26. The vowels e, o, u, and w, have nearly the same sounds as in the English Method: the other vowels. are pronounced as follows:

a like a in father; e. g. Taτýρ.

η

a in made; e. g. πATŃρ.

e in me ; e. g. ἵστημι.

2. Sounds of the Diphthongs.

27. The diphthongs have nearly the same sounds as in the English Method, with the following exceptions:

av like ou in house; e. g. vaûs.

ου

บเ

oo in noon; e. g. voûv.

we in pronoun we; e. g. μvîa.

3. Sounds of the Consonants.

28. The pronunciation of the consonants is nearly the same as in the English Method.

III. THE MODERN GREEK METHOD.*

1. Sounds of the Vowels.

like a in father; e. g. πaτŃρ.

29. a €

there; e. g. pépe.

*For the Modern Greek Pronunciation the author is indebted to the kindness of Rev. R. F. Buel, late missionary to Greece and long resident in Athens.

me ; e. g. μειοῖ,μυῖα.

noon; e. g. voûv.

a, n, precisely like the single vowels a, n, w. The diphthongs av, ev, nu, before a vowel, diphthong, liquid, or ß, y, 8, 5, have the sounds of av, ev, eu in average, every, even : e. g. αὐλός, εἶδον, ηὗδον. In other situations they have the sounds of af, ef, eef in after, effort, reef: e. g. av§w, nʊknoa.

3. Sounds of the Consonants.

31. B has the sound of the English : e. g. βάσις.

พ has no exact representative in English; it has a sound intermediate between that of g hard and y, and is approximately expressed by g in again: e. g. yóvos, yépas. Before κ, y, x, and §, it has the sound of ng sing: e. g. ayyeλos, pronounced anggelos.

S has the sound of th in them.

9 has the sound of th in think.

in

v has generally the sound of n in English; in the article, however, it has before x the sound of ng: as τὴν κεφαλήν ; and before π that of m, as τὴν πόλιν.

μ

K

π has generally the sound of p, but after v of the article and a it has that ofb: e. g. ἄμπελος, τὴν πόλιν. has generally the sound of t, but after v in the middle of a word and after v of the article it is pronounced like d: e. g. πάντα, τὴν τιμήν.

x has no equivalent in English, but is like the German ch. It may be approximately described as intermediate between the sounds of h and k in he and key; e. g. xeíp.

The other consonants are pronounced nearly as in the English Method.

32. In pronunciation quantity is disregarded, the rough breathing is not heard, and the written mark determines the spoken accent.

VIII.-MARKS OF PUNCTUATION.

33. Comma

Colon

Period

Interrogation-mark

;

PART I.

LESSONS AND EXERCISES.

BOOK I.

ETYMOLOGY.

LESSON I.

Parts of Speech.-Sentence.- Verbs.

34. In Greek, as in English, words are divided, according to their use, into eight classes, called Parts of Speech, viz.: Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.

REM.—The Article is properly a Demonstrative.

35. These parts of speech, either singly or combined, form sentences, e. g.:

Αληθεύω.

I speak the truth

Ο κριτὴς ἀληθεύει. The judge speaks the truth.

36. Sentences in their various forms and combinations, of course, constitute the language.

37. Every sentence, however simple, consists of two distinct parts, viz.: