151. In decisions to be made by the whole Burschenschaft, the following shall be the mode of proceeding:

152 a. First, in motions for new laws or the repeal of old ones. These may be made either by individuals or by the managing board. In the former case, the motion must be laid before the managing board in writing. The board shall pass it, together with its own opinion, over to the committee, which shall also express an opinion upon it. At the next meeting of the Burschenschaft the speaker shall give notice of the decision. The secretary of the committee shall also, in this meeting, cause the section managers to enter, in their section-record, the motion, with the opinions of the board and the committee.

152 b. No motion respecting a law can be laid before the whole Society, which is not put into a clear and legal form for voting on.

§ 153. The managers of the sections shall now lay the motion before their sections for consultation. These consultations, being a preparation for the general consultation, must be completed between the meeting of the Burschenschaft at which the subject was introduced and the next one. The motion will then be brought before the latter.

§ 154. The motion shall be voted upon in the sections. This voting must be finished before the next meeting of the committee, the time of which is to be announced by the speaker of the committee, in the proper general meeting. At such meeting of the committee, the secretary, to whom all the section managers must hand in their business-books, shall enter the result of the vote in a book kept for that purpose, which he shall pass over to the managing board. The secretary of the managing board shall then enter the new law, or the repeal or alteration of the old, in the constitution, and to lay it before the next general meeting, from which time it goes into effect.

$155. All matters coming before the Burschenschaft on appeal, whether by disagreement of the committee and managing board, or on the part of individuals, shall, in like manner, be announced in the general meeting and voted on in the sections. In these cases the voting may be without discussion; but otherwise the same proceedings are had as in the case of new laws. The result of the vote is announced, at the next general meeting, by the managing board. What is decided by the Burschenschaft takes effect from its announcement by the managing board.

$156. The same proceedings are to be had in all matters which, although not respecting laws, still come before the Burschenschaft for decision through the managing board.

§ 157. If one voice is given, at the call of the speaker, against the sending of letters laid before the Burschenschaft, the question shall be discussed, and decided by vote. § 158. A decision, by vote, in the general meeting, may be had upon all subjects not admitting of delay.

$159. Elections shall be conducted as follows:

§ 160. In the first meeting of the half-year, the speaker of the past half-year, or another of the managers, shall announce that a new election is to be held, and shall remind the members of the duty of choosing according to their best knowledge and convictions. Ballots, printed for the purpose, shall then be distributed to the voters, upon which they shall write, with a clear description, the names of their candidates, without subscribing their own names: that is, twelve for the managing board and twenty-eight for the committee.

§ 161. On a day immediately following, the Burschenschaft shall convene again. The letters of the alphabet shall then be distributed to fifty members, one letter to two. The speaker, to whom shall be joined a committee-man, for assistance, shall read the votes. The fifty members shall, upon their word of honor, observe strictly, how often the names beginning with their letters occur. The votes shall then be counted, and the result announced. The three out of those chosen for the manag

ing board who shall have the fewest votes shall be the candidates; and in like manner the seven of those chosen for the committee. Votes to choose those members of the managing board who are actually chosen to the committee, shall be counted for them for the latter place.

To avoid irregularities, any one may have the ballots preserved for reference to the time of the announcement, at the next meeting of the Burschenschaft, and may inform of any such irregularities.

§ 162. In case of an equal number of votes for several candidates, the lot shall decide among them; and the same in all other elections.

$163. The same mode of election shall be followed in filling vacancies in the board and the committee, and at special elections.

§ 164. In all cases where delay may be injurious to the Burschenschaft, the managing board, alone, shall make the decision; but is answerable to the Burschenschaft for it.

§ 165. During vacations, there shall be formed, from any managers and committee-men remaining, a body, to consist of at least five members, and which, if managers and committee-men can not be found, shall complete its number from any members of the Burschenschaft remaining in Jena. In important cases, this body may call meetings of such members of the Burschenschaft as remain in Jena. But any decision by such meeting is provisory only, and becomes binding only by vote of the Burschenschaft.

§ 166. In all matters for the decision of which those not members of the Burschenschaft are to be called on to act together with it, the business shall be introduced by the Burschenschaft before those not members take part in it. The meetings of Burschen are to be conducted under the same forms as those of the Burschenschaft. § 167. When any decision has been lawfully made, it is the duty of the managing board to enforce the fullest and most punctual obedience to it.

ENTRANCE INTO AND DEPARTURE FROM THE BURSCHENSCHAFT.
Acceptance and Entrance.

$ 168. Every student at this place may present himself for admission into the Burschenschaft.

