devoted to the presentation of the material and intellectual development of the state, a most commendable feature. Numerous photographic reprints of valuable sources and other illustrations illumine the pages. The author shows a full appreciation of the value of sources, though no footnotes or formal bibliography is included.

The first fifty pages are much more carefully written than the remainder. The narrative part is rather heavy in detail, and the author succeeds no better than other writers of state histories in connecting the history of the state with that of the nation. A chapter on Romance," desirable enough, should have been better guarded with due authentication or the reader warned as to its value as his

tory.

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It is interesting to note that the writer of the book approves of President Buchanan's attitude toward secession, December, 1860, to March, 1861, but makes very slight mention of Gallatin. The first few chapters will dispel the over-emphasis we are inclined to place on the influence of the Quakers in Pennsylvania. The little work is almost entirely free from the slightest trace of partisanship. Students anywhere may with profit read most of the chapH. M. HENRY.

ters.

Emory and Henry College, Virginia.

WILLIAMS, JOHN SHARP. Thomas Jefferson: His Permanent Influence on American Institutions. New York: Columbia University Press, 1913. Pp. xiii, 330. $1.50. A sketch of the founder of the Democratic party by one of the leading Democrats of the day could not fail to be of interest, and when the author is a westerner, a foriner leader of his party in the House, and now a Senator-in other words, one who knows American life and American governmental institutions-the work makes a peculiar appeal.

In interpreting Jefferson's democracy and the democracy of America, Mr. Williams commences promisingly: "First, he was a Virginian and a planter. Secondly, he was a frontiersman, because .. during the formative period of Thomas Jefferson's life, his environment was a frontier environment." (Page 5.) Unfortunately, this note is not sustained, and discerning praise quickly degenerates into fulsome eulogy. So long as the book is read, and perhaps longer, one sentence is likely to be quoted from it. When Jefferson's much discussed religious views are under consideration, the author is able to say: "I have sometimes thought that he was more nearly a Christian in his belief than any man who has lived since Christ." (Page 257.) Eulogy can go no further unless it be to describe the attributes of deity. This is an extreme instance, and yet it is typical of the work as a whole.

It explains much to know that we have here simply in book form the lectures delivered at Columbia University on the Blumenthal Foundation in 1913, and that the author apologizes in his preface for the great haste and great pressure under which the lectures were written and deliv ered, namely, during and after the campaign of 1912.

The subject was an assigned one, and was specifically limited to Jefferson's permanent influence on American institutions. The subject reveals the interest which the present-day student of history and politics is taking in Jefferson through appreciation of the extent to which he contributed to our institutions. The treatment of the subject in this instance, however, is by a political orator, eulogistic to an extreme, and offering to the student practically nothing that is new except several stimulating suggestions. MAX FARRand.

Yale University.

SHEPHERD, WM. R. Latin America. (Home University Library Series.) New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1914. Pp. viii, 256. 50 cents.

Properly speaking, this is not a history of Latin America, though it contains much of interest and value to a student of the history of Latin America. Indeed, it lays no claim to being history, as is easily seen by a glance at the table of contents. The book is divided into Part I, the Colonies, and Part II, the Republics. The relative emphasis on the colonial and national periods is indicated by the fact that only fifty-nine pages are devoted to the former, and one hundred and eighty-five to the latter.

Part I begins with a very brief but suggestive general historical survey of the period of conquest and colonization under the heading, the expansion of Spain and Portugal. This is followed by a chapter on each of the following subjects: Government, social organization, economic conditions, the church, and intellectual and artistic status. While in the main Professor Shepherd discusses only well known facts, yet he continually injects illuminating comments, intended to correct general misconceptions concerning Spanish and Portuguese colonial policy, colonial institutions, and colonial history. He follows the recent tendency of fair-minded students of Spanish colonization in placing less emphasis on the evils and more on the good points in the system, and showing that most of the evils existed because of the inefficiency and venality of the lesser officials rather than because of bad laws or bad intentions on the part of the Spanish sovereigns or their viceroys and other high officials.

The really historical portion of Part II is chiefly comprised in the first two chapters entitled, independence, and national development, respectively. A chapter each is then devoted to a study of international relations, geography and resources, social characteristics, political and financial situation, industry, commerce, transportation, education, public charity and social service, science, journalism, literature, and fine arts. In this portion of his book, as well as in the portion dealing with Spain's relations to her colonies, Professor Shepherd's attitude is charitable, but not improperly flattering. He is not blind to faults or imperfections in the political, social, and economic institutions of these countries. And he admits that they have not always dealt wisely with the problems that have presented themselves for solution. But he says: "A study of these problems, moreover, leaves the conviction that most of what ought to be condemned has sprung from exceptional In his chapter on geography, especially, he presents many startling and convincing arguments to prove the greatness of the resources of these undeveloped countries, and the probable magnitude of their future influence on the economic, industrial and commercial, as well as political affairs of the world. A very helpful brief list of books in the appendix introduces the reader to some of the most useful literature in English on the subject.

causes."

