Passive Voice.

Future Perfect the same as in the Middle Voice.

212. The Aorist Passive Participle is declined as an adjective of the First and Third Declensions, as in the following

213. RULE.-Manner, Means, &c.

1) The manner or means of an action, and the instrument employed, are expressed by the Dative, e. g.:

Τύχη πάντα πράττεις.

You do every thing by

chance.

2) The agent of an action after passive verbs is

expressed by a Genitive with vπó or some kindred preposition, e. g.:

Ἐπαιδεύθην ὑπὸ τῆς ἐμῆς | I was taught by my coun

18.

1. Βουλεύετε. 2. Βουλεύεσθε. 3. Βουλεύητε. 4. Βουλεύησθε. 5. Βούλευε. 6. Βουλεύου. 7. 'Epóνευον. 8. Εφονεύοντο. 9. Ἐφόνευεν. 10. Εφονεύ ΕΤΟ. 11. Επαίδευσαν. 12. Επαιδεύσαντο. 13. Επαιδεύθησαν. 14. Βουλεύσομεν. 15. Βουλευσόμεθα. 16. Βουλευθησόμεθα. 17. Βουλευθῇς. Παιδευθῇς. 19. Βουλευθείεν. 20. Παιδευθείεν. 21. Βουλεύθητι. 22. Παιδεύθητι. 23. Βουλευθήσεται. 24. Παιδευθήσεται. 25. Κῦρος ἐπαιδεύετο σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις παισίν. 26. Τοὺς ἀνοήτους παιδεύομεν. 27. Μίδας τὸν Σάτυρον ἐθήρευσεν. 28. ̓Ανὴρ ἄβουλος ἡδοναῖς θηρεύεται.

II.

1. I am advised. 2. I was educated. 3. I have

been advised. 4. I had been educated. 5. We were

advised. 6. We shall be educated.

dered. 8. You will be murdered.

7. He was mur

LESSON XLII.

Verbs.-Augment and Reduplication.-Formation of Tenses.

216. In the Paradigm of Bovxeuw it will be observed,

1) That the Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect prefix the first letter of the word with e (Be), and retain them throughout all the moods and the participles. This prefix is called Reduplication.

2) That the Historical tenses-Imperfect, Pluperfect, and Aorist-prefix e, which they retain only in the Indicative. This is called Augment.

217. Augment is of two kinds :

1) Syllabic, used in verbs beginning with consonants, so called because it prefixes e as a distinct syllable; as, βουλεύω, ἐβούλευον. 2) Temporal (from tempus, time) used in verbs beginning with vowels, so called because it merely lengthens the quantity or time (tempus) of the vowel, if short: a and e inton; o into w; into i; v into ū; as,

ἄγω, ἦγον ; ἱκετεύω, ἱκέτευον.

218. Verbs beginning with the dipththongs, at,

ol, av, lengthen the first vowel as above, subscribing the , as, oikтiw, Imp. Kтilov; those beginning with ev sometimes lengthen the first vowel and sometimes omit the Augment; those beginning with 7, 7, v, w, el, ov, admit no Augment.

219. The Reduplication is used only in verbs which begin with a single consonant or with a mute and a liquid. Other verbs take only the Augment instead, the temporal if they begin with vowels, otherwise the syllabic; as, ικετεύω, Perf. ἱκέτευκα; μνημονεύω, Perf. ἐμνημόνευκα (not μεμνημόνευκα). When the Augment thus takes the place of the Reduplication, it is retained like that in all the moods and in the participle.

220. In verbs compounded with a preposition,
1) The final vowel of the preposition, except
περί and πρό, is elided; as, ὑπακούω, com-
pounded of vπó and axoúw, to listen.

2) After such elision the smooth mutes π and ☛
of the preposition are changed to the cor-
responding rough mutes and 9, when
the simple verb has the rough breathing;
e. g. ȧpopμišw (to mark out), comp. of
ἀπό and ὁρμίζω, ο final dropped and π
changed to before 8.

3) The Augment and Reduplication are placed between the preposition and the verb, and the final vowel of the preposition, except πЄρí and πρó, is elided before the Augment; as, ἐπιβουλεύω (ἐπί and βουλεύω), to plot against, Imp. ἐπεβούλευον; ὑπα κούω (ὑπό and ἀκούω), Imperf. ὑπήκουον. 221. In most other compounds the Augment and