trial alliance scheme, the workingmen recently elected three aldermen and three supervisors. Quoting the language of Rev. F. M. Sprague, "Socialism, being the product of social evolution, the only danger lies in opposing it."

Is Christianity changing? In the days of the lowly Nazarene money changers were scourged from the temple. Now it tries to coax them in. "Doc" Gladden has an uphill fight.

A decision as sweeping as the famous Dred Scott ruling was handed down by the supreme court April 17. The ten-hour workday was declared unconstitutional in New York. Good Jiminy! JOSEPH P. KEATING.

CLARKSBURG, W. VA.

Work since my last letter has picked up, and the prospect is that it will still continue to do so. The more the better.

With the eight-hour day so close upon us, fellow craftsman, have you stopped and asked yourself, "Am I doing all I can to help along the eight-hour day"? For, remember, it not only helps one, but all of us. All pull together and we will win out. Three things to remember-organize, the label, and the eight-hour day.

It is rumored a new morning daily is soon to be launched here by Wheeling (W. Va.) parties, but the writer can not get any direct information.

Here's to THE JOURNAL'S health and its editor's good health; may they both live long and prosper. WALTER R. WATKINS.

TWO CONTRASTS.

A short time ago a resolution was introduced to have all printing done for the town of Revere, Mass., bear the union label. The matter came up at a largely advertised town meeting, and every one of the fifty-odd union printers living in that town were notified and requested to be pres

ent.

Deducting the number who work nights and who would find it almost impossible to be present, we still had some twenty-five members of No. 13 who might easily have been there. Yet not over three showed up, one of whom lost two nights' work in order to be present. The resolution was passed, thanks to the assistance given us by the members of other labor organizations. Two weeks ago a hearing was given by the text-book committee of the Boston school board to remonstrants against the label on text books resolution before that committee. Not only were the representatives of all the large school book publishers present, but the members of the Boston Typothetæ, of which organization but one or two members print school books, were on hand in force with their counsel. And they served notice on the committee that they would fight the matter to a finish if the label resolution were passed.

That's one contrast.

George H. Ellis, president of the United Typothetæ, a resident of Boston and conceded to be a bright, able business man and a splendid organizer, is spending much of his time throughout

the country getting the employers in line to meet the demand of the International Typographical Union for an eight-hour day on January 1 next. He has the situation well in hand in Boston, he says, as work of a strengthening nature has been going on for months by the employers here. Pick up any of the journals of the employing printers and see how much space is given to the eight-hour question. On the other hand we, in Boston, have not yet awakened to the immensity of the work at our hands. Our journals are in the same comatose condition. A sample: The last number of the Allied Printing Trades Journal contains a full page picture of George H. Ellis and this paragraph: "George H. Ellis, of Boston, was the principal speaker at a dinner given by the Syracuse Typothetæ last month. Other speakers were Vice-President Green and Secretary MacIntyre, of the National Typothetæ." And this constituted all the "eight-hour" news contained in this paper, which is supposed to represent the allied trades of New England.

It is evident that the typothetæ, in Boston at least, are alive to their interests. These two contrasts should start the members of No. 13 thinking. The salvation of the eight-hour day lies in one word: "Organize." The typothetæ are doing it-we must. NORMAN E. MCPHAIL. Boston, Mass.

BUFFALO, N. Y.

President Meehan and his bunch of braves, the News team, champions of the Toronto printers' bowling league, journeyed to our city to play the Courier team, champions of the Buffalo newspaper league. Although the Toronto boys felt as though they had been scalped, being trimmed by about 500 pins, they were by no means disgraced. They were playing on regulation alleys and were not accustomed to the ten feet of extra length. A luncheon was served during the game and a good time had by all who participated. N. Wesley Williams was captain of the visiting team, and Bob Mann took charge of the locals. President Meehan chaperoned the boys in splendid style, and if there is one person that has the happy faculty of making friends it is Mr. Meehan. A return game is to be played in Toronto about the end of April, and if the threats of Bowler Oliver hold good Buf. falo will be beat to a frazzle.

The factory inspectors have been very busy in this vicinity of late. A search of the printing of fices resulted in the chasing out of a lot of boys under the required age in all departments.

Mrs. MacKibbin, who has served lunch in the composing rooms here for the past twelve years, was seized with a stroke of apoplexy Saturday night. She was carried unconscious from the Courier composing room, and died on Sunday morning. Elizabeth Courtney was Mrs. MacKib bin's maiden name. The pallbearers were Messrs. Stansil, Scott, Dixon and Mann, members of No. 9.

