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M unites the lips gently, and sends the subvocal through the nose.

P compresses the lips, and separates them with an explosion of breath.

B produces a inurnur of voice before the lips separate, and expels the breath.

F places the under lip against the upper teeth, and expels the breath.

V in the same way produces a gentle uudertone, and effuses the breath.

Wh rounds the lips to a very small orifice, and expels the breath.

W has the same position of the lips, but produces an undertone, and effuses the breath.

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Ch presses the tongue firmly on the upper gum, then suddenly separates with a jet of breath between the teeth.

J in the same way produces a slight undertone. G soft is the same sound as j.

S closes the teeth, and sends the breath rapidly between them. C soft is the same sound. Z in the same way propels the voice between the teeth. S flat is the same sound. Sh raises the middle of the tongue to the roof of the mouth, and emits the breath between the teeth nearly closed.

Zh with the organs in the same position produces a strong subvocal.

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K presses the middle of the tongue against the back part of the palate, and then darts it forward with an explosion of breath.

G (hard) does the same, but produces a murmur of voice previous to the explosion. Chard and q are the same as k. Q is always followed by u; and, excepting when it is silent, which is only in a few instances, it is a substitute for w; qu equaling kw. X is purely a substitute, representing in such words as six the sounds of ks; and in such as exert those of gz.

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N (palatal) presses up the tongue against the back part of the palate, and emits the subvocal through the nose. Most writers represent this sound by ng, but it appears to me the g is silent; for in words ending in nk, as in ink, we hear the same sound with the addition of that of k.

Y places the tongue in the position to utter long e, then suddenly compresses the organs, and expels a portion of voice.

LINGUALS.

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t

test

t

trot

t

mule

t

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rot

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rend

r

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stir

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thin th

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th

T presses the tongue firmly against the upper gums, and separates suddenly with an explosion of breath.

D produces a murmur of voice before the tongue separates.

L places the tongue on the upper gums, and lets the voice pass smoothly out at each side. N (lingual) places the end of the tongue against the ridge of the upper gum and emits the voice through the nose.

R, initial or rough, darts the tongue, with a single trill, against the upper gums.

R, final or smooth, curls the tongue back to the centre of the roof of the mouth, without touching it, and a smooth hollow tone escapes with a gentle vibration.

Th, aspirate, places the tip of the tongue between the teeth, and forces the breath between them.

Th, subvocal, with the tongue in the same position, produces as much voice as possible.

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The consonants following the words should be uttered with sharp, percussive force.

INITIAL.

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miffed ft

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kissed

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pt

roofed ft
raced st
hopped pt hipped
racked kt pecked kt
itched cht ditched cht fetched cht latched cht

puffed ft

luffed ft

based st

tossed st

lopped pt

lipped pt

pocked kt

kicked kt

THREE LETTERS.

hanged ngd fanged ng winged ngd longed ngd bunged ngd ringed ngd delved lvd shelved lvd helred lvd valred lvd solved Ivd delved lvd orbed rld barbed rbd sorbed rbd garbed rbd herbed rba curbed rbd burned rnd corned rnd darned rnd earned rnd girned rnd turned rnd carved rvd swerved rvd starred rvd nerved rvd served rvd carved rvd bathed thd clothed thd lathed thd soothed thd swathed thd seethed thd barmed rmd farmed rmd formed rmd germed rind termed rind warmed rmd hinged ngd changed ngd lunged nj fringed ngd ranged ngd singed ngd urged rgd merged rgd gorged rgd forged rgd purged rgd merged rgd

D AS T.

scalped 1pt whelped 1pt
warped rpt carped rpt
lisped spt rasped spt
casked skt masked skt

yelped 1pt helped 1pt warped rpt harped rpt

crisped spt

frisked skt

hasped spt

risked skt

helped lpt gulped 1pt harped rpt card rpt hasped spt clasped spt asked skt basked skt romped mpt camped mpt limped mpt lumped mpt bumped mpt jumped mpt marked rkt lurked rkt jerked rkt worked rkt corked rkt cashed sht lashed sht gushed sht rushed sht pushed shit arched rcht birched reht perched rcht parched rcht marched reht

bobb'st bst fibb'st bst dirst dst gadd'st dst fst miff"st fst

diff" st

ST WITH CONSONANTS.

forked rkt

hushed sht searched reht

jobb'st bst nibb'st bst nabb'st bst robb'st bst bidu'st dst midst dst ledd'st dst

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fst Bif'st fst stuff'st gst lugg'st gst 1st roll'st 1st fall'st 1st nst sinn'st nst fann'st nst penn'st nst dipp'st pst hopp'st pst sipp'st pst sapp'st pst vst lor'st vst liv'st vst vst prov'st crav'st fitt' st tst gell'st tst hill'st tst joll'st

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cackle

L WITH CONSONANTS. bumble bl fumble bl stable bl mumble bl nimble bridle dl kindle dl handle dl candle dl saddle dl fl fl ruffle muffle trifle fl baffle truffe fl beagle gl haggle gl higgle gl mangle gl mingle gl buckle kl kl cockle kl fickle kl kl sickle dapple pl dimple pl sample pl simple pl

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