The book contains few serious errors in its statement of facts. It is unfortunate that one of these few is in the first sentence of the first chapter. The literary style of the book is always easy and pleasing. In its mechanical appearance it has the faults and the merits of the series to which it belongs. As the successive volumes come from the press one never ceases to wonder how the publishers can furnish so much at so small a cost.

WELLS, H. G. Social Forces in England and America. New York: Harper Brothers, 1914. Pp. 415. $2.00.

This book, by the well-known English writer and critic, is not, as the title would seem to suggest, an orderly discussion of the various forces contributing to the presentday development of our society. It is rather a heterogeneous collection of articles on a number of subjects of social interest, but not very closely related to each other.

The first four chapters can be readily omitted by the general reader, since they neither introduce the real subject matter of the book nor serve to enlighten him as to the plan of the discussion. The same may be said of the last four chapters.

In the chapter on "The Labor Unrest," the reader begins to grasp fully the author's thought expressed in terse forceful language and continues interested, though he finds himself swept on from topic to topic, seeing between them little or no logical connection or coherence. In the main, the author lives up to his statement, My business in these pages has been not prescription, but diagnosis." There is an almost total lack of practical suggestion as to the feasibility of the social reforms which he deems desirable.

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But to mention some of these reforms: he would have a longer average period of educational training for the laborer, a shorter and more intensive working period, with a longer one than at present for subsequent leisure to be enlivened by an old-age pension. He has misgivings as to the progress of the increase of population in England and America, and would provide an "endowment for the home by a suitable pension for dependent mothers. He believes in the military preparedness of England, but fears that her military equipment is not modern in every particular, and under no circumstances does he approve of conscription. He finds the teachers of the kingdom commonplace machines, with scarcely an original idea. He believes the medical profession should be subsidized to facilitate research for the benefit of society. He combats the idea that the novel is for leisure merely, but thinks of it as a tremendous vehicle for the propagation of social and religious reform. He advocates marriage and divorce reform, with a liberal interpretation of the marriage contract. He desires a preferential voting system which scarcely members of Parliament would understand, to say nothing of being willing We are naturally interested in his long article on America, which is by far the most conservative in tone, and really the best. He finds in this western wild a lack of sufficient increase of population, which he thinks will soon not be adequately supplied by immigration. thinks of the United States as the home of a classless people, though he hastens to show that there is rapidly growing up a class based on wealth, and takes a rather hopeful view of the prospects of the leadership of this class. His estimate of our literature is somewhat discouraging, and he gives too large a place to the literary importance of Mr. Arthur Brisbane and the newspaper which he represents, or rather the reading public which finds that journal satisfactory reading. He underestimates the importance in our political life of the federal government. On the whole, the book is stimulating and wholesome. H. M. HENRY. Emory and Henry College, Virginia.

to use.

He

translation now appears in book form, with some unimportant changes, with the addition of an introduction and a valuable commentary in explanation of the text. The work is exceedingly well done throughout. The introduction contains a discussion of the life of Jordanes and the authorities which he used, a useful chronological table and a genealogical chart of the Amal kings. In his treatment of the ecclesiastical position of Jordanes and the difficult questions relating to the sources which form the ultimate basis of Jordanes's work, the author is clear and rational. The reviewer advises all teachers of ancient and medieval history to read the refreshing and naive Jordanes in Mr. Mierow's trustworthy translation. It is, by the way, the only English rendition that we have. All colleges which pretend to do adequate historical teaching would do well to have this source, which is very important for the period from the fourth to the sixth, in reach of their students. The book is, perhaps, too expensive for most high-school libraries, but Jordanes is not beyond the grasp of highschool pupils. The original edition of Mr. Mierow's translation of Jordanes, the Princeton dissertation, mentioned above, was advertised at 50 cents. Perhaps some copies of this are still available for high-school libraries which cannot afford the completed work. W. L. WESTERMANN. The University of Wisconsin.