One of those little blunders that cause printers to smile occurred the other night. A head should have read "Homeopaths Elect Officers." When it

reached the proof desk it read, "Home of Atheists Elect Officers."

Bishop Joseph F. Berry, of Buffalo, presiding officer of the Northern New York conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, preached the conference sermon, in the course of which he said:

In our country there are two great armies fighting for supremacy, the army of the trusts on one side and the army of labor on the other. This is bringing about industrial, commercial and social conditions which will certainly throw us into a war unless some one steps in to prevent it. The trusts are crying for monopoly and oppression of labor and more money. The unions are crying death to monopoly, drive out the trusts, more wages and shorter hours. Both are fighting for the same thing self.

The bishop, while he might be a great authority on foreign missions, appears to know but very little about trade unions. Selfishness is one thing that we can not be accused of. And if the bishop will read up union labor's history he may possibly change his views.

Labor news is receiving but scant notice at the hands of the local press. It is true that a couple of papers run a column or two, but the majority of them have dropped the labor editor, and not a line appears relative to labor's doing. We presume about election time they will get busy.

At the last meeting of No. 245 a communication was received from John R. Boyden, secretary of the Woonsocket hospital, containing ten tickets for "Herr Hans," an entertainment to be given in aid of the hospital, the tickets being 50 cents each, requesting the purchase of the same by the union; but as the union label was not on said tickets the secretary was instructed to return them to Mr. Boyden, stating that the union could not conscientiously purchase tickets for this or any other purpose which did not bear the union label, but that, as the members were heartily in favor of so worthy an institution as the hospital certainly was, the sum of $5, which would be the value of the tickets, would be gladly donated to that institution by the union. A notice of this action of the union was published in the local papers the next evening and stirred up considerable discussion on the street, so much so that one of the promoters of the aforesaid entertainment made haste to call on President A. I. Babb and explain in the following item how the label came to be omitted:

The committee in charge of the printing for "Herr Hans," to be produced at Woonsocket opera house May 5 and 6, Friday and Saturday, the performance to be for the benefit of the local hospital, was not aware that the tickets were not to have the union label on them.

Arrangements have been made to have the program for the production printed with the union label, by union workmen, in a union shop.

It is plainly evident from the above item that No. 245 stirred up a bees' nest, and at the same time gave people to understand that if they want

the support of union workmen they must return the compliment.

The old officers were elected for the ensuing year. They will be installed at the May meeting. Are we going to send a delegate to Toronto? Well, I should say we will.

No. 245 is preparing to observe its seventeenth anniversary next month, and that Brothers F. E. Kelly, W. J. Foley and W. L. Gahan have the arrangements for the same in hand, is proof posi tive that it will be a success.

We'll be with the advance guard in 1906.
A. W. GLEASON.

MALONEY AND SOCIALISM AGAIN.

Labor omnia vincit (labor conquers all things). The space of our valuable trade journal should not be too much taken up with abstract political economy, I know, but should rather be kept as closely to contemporaneous evolution as possible; in other words, the eight-hour day, etc. But a little spice of theoretical discussion is good for the growing minds of the followers of the art of arts, I am convinced.

The readers of THE JOURNAL will pardon me, I hope, for taking another shy at Brother Maloney's latest arguments against social evolution.

After (in the beginning of his article in the April number) briefly mentioning the names of "Marx, Engels, Debs, Simons, Bebel, Hyndman, Guesde, AND ALL THE REST OF THE SOCIALIST LEADERS," he says:

The workers are entitled to the full product of their toil. They are not entitled to everything because they don't produce everything.

Capital is only saved labor, and is therefore entitled to a fair share.

The above syllabus of political economy must have been acquired by reading the authors' names and outside titles of the books, for nothing like it can be found on the inside.

The cornerstone upon which the science of political economy now rests is: "Labor produces all wealth." This is admitted, by all real students of the so-called "dismal science," as obvious. If Brother Maloney wishes to really embarrass the students of social evolution he must first successfully demolish the above truth, "Labor produces all wealth." How can wealth be produced but by labor? If an individual possesses wealth which he did not produce, it follows that some one else produced it for him.

If "The worker is entitled to the full product of his toil," and "Labor produces all wealth," then it is good logic, it seems to me, to think that labor is ENTITLED to all wealth. Not one-quarter, nor one-half, nor even seven-eighths, but ALL.

Again, as Maloney says, "Capital is only saved labor" (perhaps "crystallized" would be a better word than "saved"). It must follow, just as inexorably, that labor should own capital, too. How can we escape this logical conclusion?

To repeat: "Labor produces all wealth," "Capital is only crystallized labor," and "Labor is entitled to all it produces."

