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235. SYNOPSIS.-Γράφω, I write.

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ACTIVE VOICE.

INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCT. OPTATIVE. IMPERATIVE, INFINITIVE.

γράφειν

PARTIC.

γράφων

γράψειν γράψων γράψαι γράψας γεγραφές γεγραφώς

ναι

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REM. In the above table in the Perfect Mid. and Pass. the inflection of the Indicative and Imperative is given in full, to show some peculiarities of formation; in the Pluperfect Mid. and Pass. the Third Pers. Plur. is added for the same reason. In the other parts the several persons will be readily formed according to the analogy of βουλεύω.

LESSON XLV.

Impure Verbs.-Mute Verbs.-Exercises.

236. Verbs beginning with a rough mute (4) use in reduplication the corresponding smooth mute, to avoid a repetition of the aspirate, e. g.:

Θύω, Perf. τέθυκα: not θέθυκα.

Θάπτω, Perf. Pass. τέθαμμαι: not θέθαμμαι.

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1. Ταῦτα γέγραφα. 2. Η κόρη τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἐγε

γράφει. 3. Τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα Εὔβουλος ἔγραψεν. 4. Τὸν νόμον τοῦτον ἡ πόλις γέγραφεν. 5. Τοὺς νεκροὺς ἔθαπτον. 6. Τὸν νεκρὸν ἔθαψαν. 7. Ὁ κριτὴς ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαιοτάτοις παιδεύεται. 8. Οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐπὶ Τροίαν ἐστράτευσαν. 9. Τὴν εἰρήνην ἐκεῖνος ἔλυσεν. 10. Ὁ στρατιώτης ἔκλεισε τὰς πύλας.

II.

1. The letter had been written. 2. My brother wrote the letter. 3. The boy buried the beautiful bird in the garden. 4. Euripides was buried in Macedonia.

LESSON XLVI.

Impure Verbs.-Mute Verbs, continued.

239. Verbs with a Kappa-mute characteristic-K, γ, χ, οι σσ, ττ, and sometimes

suffer the following

EUPHONIC CHANGES.

1) With σ the characteristic forms ξ; as, πλέκω, I weave; Fut. (πλέκσω) πλέξω.

2) Before μ it becomes y; as, πλέκω ; Perf. Pass. (πέπλεκμαι) πέπλεγμαι.

3) Before 9 and also in the Perf. and Plup. Act. it is changed to the corresponding aspirate χ; as, πλέκω ; Aor. Pass. (ἐπλέκθην ἐπλέχθην; Perf. Act. (πέπλεκ-ἁ) πέπλεχα.

4) Before the smooth mute τ, it becomes itself smooth; as, λέγω, I say, Perf. Pass. (λέ λεγται) λέλεκται.

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REM. 1.-In the above table, it will be observed, λé has in the Passive Voice both a First and a Second Aorist and a First and Second Future. This is unusual. Some verbs have the First Aorist and some the Second, but it is not common for the same verb to take both: so of the two Futures, comparatively few verbs have both.

REM. 2.-The Second Future Passive is formed from the Second Aorist Passive by changing nu into goua and dropping the Augment; as, έ-πλάκ-ην, πλακ-ήσομαι. This formation, the learner will observe, is entirely analogous to the formation of the First Future Passive from the First Aorist Passive by changing 3ŋv into Shooμal and dropping the Augment. See 224, VI.

LESSON XLVII.

Impure Verbs.-Mute Verbs, continued.

241. Verbs with a Tau-mute characteristic-T, S, 9, or -suffer the following

σ

EUPHONIC CHANGES.

1) Before and also before ka and New in Perf. and Pluperf. Act., the characteristic is

dropped; as, yeúdo, I deceive; Fut. (↓evδσω) ψεύσω; Perf. (ἔψευδκα) ἔψευκα.

2) Before μ, T, and 9 it is changed into σ; as, Yeúdo (I deceive); Perf. Pass. (ëyevdμai) ἔψευσμαι; Third Pers. (ἔψευδται) ἔψευσται; Aor. Ρass. (ἐψεύσθην) ἐψεύσθην.

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