§ 169. The candidate must possess the following qualifications:

a. He must be a German: that is, he must speak German, and acknowledge himself a German by nation.

b. He must be a Christian.

c. He must be honorable: that is, there must be no disgrace attaching to him, either as a citizen or as a Bursch.

d. He must belong to no association whose laws or purpose conflict with those of the Burschenschaft.

e. He must have been a Bursch for at least a quarter of a year.

$170. Burschen wishing to enter the Burschenschaft are to apply to the secretary of the managing board, who shall record their surname and given name, place of birth, university where and time during which they studied.

§ 171. The secretary shall read the names of such candidates at the meeting of the Burschenschaft, and shall post them up at the Burschen-house. These steps are to enable any persons having objections to such candidates as are deficient in any of the above requisites, to state them to the managing board.

§ 172 a. If no such objection is made within fourteen days, the constitution shall be read to the candidates, by the secretary; and if, upon inquiry, they continue in their desire to enter the Burschenschaft (silence to be taken as an affirmative), they shall be admitted at the next meeting of the Burschenschaft.

§ 172 b. If any objection is alleged to the admission of a new member, and any

disgraceful matter alleged, the Burschenschaft shall decide, by vote, upon his ad

mission.

173. The proceedings at admission shall be as follows:

After an address by the speaker, to the candidates, who shall be seated before the assembly, the secretary shall read to them, slowly and distinctly, the form of admission; and if they shall answer "Yes" to the questions therein, they shall give their word of honor to the speaker to observe the conditions of the same.

174. The form of admission is as follows:

"You stand before this honorable assembly to take the joyful vow which shall admit you into our midst. I, as secretary; ask you, N. N., in the name of the Jena Burschenschaft, solemnly and publicly:

"Do you recognize the sentiment and spirit which belong to the provisions of our constitution? Do you recognize the sentiment and spirit which animate our fundamental principles, and give them power and form? Do you acknowledge yourself a German by nationality; and do you acknowledge that, without a German life-without a profound sympathy in the weal and woe of our fatherland-our Burschenschaft can not exist for its purposes? Do you declare that, in the fundamental principles of the Jena Burschenschaft you find your own principles; that you will, within and without that society, with your body and life, defend the principles and life of the Burschenschaft; and that as with the Burschenschaft, so with the German people, you will stand or fall? Then give your word of honor to the speaker."

§ 175. By giving their word of honor, the candidates become members of the Burschenschaft, and are, from that time forward, to be treated as such; and are at once to be apportioned, by the secretary of the committee, to the sections.

DISMISSION FROM THE BURSCHENSCHAFT.

176. A member of the Burschenschaft ceases to be such:

a. By being dismissed by the Burschenschaft.

b. By himself seeking a dismission.

c. By ceasing to be a student.

§ 177. A member desirous to leave the Burschenschaft must make written applcation, with his reasons, to the managing board.

$178. The request having been granted by the managing board and the committee, and having been signified to him, he ceases to be a member.

179. Any one a member of the Burschenschaft at leaving the university, remains an honorary member of it, unless himself renouncing membership, or afterward excluded for dishonorable conduct.

§ 180 a. Honorary members have all the privileges of actual members, so far as they can be enjoyed by one not a student: namely, the right of taking part in the meetings of the Burschenschaft, and of casting deliberative votes; of participating in all the festivities of the Burschenschaft, &c.; also, the right of hospitality, and other aid from the Burschenschaft, so far as they can give it. He must, however, also undertake all the responsibilities which the enjoyment of those rights implies. § 180 b. All those leaving Jena as members of the Burschenschaft shall be solemnly dismissed at the last meeting of the Burschenschaft. The details of the occasion shall be arranged by the managing board.

RELATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS TO THE BURSCHENSCHAFT AND TO EACH OTHER. RIGHTS AND DUTIES.

Relation to the Burschenschaft.

§ 181. It is the duty of every member to watch over the honor and reputation of the Burschenschaft as over his own honor; and everywhere, as much as in him lies, to promote its unity and prosperity.

§ 182. Full and punctual obedience to all the laws is a fundamental principle of the Burschenschaft; for that body can only exist as a whole, and accomplish its purposes, by strict order.

183. Every member unconditionally recognizes the decisions of the Burschenschaft as binding laws, whether they were opposed by debate and vote or not.

§ 184. Every one must quietly submit to whatever punishment may be inflicted upon him according to law.

§ 185. Every member must, so far as time and circumstances permit him, assist in every thing directed by the Burschenschaft as a whole.

§ 186. Every member is bound to assume every office to which he is elected, and all its rights and duties. If there are reasons not permitting him to perform the duties of the office, he must lay the evidence thereof before the managing board for examination; but during the examination he must perform the duties of the place, since his election renders this necessary.