In these days of Kansas vs. Standard Oil,

Chicago vs. Railroad Sharks, Policy Holders vs. Equitable Life, etc., etc., it is idle to say that all things will remain unchanged.

To those who have done me the honor to read thus far I will say (especially if they have not studied any of the social sciences) that, as long as they remember "Labor produces all wealth," "Capital is only crystallized labor," and "Labor is entitled to all it produces," they can not stray far from economic truth if they remain in the domain of reason. ARCHIE JARROld.

Binghamton, N. Y.

ELIZABETH, N. J.

It is with deep regret that we have to announce the serious illness of our efficient correspondent to THE JOURNAL, T. H. Blakeny, who was taken to the general hospital on Saturday, April 15, suffering from pneumonia.

Our April meeting was one of the most spirited meetings held by No. 150 in some time, it being for the annual election of officers.

C. Ford, of Hoboken, N. J., president of the state federation of labor, was a visitor at our April meeting.

The friendly contests for the offices of president and secretary-treasurer only go to show the great interest manifested by the members of No. 150.

It has been suggested that we use the Australian ballot at our next election. W. S. B. VALENTINE.

ATLANTA, GA.

This union has recently come into possession of interesting relics in the shape of a certificate of membership issued by Atlanta Typographical Union No. 48 to G. A. Ramspeck in 1863; also a circular letter addressed to the general assembly of Georgia of that year, and signed by the forty members of the union, protesting against the passage of an anti-boycott bill, which must have been similar in nature to the one defeated in the legislature last year. Mr. Ramspeck, who died recently, requested that these mementoes of the longago be presented to the union. The relics have been suitably framed and hung in the office of the union. So it would seem as long ago as 1863 the union haters in Georgia were endeavoring to have enacted an anti-boycott measure-and they haven't succeeded yet.

They're at the post! The field is not so large as was anticipated, only four entries being chalked up in this greatest of all events-the delegatorial handicap. However, the interest will be just as keen and the betting just as furious. The Journal stable will be represented by two likely candidates, Edward L. (Sutton), 1898 X-Syracuse, and Joe J. (Hobby), maiden. The Constitution colors will be worn by Richard T. (Holderby), maiden, while the old campaigner, Daniel Webster (Green), 1902 X-Cincinnati, 1890 X-Atlanta, will be put forward by the News. So take your choice, and write your own ticket. Sunday, May 7, is nomination day, and then-they're off!

Dave Pollock, formerly of Washington, but more recently an inmate of the Union Printers'

Home, where he took a prominent part in the All-Star minstrel show, given at that institution on January 25, has located in Atlanta, and is doing tab, work at the Franklin.

The labor unionists at the city hall are thinking of forming a chapel. Three printers, one tailor, one stone cutter, one machinist and one bartender are on the payroll of the city. As usual, the printers lead.

The exchange of matrices between the newspapers of this city has long been a vexatious problem. Appeals to the different managements were in vain. A committee was appointed to wait on the local advertisers. The committee was aug. mented by one from the central body and the president of the state federation. Result: No more exchange of "mats."

W. S. WARDLAW.

SOCIALISM AGAIN.

It is almost impossible for a socialist to reply to a criticism without trying to impute dishonesty, and it is equally impossible for a critic of socialism to be quoted correctly. In Mr. Montgomery's blind zeal for his hobbyhorse, he dreams that socialism would perform wonders. He asks what I think of burning cotton in Georgia. Why, what every sensible man thinks-a fool move. Only a few bales were burned. It was mostly yellow newspaper talk. Mr. Montgomery complains about high freight rates. Does he know of any socialistic railways that transport freight as cheaply as the American railroads? Let him come up with a few statistics if he does. I simply say that no socialistic railways anywhere on this earth give the people such cheap freight rates as we enjoy. His silly assertion about one-half the labor being wasted hardly needs comment. By all means read the socialistic works from Marx to Debs. Read Debs and how he and other socialists are trying to ruin the American Federation of Labor and our own union by organizing the new "Industrial Socialistic Union" in Chicago next June. By all means read Hagerty, and also what the socialist party say of him, issued by San Francisco local. Read Paul Lafargue's greatest work, "The Right to be Lazy," and if you are lazy and want to get a part of somebody else's wealth vote the red flag ticket. (By the way, will Mr. Montgomery tell us where and of what was Mr. Ladoff professor?) Thomas J. Hagerty says, speaking of railroads: "Socialism means to take them into a collective ownership absolutely without compensation of any kind from the present usurpers thereof, just as the federal army freed the chattel slaves of the south without paying a cent to their masters." What would the 1,100,000 stockholders be doing, I wonder, while Hagerty, Debs, Montgomery and the other red flag fighters were taking the railroads? Mr. Montgomery quotes from the New York World as to taxes, but as the scientific socialists tell us that the workers pay no taxes, why does he bother about this?

