from regard to religious scruples of party, 595, n. on its own motion, 160. by the governor, 160. (See EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS.) ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION, exercise of, by the Revolutionary Congress, 7. of accused parties as evidence, 384-391. ADVERTISEMENT, notice to foreign parties by, 505, 506. not effectual to warrant a personal judgment, 506. not to be taxed, 24, 601–604. AGREEMENTS, ALABAMA, (See CONTRACTS.) divorces not to be granted by legislature, 133, n. bills, how to be signed, 165, n. legislative journals to be signed by presiding officer, 165, n. no law to embrace more than one object, to be expressed in title, 172, n. protection of person and property by law of the land, 436, n. liberty of speech and the press in, 521, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. persons conscientiously opposed to bearing arms excused, 596. exclusion of, from suffrage, 37, 38, 753. ALIMONY, payment of, cannot be ordered by legislature, 137. jurisdiction of United States courts in respect to, 14. of money bills, may be made by Senate, 160. of indictments, 331. of statutes, 183-185. republication of statute amended, 183, 184. AMENDMENT, — continued. at the same session of their passage, 186. (See STATE CONSTITUTIONS.) right of, may be taken away, 481. effect of change in the law pending an appeal, 477. APPORTIONMENT, (See OFFICE.) of powers between the States and the nation, 2. between the departments of the State government, 42–47, 49, 109–112. of debts and property on division of municipal corporations, 233, 234, n. APPRAISAL, of private property taken by the public, 699-712. APPRAISEMENT LAWS, how far invalid, 355. APPRENTICE, control of master over, 421. APPROPRIATION, of private property to public use, 652. APPROVAL OF LAWS, (See EMINENT DOMAIN.) (See GOVERNOR.) (See PERSONAL LIBERTY.) ARBITRARY ARRESTS, illegality of, 368–372. ARBITRARY EXACTIONS, distinguished from taxation, 611. ARBITRARY POWER, unknown among common-law principles, 29. cannot be exercised under pretence of taxation, 611, 632, 633. ARBITRARY RULES, of construction, danger of, 72, 74, 75, 102. of presumption, 403, n. ARBITRATION, submission of controversies to, 500. ARGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENTI, in constitutional construction, 85, 86. ARKANSAS, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. ARKANSAS, - continued. ARMS, -- revenue bills to originate in lower house, 160, n. limited time for introduction of new bills, 169, n. no law to embrace more than one object, to be expressed in title, 172, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 521, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of competency of witness, 596, n. right to bear, 433, 434. ARMY, exemption from bearing, of persons conscientiously opposed, 595, 596. quartering in private houses, 378. jealousy of standing army, 433. ARREST, privilege of legislators from, 163. criticism of, how far privileged, 568, 569. why superseded, 8, 9. ASSESSMENTS, for local improvements, generally made in reference to benefits, 619, 620. not necessarily made on property according to value, 619. are made under the power of taxation, 620. not covered by the general constitutional provisions respecting taxation, not unconstitutional to make benefits the basis for, 621, 629, 636. may be made in reference to frontage, 631, 632. but each lot cannot be compelled to make the improvement in front of it, bills of, not to be passed by State legislatures, 19, 42, 317. cases of such bills, 318-322. bills of pains and penalties included in, 319. ATTORNEYS, exclusion of, from practice is a punishment, 322. right to notice of proceedings therefor, 416, n., 506, n. (See COUNSEL.) persons conscientiously opposed to, are excused, 595, 596. BEASTS, police regulations regarding, 749. regulations making railway companies liable for killing, 722. BENEFITS, may be taken into account in assessments for local improvements, 621, what may be deducted when private property is taken by the public, 706. principle of, 484. are constitutional, 485. owner cannot be compelled to improve his lands, 482. not applicable to lands appropriated by the public, 487, n. BETTING ON ELECTIONS, illegality of, 774. BEVERAGES, police regulations to prevent the sale of intoxicating, 725. BILL OF RIGHTS (English), a declaratory statute, 30, 315. BILL OF RIGHTS (National), not originally inserted in Constitution, 314. reasons for omission, 314. objections to Constitution on that ground, 315-317. afterwards added by amendments, 317. BILL OF RIGHTS (State), generally found in constitution, 44. what prohibitions not necessary, 212. BILLS, LEGISLATIVE, constitutional provisions for three readings, 96, 97, 170. when they become laws, 158, n. (See LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE.) BILLS OF ATTAINDER, not to be passed by State legislature, 19, 42, 317. cases of such bills, 318, 322. BILLS OF CREDIT, States not to emit, 19. BILLS OF PAINS AND PENALTIES, BLASPHEMY, punishment of, does not violate religious liberty, 588-593. published in account of judicial proceedings is not privileged, 560. BOATS, ferry, licensing of, 740. speed of, on navigable waters may be regulated by States, 740. not to be affected by retrospective legislation, 472, 478, n. issue of, by municipalities in aid of internal improvements, 144, 260-272. criticism of, how far privileged, 569. indecent, sale of, may be prohibited, 749. BOUNTIES, when earned, become vested rights, 480. payment of, to soldiers by municipal corporations, 274-281. BOUNTY SUBSCRIPTIONS, by municipal corporations, how far valid, 274–281. BRIDGES, erection of, by State authority over navigable waters, 738, 739.. BUILDINGS, condemnation and forfeiture of, as nuisances, 728. BURIAL, right of, subject to control, 247, n. BURLESQUES, libels by means of, 529. BY-LAWS, of municipal corporations, 241-247. must be reasonable, 243-247. |