§ 187. Every member must obey the officers of the Burschenschaft so long as they do not exceed their authority.

$188. Especially strict obedience is due to the decisions of the managing board and of the committee, unless an appeal is to be legally brought to the Burschenschaft.

$189. If any officer has exceeded his authority, and thereby done injustice to any one, information must be given to the managing board.

§ 190. Every member is bound to inform the managing board of any gross violation of the constitution or code of customs; and no performance of this duty can subject him to the charge of tale-telling.

$191. All members are bound not to mention publicly, that is, in the presence of Philister, any matters whose publicity might be dangerous to the Burschenschaft; for, though that body is by no means a secret society, it can not proceed entirely without some operations not public.

$192. Every member has, in all circumstances, the fullest right to the most powerful and active assistance from the Burschenschaft which it can afford.

Relations of the Members to each other.

§ 198. The relations of the members to each other are altogether equal; and no appearance of gradation of rank can, at any time, be allowed.

§ 194. All difference of birth is put entirely out of the account; and every member is holden to consider the rest as his brothers, seeking a common object with him.

195. In order to mark the closeness of their bond of unity and brotherhood, all the members shall use, to each other, the pronoun “thou."

$196. For this reason every member is bound, in duels, to obtain a second and a witness from the Burschenschaft.

197. The only difference to be recognized among members of the Burschenschaft is that which greater or less experience naturally occasions. Accordingly, the members do not possess deciding votes in the Burschenschaft until the second half-year of their life as students.

§ 198. No member can be chosen manager until the third half-year of his studentlife, nor committee-man until the second.

§ 199. But these distinctions shall not occasion any younger member to be reckoned inferior to an older; for it is only individual excellence, not years' standing, which can be alleged in favor of members.

VIOLATION OF LAWS.-PUNISHMENTS.

200. The Burschenschaft shall punish in its capacity as:

1. Upholder of the code of customs; inasmuch as it visits with a penalty every

infraction of the code, and declares the loss of honor or “disgrace” (verruf), pronounced by the code, to be incurred by students guilty of dishonorable practices.

201. 2. An association; in which capacity it must protect itself against violations of its laws by members, and must, for that purpose exercise its judicial authority over them.

$202. Punishments for violations of the laws of the Burschenschaft are either fines or loss of honor.

§ 203. Fines are inflicted for unpunctuality at meetings and at the fencing-room. Details are given in their appropriate places.

§ 204 a. All fines must be paid before the first of the following month. Any one then unable to pay must fix a term of payment, upon his word of honor, which must not be more than four weeks.

$204 b. Every manager of a section, or of the fencing-room, is bound to collect all fines due, and is holden for them if he neglects to do so; and he must hand them over, monthly, to the treasurer.

205. Punishments by loss of honor are as follows:

1. Admonition, by the speaker, for neglect of duty.
2. Reproof and censure in proportion to the fault.
a. Before the managing board, privately.

b. Before the same, publicly.

c. Before the meeting of the Burschenschaft.

$206. The speaker shall administer all reproofs, after they are approved by the managing board; and in the terms which he uses to characterize the fault he must use no insulting expressions; for a judicial officer can not be supposed to intend insult. 207. 8. Expulsion from the Burschenschaft may take place when the conduct of a member has rendered him unworthy to remain such: that is,

a. When a member has incurred the penalty of disgrace;

b. Or when he has committed a transgression for which disgrace is not the proper punishment.

§ 208. 4. Disgrace is incurred by any member asserting any thing disrespectful to the Burschenschaft; either by insulting the whole Society, or the managing board and committee, or by opposing himself to the decisions of the Burschenschaft. $209. All these punishments are either

1. Prescribed by law for fixed cases of misconduct; in which case the managing board inflicts them as prescribed; and in cases where it does not recognize an exculpation as sufficient, an appeal, as herein before provided, may be brought to the Burschenschaft.

$ 210. Or,

2. No fixed cases are prescribed for their infliction. In such case the managing board, with the approval of the committee, inflicts admonition or reproof; against which an appeal lies to the Burschenschaft.

§ 211. The whole Burschenschaft must decide, by major vote, upon the expulsion of any member, at the instance of the managing board, in cases where the laws do not expressly prescribe that penalty.

FINANCES.-TREASURY.

212. The managing board has control of the finances.

$213. The sources of income of the treasury are three:

a. Half-yearly taxes.

b. Special assessments.

c. Fines accruing.

§ 214. The following are the regulations for levying taxes:

$215. Every member must pay one and a half per cent. of his income, whose amount he must state, on his word of honor, at his entrance into the Burschen