Whenever socialistic colonies have been tried, they have as often proved a complete failure. The socialistic railways of Australia and of Europe charge from three to six times as high rates for

the transportation of freight as the private-owned railways of America. And as for passengers, measured by what the workers receive, they are as cheap here as anywhere, and moreover, our private-owned railways give a far better service to the people than any socialistic railway on earth. I do not say that we have as cheap freight and passenger service as we ought to have, but there is no doubt but what it is cheaper than it would be if Uncle Sam run it. Our national machine is big enough already. Let us not destroy liberty and progress by the morass of socialism.

At the regular meeting of Schenectady Typographical Union No. 167 on Saturday, April 1, the regular nominations of officers for the ensuing term were made. Delegates nominated to the convention at Toronto were O. E. Alberts and E. J. H. Caldwell.

The April meeting was the best gathering of printers we had in a long while. Every seat in the large meeting room was occupied, there being few absentees.

There is some hustling manifested just now by the two gentlemen nominated for delegate to the Toronto convention. Alberts and Caldwell are well liked, and each has a host of friends, which is evidenced by the large number of Caldwell or Alberts "cards" carried in the pockets of the eighty or more printers in Schenectady. The election no doubt will be a "hot" but nevertheless friendly contest.

One initiation and the reception of three cards was part of the business transaction of our last meeting.

A new printing plant is being erected in Scotia by Joseph A. Walsh, an expert pressman, formerly of the General Electric print shop, and No. 167 has extended its jurisdiction to Scotia, upon request of Mr. Walsh.

John J. Quigley, formerly of Schenectady, now of the Brandow state printing office, in Albany, was a visitor at our last meeting. Brother Quigley represented this union at the jubilee convention at Cincinnati in 1902. L. J. HUMPF.

delegate. Mr. Lanny is out for the vice-presidency. The other offices seem to go a-begging. George Hoole, for twenty-one years secretary of No. 177, announces he will not accept the office again, unless a raise in salary accompanies it.

Louis Baruldson, a member of No. 177, passed away Saturday, April 1, after a short illness, of Bright's disease. "Colonel," as he was generally known, was a very popular young man, and leaves a host of friends to mourn his loss.

An amendment to the anti-convict labor law was presented in the general assembly, and No. 177 was asked to endorse it. Not thoroughly understanding its effects, endorsement was given. Later the other side was explained, and in a special meeting, after listening to addresses by Edwin R. Wright, president of No. 16, Barney Cohen and James F. Morris, president and secretary, respectively, of the state federation of labor, it rescinded its former action. A glance at page 397 of the April JOURNAL will explain it.

As January 1, 1906, draws near, the eight-hour day is being discussed rather freely. What the final outcome will be can not be foretold, but we believe that business methods applied to business men will result in a satisfactory solution of the question.

The label's the thing!

Agitate, agitate the eight-hour day, thus en.forcing it in an easy way. FRANK C. REED.

WHAT OPEN SHOPISM MEANS.

The Citizen desires to reassert these self-evident facts, and challenges contradiction from any source: Despite the fact that it has been clearly proven that the living rates are higher at present than ever before, the employers have forced wages down in some of the leading industries, and are now making an effort to enforce the open shop deal in order that it may disrupt organized labor and beat wages still lower. Stripped of all hypocritical phrases, the open shop means a closed shop to members of organized labor; it means discrimination in favor of such workers who lack the moral stamina to resist oppression; it means the dragging of more children into the shops and fac tories to take the place of fathers and brothers at lower wages and longer hours; it means an increase of crime, poverty, drunkenness and insanity. It means degeneration, chaos and the ultimate destruction of our civilization. This is a grave prob lem, one in which all humanity is affected.-Cleveland Citizen.

THE usual answer to the American workingman's demands for higher wages and a shorter workday is that he is unreasonable, inasmuch as he is better off in these respects than the workingmen of any other country. To be effective this reasoning must premise that two wrongs make a right, or nearly so. As we do not grant this, let us keep right on with our demands until every man who works for a living shall reap the full product of his labor. We are here to set the pace in this matter for the rest of the world, not to be held back by the rest of the world.-Ex.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Competition was never so keen as at present among the newspapers in this city in their efforts to gather in what is being lost by the Inquirer. All kinds of prizes are being offered for subscribers. According to a statement filed by the Inquirer for the 1905 edition of Rowell's American Newspaper Directory, Printers' Ink says that the daily average circulation of the Inquirer during 1904 was 166,882 copies net, sold; the Sunday average cir culation 143,102 copies net, sold. For 1902: daily, 177,741; Sunday, 157,205. No figures are obtainable for 1903 except for the first three months, but taking the figures of 1902 for comparison, the Inquirer shows a gain for 1903. The figures given in Printers' Ink on their face would show a loss of 11,000 daily from 1902.

