vidual ambition are both at the height of their power. Unless the young woman's goal of life is high enough to demand them both, she is apt to be torn between them as between wild horses. Shall she follow the career opened by her unusual talent, or shall she "sacrifice" it to the man she loves and the children to whom she may bequeath it? Shall she forego the home of her own to stay with the parents who are lonely, or to supplement the inadequate homelife of the poor and ignorant, in "social work"? Her character as a woman depends on her "consecration of the affections," and this is a matter of religious and moral principle. Only religion and moral principle can steady her life when by circumstances which come to many a woman the object of either the race passion or the personal ambition is torn out of it. The torrents of seemingly futile emotion must be stemmed, and used as motor power for service. The plan of life must be great enough to make more than one form of its expression possible, and thus save her from the hypochondria, apathy, fads, or empty dreariness which are the only other possible forms of existence.

2. Social Responsibility. For efficiency in marriage and motherhood certain knowledge is needed. Those who are best able to help a young woman are men and women with the wisdom of experience, and the rare ability to refrain from making her judgments for her. Here there is no help like a wise mother's. The girl who has not a wise mother should have access to the heart of some other wise and unselfish married woman. For the sake of her entire future and that of the children she will teach or rear, every girl should have

"See Bibliography, Numbers 96, 97, 102, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116.

adequate knowledge of the essential facts of heredity and of social pathology. If she knows, in the impersonal, universal way that one learns scientific facts, the laws governing the transmission of insanity and feeble-mindedness, and the fiendish blasting of unborn lives entailed by every "sowing of wild oats," her acquaintances and intimacies will be guided without the willful prejudice of any "argumentum ad hominem." And heartaches will be saved if knowledge comes before affections are given.

There are those whose unwelcomed or unconsidered lives are the product of forces which must not be allowed to handicap future generations. If the girl has the burden of a heredity tainted with transmissible mental or physical disease, or loves a man who has such a burden, she must be helped to see that these forces may be made to work out a gift to the world in her own life. It is such strong souls that make of themselves "eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake"5 who prove, in the advancement of the whole world's standard of righteous living, the ancient "Thus saith the Lord unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; even unto them will I give in mine house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and daughters; I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off."6

3. The Will to Efficiency. In marriage as well as in its renunciation, will is needed as well as knowledge. The instincts of wifely affection and comradeship, of motherhood, and of domesticity are quite distinct, both in the form of their responses, and in the situations

which call them forth. Often, perhaps usually, they are closely correlated. Perhaps oftener than custom has allowed for, a high degree of one exists with a much lower degree or entire absence of the others. A young woman should know where she is weakest in this trinity on which the successful home depends, and supplement instinct by training. Even the strongest maternal instinct will not know without instruction what to do for a sick baby; affection without intelligence may kill it. Unless the fundamentals of child training are intelligently acquired, the character of the loved but "spoiled" child may have almost ineradicable handicaps of habit before school brings to him the help of a trained teacher. The most tender affection and spiritual understanding between husband and wife will not entirely atone for dirt and untidiness in the housekeeping, or for ill-cooked and unpunctual meals. If the wife's affection is real, she will master the science of home making, whether or not she can hire its tasks performed by others.

4. The Unshakable Foundations. The business of serious courtship, accordingly, must be the finding out in each other of the things that shall hold two young people together for life. Have they interests enough in common to hold over after the waning of the stimuli and responses which arise only at the mating period? Interests are always founded on instincts, and the underlying instinct which founds marriage is that of parenthood. The display and answering emotion of a passionate kind will suddenly or gradually cease as the business of maintaining work and home presses hard. But if the home is founded as a unit of society, to contribute well-trained children to the community,

the birth and growth of those children will furnish continuous stimulus to mutual interests. Founding a home on such a common interest presupposes a free and reverent discussion of it. Can there be real unity in carrying out their common interest? Then there must be a common standard of ethics, ability to see beauty in the same things-(at least after it is pointed out) and an unselfish good will. Not to be compared to artificial love-making is the determination to make each other have a good time, and to trust and be trustworthy to the uttermost. The deeper and higher the interests in which there is unity of understanding and ideal, the more safely may happiness be risked when the range of lesser interests does not entirely coincide. If both put love to God and service to man in the center of their attention and effort, one may bear with the other's lack of humor, and the other reciprocate by going uncomplainingly to a symphony concert or serving sauerkraut, as the case may be. Selfishness is the only invincible foe to happiness.

SUMMARY

This period is crowded, potent, dynamic. In it decisions must be made which affect the whole life of the woman, and her whole contribution to society. The best of knowledge and the fruit of ripest experience should be available to her as she chooses her friends, her work, and her lover, and home. For success in personal happiness and in unselfish service, all her decisions must be made in relation to a plan large enough to cover her whole life, both in its undeveloped possibilities and in extent of time, and in accordance with eternal principles of duty and efficiency.

CHAPTER XIX

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS AND METHODS

THE girl's problems in her years of maturing are those of duty and efficiency. Her solution of them will be satisfactory as she succeeds in meeting, according to various accepted tests, the standards which herself and society have set for her. The educator's problems are those involved in seeing that she is acquainted with the highest standards, and that she has the knowledge of herself and of conditions which will make it possible for her to meet the tests. The educator's part is that of supplying information and sympathetic understanding. In the relations between girl and educator friendship is the motive and cooperation the method which alone are effective.

Social Factors Which Make the Present Educational Problem Unique. While the instinctive development in the last years of adolescence is fundamentally the same in all times and all nations, the stimuli which act upon these instincts vary from generation to generation. The difference is in the sum total of the previous experience and training of the individual, and in the demands and ideals of the society by which she is surrounded. In these ways young womanhood in every quarter of the globe is different in this decade from young womanhood at any other time in history. It is characteristic of this stage of mental development to think, to theorize and philosophize, and to seek for unity between thought and action. There have been