were even five years ago; we want them to know that we teach and demonstrate in them that which is of the most practical value to the doctor, fitting him to take his place in the category of progressive, thinking and thoroughly scientific men, and enabling him to pass any medical examination he might undertake, whether it be hospital, State Board or civil service.

Our bacteriological laboratory is thoroughly equipped with all the latest appliances and apparatus necessary for the scientific study of bacteria. You will find each student using either a Zeiss, or a Bausch and Lomb microscope furnished with 2/3, 1/6, and 1/12 (oil immersion) objectives, incubators of the best American and German manufacture, steam and dry air sterilizers, wash bottles, bunsen burners, petri dishes, moist chambers, flasks, test tubes, fermentation tubes, funnels, tube racks and baskets, knives, glass rods, tripods, stains and stain dishes, chemicals, and every other article which he may need. Each student at the beginning of the course is assigned a locker containing the above-mentioned articles, thus making each an individual worker, in fact, you might say independent, in original research work.

The instruction in this department is divided into two courses, as follows:

Course I. (a) Recitations in text-book work and quizzes, supplemented by lectures. (b) Laboratory work (freshmen).

Course II.-The demonstration of bacteria in tissues in their relation to pathology (sophomores).

Course I.-This course extends throughout the first half of the year, every afternoon from 12:30 to 3:00 o'clock, the first hour being devoted to quiz and text-book instruction, the remainder of the time to laboratory work. (b) Students are furnished with laboratory guide books in which the essential instructions could be found to begin their work. They clean and sterilize their own utensils, prepare their own culture media, etc., thus familiarizing themselves with the necessary technique. The culture media used are bouillon, nutrient gelatin, agar-agar, glucose-formate-agar, blood serum, eggs, milk and Dunham's peptone solution.

In order to introduce the student to the systematic study of pathogenic organisms, it is necessary to begin routine work upon some very

characteristic growing bacterium, and no better subjects can be found for this purpose than the chromogenic saphrophytes. One week is devoted exclusively to studying these, this routine work giving the student a definite comprehension of the morphology of bacteria, and also familiarizing him with the technique of hanging drops, cover-slip preparation, stained and unstained, the method of isolation, plate and colonial growths, the making of slant and stab cultures, and methods of growing organisms ærobically and anærobically.

Saphrophytes studied are Bacillus Prodigiosus, Bacillus Violaceous, Bacillus Subtilis, Bacillus Mesentericus, Micrococcus agilis, Orange and Lemon Sarcina and Spirillum Rubrum.

Following the same systematic order the class takes up the study of disease-producing organisms, peculiarities are compared, special methods of culturing and staining are instituted (aiming always to enable the student to be able to identify the certain organisms no matter where found) and the methods to be pursued in diagnosis of a certain disease by bacteriological methods. Inoculation experiments are performed upon animals with organisms known to produce definite results, impressing upon the minds of the researcher the ability of germs to produce disease. Necropsies are held, lesions being noted, cultures made and tissue prepared for sectioning, thus verifying Koch's postulates.

The different staining methods used are Loeffler's and Burge's for flagella, Loeffler's for spores, Gram's for gonococci, Neisser's for diphtheria, Zeihl-Neissons for tubercle bacillus.

The pathogenic organisms studied are:

Staphylococcus pyogenes Aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes Citreus, Staphylococcus pyogenes Albus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Micrococcus tetrageneous, Micrococcus Lanceolatus, Micrococcus Gonorrhea, Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidus, Bacillus Pyocyaneus, Bacillus Proteus Vulgaris, Bacillus Tetanus, Bacillus Anthrax, Bacillus Diphtheria, Bacillus Tuberculosis, Bacillus Mallei, Bacillus Typhosus, Bacillus Coli communis, Spirillum Cholera, Streptothrix Actmyomyces, Leptothrix Buccalis.

The moulds are the Asperigellus glaucus, Muco mucedo, Penicellium glaucum and Oidium Albicaus.

ceous.

The yeasts are Sacchromyces Cerevescia and Sacchromyces Rosa

Samples of blood, pus, water, urine and sputum containing any of the above-mentioned organisms are furnished the class daily and a written report as to findings is required upon each sample.