The strike on this unfair newspaper did not occur until June, 1904. Up to that time the paper was on the high tide of prosperity, and allowing that its circulation for the first six months of the year was only equal to the average for the previous year, and as the entire loss was in the last half of the year, this would make the total loss 44,000 daily.

But the worst blow of all is the taking away from the Inquirer what has for years been the pride of its heart-the small ads-which are being gobbled up by the other newspapers in an amazing manner, particularly the Public Ledger, from which the Inquirer stole this business some years ago. The Ledger printed a statement saying that for the first days of April they had made a gain of 4,501 in want ads. The greater portion of this increase came from the Inquirer, as the union is directing its attention, at present, to the annihilation of the small want ad business of the Inquirer, and one can readily see that if such progress continues it will not be long before the cry of "Hold, enough!" shall be heard. The other newspapers not mentioned also report gains, although not in such numbers as the Ledger, and the Inquirer is the sufferer. This is consoling to the organization committee, and, therefore, will be to the membership, to stand by and look on while its competitors distribute among themselves the advertising patronage and the circulation of the unfair Inquirer.

At the April meeting of No. 2 nominations for officers for the coming year were made. It was one of the quietest and most peaceful and har monious nomination nights witnessed in years. This augurs well for the future, as the only way for trade unionists to accomplish anything for their mutual benefit is to stand together. Of course, there is opposition to the members of the present cabinet, who are candidates for re-election, and this rivalry lends zest to the campaign. The outcome can hardly be predicted at this early day, but, as was said at the renomination of President A. D. Calvert for another term, it would not be wise or judicious to change leadership under fire, nor to swap horses crossing a stream. B. Frank Bodine is the opponent of the president. There is no competition for vice-president, that honor going to George Middleton without debate. For secre

tary-treasurer there are three candidates-Charles Clayton, the present secretary; Clarence Bird and Henry Savage. There are six candidates for trustees and five for finance committee, and only three to be elected for each, showing healthy competi tion. There are even three candidates for doorkeeper. And last, but by no means least, there are the candidates for delegate to fight the battle for No. 2 at Toronto, and which will, no doubt, be one of the hardest contests ever waged on the floor of the convention, and the membership, before making its choice, should take the advice at the railroad crossing: "Stop! Look! Listen!" There are ten aspirants for this gigantic task, and four are to be selected-two from the book and job and two from the newspaper field. Following are the delegate candidates: Ernst Kreft and Walter Faries, who represented No. 2 at the Washington convention. The only other ex-delegate is Shelby Smith, who represented Columbia Union No. 101 (Washington) at the Colorado Springs convention in 1896. The others are F. A. Earnest, Frank Smith, W. H. White, William Woller, E. M. O'Brien, W. M. Roediger and John Meade.

The report of the committee appointed to hear the charges against Shelby Smith, for articles published in the Trade Union News, presented its report at the April meeting. It was rather a long document, consuming thirty-three minutes in its reading, and the report declared the charges not sustained, and it was unanimously endorsed by the union.

Two offices were granted the label during the month-John R. McFetridge's Sons, one of the oldest and largest printing establishments in this city, and the Evans Printing Company, a smaller but growing office. Vive the label!

Very praiseworthy is the spirit of liberality shown by the members of No. 2 in the uncomplaining continuation of the 2 per cent assessment, which has been running since August, 1903. It has been demonstrated time and again that nothing in the way of betterment of conditions can be accomplished without an expenditure of money, and sometimes even this fails, as happened with the garment cutters a few years ago.

Three important amendments to the constitution of No. 2 were adopted at an election held on March 29. The first was that the names of members over six months in arrears shall be dropped from the roll book and placed in a separate book to be kept by the secretary-treasurer. Heretofore the time limit was one year. The second was that any member dropped from the roll of the union may be reinstated by paying the sum of $25, unless he has been working at the printing business during the interim, in which case he shall pay, in addition, all dues and assessments accruing up to the time of his application for reinstatement, or such fines as the union may inflict; and the third was that the initiation fee be raised from $2 to $5. These amendments were necessary, in view of the fact that it is the desire of the membership to keep No. 2 in the ranks of first-class trade unions, and also to present a solid front against any attack which may be made against it, as it was thought it was a temptation to members to become