physically, mentally, and temperamentally qualified for the proper performance of diplomatic work, or who has not been specially designated by the President for appointment to the diplomatic service subject to examination and subject to the occurrence of an appropriate vacancy.

(10) Upon the conclusion of the examinations, the names of the candidates who shall have attained upon the whole examination the required mark will be certified by the Board to the Secretary of State as eligible for appointment.

(11) The names of candidates will remain on the eligible list for two years, except in the case of such candidates as shall within that period be appointed or shall withdraw their names. Names which have been on the eligible list for two years will be dropped therefrom and the candidates concerned will not again be eligible for appointment unless upon fresh application, designation anew for examination, and the successful passing of such second examination.

(12) Applicants for appointment who are designated to take an examination and who fail to report therefor, shall not be entitled to take a subsequent examination unless they shall have been specifically designated to take such subsequent examination.

In designations for appointment subject to examination and in appointments after examination, due regard will be had to the rule, that as between candidates of equal merit, appointments should be made so as to tend to secure proportional representation of all the States and Territories in the diplomatic service; and neither in the designation for examination or certification or appointment after examination will the political affiliations of the candidates be considered.

(13) The Board of Examiners is authorized to issue such notices and to make all such rules as it may deem necessary to accomplish the object of this regulation.

(14) Transfers from one branch of the foreign service to another shall not occur except upon designation by the President for examination and the successful passing of the

examination prescribed for the service to which such transfer is made. Unless the exigencies of the service imperatively demand it, such person to be transferred shall not have preference in designation for the taking of the examination or in appointment from the eligible list, but shall follow the course of procedure prescribed for all applicants for appointment to the service which he desires to enter. To persons employed in the Department of State at salaries of eighteen hundred dollars or more, the preceding rule shall not apply and they may be appointed, on the basis of ability and efficiency, to any grade of the diplomatic service.

(15) The Secretary of State may, as provided by Rule III of the present Civil Service Rules, request the Civil Service Commission to hold special examinations for the position of clerk of class two or above in the Department of State, such examination to follow generally and so far as the Secretary of State shall deem practicable, the lines of the present foreign service examinations.

(16) In the case of promotions in the Department of State to the grades of clerk of class two or above, the Secretary of State may require the passing of an examination in the general nature of the present diplomatic or consular service examinations.

(17) With further reference to the matter of promotions in the Department of State, the Secretary of State is directed to cause to be kept, as a guide in determining the promotion or retention of the personnel, a careful record of the efficiency of each clerk in the Department.

THE WHITE HOUSE, November 26, 1909.

This was supplemented by:

INFORMATION FOR APPLICANTS

WM. H. TAFT.

Diplomatic service examinations are not held at regularly stated periods, but only at such times as it is deemed expedient to replenish the list of those eligible for such appoint

ment. The dates of the holding of examinations are publicly announced through the press.

Although designations for examination are made by the President, applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of State.

An application is considered as pending for a period of two years. After such period has elapsed without its being acted upon, another application with endorsements will be necessary to obtain for it further consideration.

Applicants for appointment, in their correspondence with the Department, should always sign their names as given in their applications, without enlargement or contraction.

CHAPTER XIV

PASSPORTS. AUTHENTICATIONS. REGISTRATIONS

THE

HE highest duty of an American diplomatic or consular officer is to protect citizens of the United States in lawful pursuit of their affairs in foreign countries. The document issued in authentication of the right to such protection is the passport.1

Broadly speaking, the Department issues two kinds of passports-those for citizens and those for persons who are not citizens. Citizens' passports are ordinary and special; aliens' passports are for travel in the United States and for qualified protection abroad of those who have taken the first steps to become American citizens.

The citizen's passport is the only document issued by the Department of State to authenticate the citizenship of an American going abroad. The Act of August 18, 1856,2 makes the issuance to one who is not a citizen a penal offense, if it is committed by a consular officer. Before this law was passed the Department did not issue the document to aliens; but it was

1 See The American Passport, its History and a Digest of Laws, Rulings and Regulations governing its issuance by the Department of State, 1898.

2 11 Stat., 60.

3 R. S. U. S. 4078.

permitted to this government's agents abroad sometimes to do so. The Personal Instructions to the Diplomatic Agents of the United States of 1853 said:

They sometimes receive applications for such passports from citizens of other countries; but these are not regularly valid, and should be granted only under special circumstances, as may sometimes occur in the case of foreigners coming to the United States.

In July, 1845, the Department printed a notice "for the information of citizens of the United States about to visit foreign countries," which said:

To prevent delay in obtaining a passport, the application should be accompanied by such evidence as may show the applicant to be a citizen of the United States (when that fact is not already known to the Department of State).

The first passport found in the files of the Department is dated July 8, 1796, and is on a printed form showing that it was in common use:

To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting:

The Bearer hereof, Francis Maria Barrere a citizen of the United States of America, having occasion to pass into foreign countries about his lawful affairs, these are to pray all whom it may concern, to permit the said Francis Maria Barrere (he demeaning himself well and peaceably) to pass wheresoever his lawful pursuits may call him, freely and without let or molestation in going, staying or returning, and to give him all friendly aid and protection, as these United States would do to their citizens in the like case.

In faith whereof I have caused the seal of the Department of State for the said United States to be hereunto affixed.

Done at Philadelphia, this eighth day of July in the year