CHAPTER III.

COMPOUND SENTENCES.

SECTION I.

COMPOUND SENTENCES-UNABRIDGED.

LESSON XCIII.

Classes of Compound Sentences.

455. A compound sentence is one which consist of two or more independent, though related, sen

tences.

REM. The sentences, thus united, may themselves be either simple, complex, or compound.

456. Compound sentences may be divided into three classes, viz. :

1) Copulative sentences; in which two or more thoughts are presented in harmony with each other, e. g.:

2) Disjunctive sentences; in which a choice between two or more thoughts is offered,

e. g.:

Η λέγε τι σιγῆς κρεῖττον | Either say something better than silence, or keep

ἢ σιγὴν ἔχει

silence.

3) Adversative sentences; in which the thoughts stand opposed to each other, e. g. :

Λέγεις μὲν εὖ, πράττεις δ' | Του speak well, but you οὐδέν. do nothing.

457. Copulative clauses may be connected by kaí, τέ, οι οὔτε.

REM.-Kaí is the most common, and may be used as the affirmative connective in all cases, unless the preceding member is more important than that which follows: Té, which is an enclitic and seldom used in prose, indicates a more intimate relationship, and may be used when the second member represents something as belonging to the first, or derived from it, &c. OŰTE (oỦ and Té) has the force of and not.

458. Frequently a connective appears in both clauses; thus we find the following correlatives: Kai —καί; τέτέ; τέ—καί; οὔτε—οὔτε, e. g. :

Ὀρθῶς τε λέγετε, καὶ ἐγὼ | You speak well, and I will τῷ νόμῳ πείσομαι. obey the law.

459. Disjunctive sentences usually employ the connective or the correlatives -.

460. The most common adversative particle is dé, generally with the correlative μév; the strongest is ἀλλά.

461. The article is often used with the correlatives uév and Sé, as follows:

462. VOCABULARY.

Αλλά, but.

Μισθοδότης, ου, o, paymaster.

Δέ, but, and, correlative of Οπισθοφυλακέω, ήσω, to guard

μέν.

or command the rear.

Εμπεδόω, ώσω, to observe, keep |Όρκος, ου, o, oath.

καὶ ποιήσω ταῦτα. 4. Εὖ τε λέγετε καὶ ποιήσω ταῦτα. 5. Ὁ μὲν φιλεῖ, ὁ δὲ φιλεῖται. 6. Ηγεῖτο μὲν Χειρίσοφος, ὠπισθοφυλάκει δὲ Ξενοφῶν. 7. Ἡμεῖς μὲν ἐμπεδοῦμεν τοὺς τῶν θεῶν ὅρκους, οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι τὰς σπονδὰς λελύκασιν. 8. Οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἔτι Κύρου στρατιώ ται, οὔτε ἐκεῖνος ἡμῖν ἔτι μισθοδότης.

II.

1. The boy is playing. 2. The girl is writing a letter to her mother. 3. The boy is playing, and the girl is writing a letter to her mother. 4. The boy is playing, but the girl is writing a letter to her mother.

SECTION II.

COMPOUND SENTENCES-ABRIDGED.

LESSON XCIV.

Compound Elements.-Subjects, United.-Predicates,

United.

464. The several members of a compound sentence frequently differ from each other only in their subjects, and then these subjects are generally united, and the other elements appear but once, though in such a form as to agree with the compound subject, e. g.:

Κριτίας Σωκράτει ωμίλει. | Critias associated with Socrates.

̓Αλκιβιάδης Σωκράτει ωμί- Alcibiades associated with Socrates.

λει.

Πλάτων Σωκράτει ωμίλει. Plato associated with Soc

rates.

Κριτίας καὶ ̓Αλκιβιάδης | Critias and Alcibiades as

Σωκράτει ὡμιλείτην. Κριτίας καὶ ̓Αλκιβιάδης καὶ Πλάτων Σωκράτει ὡμίλουν.

sociated with Socrates. Critias, Alcibiades, and

Plato associated with
Socrates.

REM.-Here, it will be observed, the predicates of the three simple sentences are all in the singular, but when the first two sentences are united the predicate is changed to the dual, and when all three are united, to the plural.

465. RULE.-Agreement, Number.

The predicate generally agrees in number with its compound subject, as in the above examples, though the plural is often used for the dual when two singular subjects are united.

[H. 511: C. 544: S. 157, 3.]

466. RULE.-Agreement, Person.

The verb must agree in person with the compound subject, unless the various members are of different persons, in which case it takes the first person in preference to the second, and the second in preference to the third, e. g.:

Ὑμεῖς καὶ ἐγὼ τάδε λέγομεν. | You and I say this.

[H. 511: C. 544: S. 157, 3.]

467. When the subjects are of different genders, any predicate-adjective in the plural generally takes the gender of one of the subjects, preferring the masculine to the feminine and the feminine to the neuter ; unless the subjects denote things without life, in which case it is usually neuter, with the copula in the singular, e. g.:

Καὶ ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀγα | Both the woman and the

θοί εἰσιν. Πόλεμος καὶ στάσις ολέθρῖα ταῖς πόλεσίν ἐστιν.

man are good. War and sedition are de

structive (things) to cities.

REM.-Sometimes the predicate, whether verb or adjective, agrees with one of the subjects, and is understood with the rest, e. g.: Σú te "Eλλŋv ei kaì ημeîs, Both you and we are Greeks.

468. The several members of a compound sentence frequently differ only in their predicates, and then these predicates are united, while the other elements appear but once, e. g. :