ROGERS, J. D. Outlines of Modern History. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1913. Pp. 215. 90 cents. This is a sketch of European and colonial history from 1492 to the Balkan Wars of 1913. It is written in a pleasing manner, with careful schoolmasterly explanations (especially in the earlier pages) for the small boy who may have to read it. The text proper covers 195 pages, of which the last 48 are devoted to Europe since the Congress of Vienna. The history is almost exclusively political, and there are no maps, save very general ones on the inside covers. The book contains much detail, for which the beginner has no background. The "philosophy' of the book is eminently respectable and suited to the youth of democratic Britain. The mature student who reads it will find it suggestive now and then; the beginner can grind up many forgettable facts from it; but American youth are not accustomed to that questionable sort of exercise. And there you are. G. C. SELLERY. University of Wisconsin.

The book is not for the beginner. If one is to appreciate learned or any other sort of gossip, one should know something of the persons who are talked about, and Mr. Allen is much interested in persons. Chapter V is entitled "Erasmus's Life-Work," and one of its most entertaining bits is the letter John Amorbach, the printer, wrote to his rather spendthrift son at Paris. The letter might properly have been worked into Chapter IV, which is called "Universities." This chapter has a useful list of subjects used for disputation at Louvain, and a good brief of an argument on one of them. Chapter IX is entitled "Pilgrimages," and its pièce de resistance is an instructive account of the hardships endured by pilgrims to the Holy Land (which Erasmus never visited).

""

The student of Humanism will rub his eyes when he reads of a man who went east "just when the fall of Constantinople had turned the tide of Hellenism westward (p. 10) and "the scholastic philosophy and theology was (p. 253) will trouble one versed in medieval philosophy. The priority of Cardinal Ximenes's edition of the Greek Testament (p. 263) should be noted by those who still think latent Protestantism inspired biblical scholarship. The importance of printing in stimulating scholarship is placed in a new light (p. 260). The influence of the Revival of Learning in promoting German racial antagonism against the proud and scornful Italian Humanists, and thus helping to prepare the Germans for a religious revolt, is a suggestive conjecture (pp. 267 ff.).

The book sadly lacks organization, but St. Louis loved quodlibet, and why may not we? G. C. SELLERY. University of Wisconsin.

MACAULAY, T. B. The History of England, from the Accession of James II. With illustrations. Edited by C. H. Firth. Volume V. London: Macmillan & Co., 1914. Pp. xix, 540. $3.25.

This volume maintains the well-demonstrated excellence of this series. Nearly one-third of its pages are devoted to illustrations, of which seven are full-page plates in color. The first of these, the frontispiece, reproduces two plates of "William and Mary" pottery, whose grotesque portraits of the monarchs resemble but little their originals. Several more satisfactory likenesses of these great personages are presented later-that of Queen Mary reproducing in color Wissin's painting in the National Portrait Gallery and giving clear suggestion of her ambiability and the other engaging qualities of personality which secured her the love of the English people. Thomas Osborne, first Duke of Leeds, the prince of bribers and, judging from this full-length portrait, the prince of fops, stands forth resplendent in the many-colored garments that reflect the fashions of his day. Also in color are the fine portraits of the keen-eyed John Locke, the masterful-appearing John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough, and the astute Sir William Temple, diplomat and author, whom Macaulay tells us Jonathan Swift served as secretary for twenty pounds a year and board. The picture of the author of "Gulliver's Travels" is included among the many portraits in black and white, as are the likenesses of his great French contemporaries, Racine and Bossuet. Besides the many portraits there are many pictures of scenes, such as that in color of the Pass of Glencoe, where the massacre of the MacDonald clan was perpetrated; also that of Old Sarcum, from an engraving of 1723, when already “it was a deserted ruin which the traveler feared to enter at night." Battle plans, broadsides, medals and caricatures are other subjects of the illustrations. This volume carries Macaulay's narrative through the assassination plot of 1696. WAYLAND J. CHASE.

The " Contemporary Review" for March contains an

article on "Rumors and Historical Science in Time of War," by the historian, A. F. Pollard, which considers various baseless rumors originating during the early months of the present European war-including the report that Russian soldiers had been sent via Archangel and the British Isles to France-and shows how these rumors might have been studied with the object of determining their truth or falsehood.

SCHOOL PAGEANT.

The following description of the purpose and value of a school historical pageant is taken from the prefatory note to the Word Book of the Historical Pageant of the founding of New Harmony, Ind., which was presented at that town on June 13, 1914. The Book of Words was prepared by Miss Charity Dye, of Indianapolis.

