Q. How long after the discovery of America before any permanent English settlement was made?

A. One hundred and fifteen years.

Q. In what years were the first English settlements attempted?

A. In the years 1583, 1584, 1585, and 1587.

Q. Who at this time reigned in England?
A. Elizabeth.

Q. Who were the leading adventurers in forming settlements in America at this time?

A. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, and Sir Walter Raleigh. Q. Did they succeed in founding any permanent settlements?

A. No.

Q. What part of the country did Sir Humphrey Gilbert visit in 1583 ?

A. The island of Newfoundland, where he landed, and took possession in the name of his sovereign.

Q. What happened to him on his return to England? A. He was shipwrecked, and perished.

Q. Did this disaster discourage Sir Walter Raleigh? A. No: the following year, 1584, Raleigh fitted out two small vessels, under the command of Amidas and Barlow.

Q. Where did this party land?

A. They first landed on an island at the entrance of Pamlico sound; then proceeded to the isle of Roanoke; and having spent several weeks trafficking with the natives, returned to England.

Q. Did Raleigh make any further attempts to establish a colony?

A. Yes: the next year, 1585, he fitted out seven small vessels, with one hundred and eight men.

Q. Where did this colony land?

A. On the island of Roanoke, where they were soon reduced to great distress; and they all returned to Eng

land with Sir Francis Drake, on his return from the West Indies.

Q. Where is the island of Roanoke? Pamlico sound?-(See map of the United States.)

Q. Did this end the exertions of Raleigh to plant a colony in America?

A. No: in the year 1587 he sent a company of emi grants with their wives and families.

Q. What became of the emigrants?

A. Having laid the foundation of their "city," John White, the governor, returned to England for supplies; but the emigrants were never after heard of.

Q. Did this end the exertions of Raleigh to plant a colony in America?

A. It did.

Q. What was the result of these successive misfor tunes?

A. It withdrew, for several years, the attention of the English from these distant regions.

Q. When and by whom was Cape Cod discovered? A. In 1602, by Bartholomew Gosnold, who gave it the name on account of the great quantity of cod-fish which he took near it.

Q. Where is Cape Cod? Which way from Boston?

Q. What effect had the report of Gosnold in England? A. It revived the spirit of adventure.

Q. What discoveries were made in 1603 and 1605? A. Penobscot and Massachusetts bays, and the rivers between them, by Martin Pring.

Q. Where is Penobscot bay? Massachusetts? What rivers are between them?

Q. What association was formed through the influence of Richard Hakluyt?

A. An association of gentlemen, in different parts f England, for the purpose of sending colonies to America.

Q. How was the country lying between the 34th and 45th degrees of north latitude divided?

A. Into North and South Virginia.

Q. To what two companies was this granted, by King James, in 1606?

A. The London and Plymouth Companies.

Q. Why was the country called Virginia?

A. It was called Virginia by Queen Elizabeth, as a memorial that it had been discovered during the reign of a virgin queen.

Q. Was any permanent settlement made by the Plymouth Company?

A. No. They sent out a hundred planters, under Captain George Popham, their president, who settled at the mouth of the Kennebec river; but a series of disasters discouraging them, they soon returned to England. Q. Where is the Kennebec river?

Q. Through whose discoveries did the French lay claim to extensive territory in North America? A. The discoveries of James Cartier.

Q. To whom was the sovereignty of the country lying between the 40th and 46th degrees of north latitude granted?

A. To De Monts, by Henry IV., king of France.

Q. When was the first permanent French settlement made in America?

A. In 1605, at Port Royal.*

Q. What part of North America did the French call Acadia?

A. All the country embracing New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the adjacent islands.

* Port Royal, now called Annapolis, is situated in the western part of Nova Scotia, near the Bay of Fundy.

SETTLEMENT AT JAMESTOWN.

Q. WHEN and where was the first permanent English settlement?

A. In 1607, at Jamestown, under the direction of the London Company.

Q. How is Jamestown situated?

Q. Where had the French and Spaniards made settlements?

A. The French had made settlements in Nova Scotia and Canada; the Spaniards, in Mexico and Florida. Q. When and by whom was Quebec founded? A. In 1608, by the French.

Q. In whose possession is Quebec now? How situated? Q. What was the character of the first settlers in Virginia?

A. They were dissipated and profligate, and destitute of that industry and economy which their situation required.

Q. In what were they involved?
A. In war with the natives.

Q. What occasioned their sufferings?

A. Famine and disease.

Q. How many died in the first six months?
A. Half of their number.

Q. In what manner was the colony governed?

A. It was governed by a council of seven persons, with a President chosen from among their number; the form of government having been prepared by King James.

Q. Whom did they choose for their first President? A. Edward Wingfield, an avaricious man, was chosen the first President, under the first charter of Virginia. Q. Who succeeded Wingfield?

A. Wingfield, having been deposed, was succeeded by Ratcliffe; but the latter being ignorant and indolent, the management of affairs fell into the hands of Captain John Smith.

Q. By whom was Smith taken prisoner, while engaged in an exploring expedition?

A. By the Indians.

Q. To whom did they carry him?

A. To Powhattan, the principal chieftain of Virginia. Q. How was Smith treated by him?

A. He sentenced him to die.

Q. Was the sentence executed?

A. No: at the moment of executing the sentence, Pocahontas, the favorite daughter of Powhattan, rushed between the prisoner and the uplifted club, and, by her tears and entreaties, prevailed on her father to recall the

sentence.

Note. This amiable child performed many other services for the English. When Powhattan and his chiefs had secretly formed a plan to cut off the English by a general massacre, one cold, rainy night, when the Indians were confined to their tents, by storm, Pocahontas ventured alone through the wood, and gave timely notice to Captain Smith. By this seasonable information, the English were prepared, and the colony saved.

Q. Did Smith continue to reside in the colony?
A. No.