The school children's historical pageant is a distinct division of pageantry in itself, demanding special considerations of time, preparation, choice of material, and adjustments to the age and development of those taking part. It should be borne in mind that children have no large background of experience, and hence the methods used with adults cannot be used with them. The evolution of the school pageant has been in response to the play spirit along educative lines, and marks a difference between the mere spectacular performance, which is gotten up in haste and dies as soon as it is born, and the one that makes permanent impression of what is valuable to the development of the pupil, and is presented in conformity to the known laws of education. Under the wise management of Mr. Mangrum, the superintendent of the schools, who began five months in advance, the New Harmony pageant soon proved its educational value. It has made community interest and co-operation a living reality; it has telescoped the history of the town and the region in the minds of the children, and taught them of people and events more vividly than could have been otherwise possible; it has united the entire school system of the place by giving every child some active part in preparing for the great historic event of celebrating the founding of the town. The very least ones have been cutting with the scissors the pageant scenes, outlined by the teacher, and making silhouettes; others have been drawing the outlines; some naming the birds of the district; others, the trees; and still others noting the procession of wild flowers, all to show the nature of the region. Older ones are making maps of the town and the topography of the land, or drawing posters, and the prominent buildings of historical note. The higher grades are using the scenes in original composition work of character study and the dramatization of events. Music has been a feature all the way along. Boys have been heard singing "Lo! I Uncover the Land" from the pageant, with happy loud voice. New Harmony is a rural community with only three hundred school children; what has been done there is possible to some degree in every community in the state. The pageant lends itself especially to rural regions wherever there is a school or several schools to unite in a festival for honoring those who have helped to make public education possible. The near approach of the centenary of the Statehood of Indiana in 1916 furnishes the psychological moment that makes it both a privilege and a duty to arouse in every school in the state, a new interest in its own environment or local history, thus leading to a wider interest and conception of historic growth. The work of the historical pageant in the schools of Indiana should begin next September so as to give ample time without interfering with the regular work that must otherwise be done. Richmond, Vincennes, Fort Wayne, LaFayette and many other Indiana cities are especially rich in pageant material, to say nothing of the wealth in this respect in the rural communities on every side.

Reports from the Historical Field

WALTER H. CUSHING, EDITOR.

NOTES.

Professor A. H. Lybyer will offer courses in European History at the University of Illinois during the summer school.

Lecture sets and lantern slides upon the European War are now issued in large numbers by Messrs. York & Sons, of London, England. Their series includes not only photographs, but also many reproductions of cartoons, a set of fifty war maps, and a number of war portraits.

Dr. J. Salwyn Schapiro, of the College of the City of New York, has an article in the April "Forum" on the "War of the European Cultures," being a study of the national ideals and cultural contributions of the English, French and German peoples.

Miss Elizabeth Hazelton Haight, Assistant Professor of Latin of Vassar College, has published, through D. C. Heath & Co., a small pamphlet called "Carthage and Hannibal," in which an attempt is made to publish an introduction to Livy's Third Decade. The author would exonerate Hannibal from the charges of cruelty, perfidy, impiety and avarice which are so frequently made against him.

In connection with the Panama-Pacific International Exposition many of the exhibits will show the history and development of processes and accompaniments of civilization. Thus, the progress of transportation will be depicted by models and locomotives of various types, the actual development of the human shoe will also be shown, and another exhibit will show the introduction and development of American education in the Philippine Islands.

New detailed syllabus and assignments for work in course 'History One" at the University of Illinois have been received from Professor A. H. Lybyer. These consist of a number of details from similar syllabi prepared in other institutions, the principal feature being a note concerning the work expected of the class for each topic, including sometimes the filling in of outline maps, the construction of chronological tablets and the reading of certain prescribed works.

The first number of "The Catholic Historical Review," dated April, 1915, has appeared. "The Review" is published by the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C., and is issued quarterly. The first number contains an introductory statement by James Cardinal Gibbons. The Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Shahan, Rector of the University, contributed an explanatory note explaining the spirit of the new "Review." He says, "There is unquestionably a deep and lively interest in history on the part of Catholics, but this interest has so far failed to produce any but desultory and sporadic effort. Much may be accomplished if the zeal and activities of those who are even now engaged in the study of history can be directed into one channel."

The contributed articles include one upon the "Flemish Franciscan Missionaries in North America; "" a sketch of the life of the Rev. John Ceslas Fenwick, a hard-working Friar Preacher of Maryland; The First Ecclesiastical Synod of California in 1852, and the relation of Columbus and the Santa Hermandad in 1492. There are miscellaneous notes, extracts from documents, reviews of new books, and other bibliographical material.

The University of California calls special attention to the course in history to be offered during the summer session, from June 21 to July 31, 1915. The series includes courses not only by members of the faculty of the University of California, but also by Professors George Lincoln Burr, Cornell University; Max Farrand, Yale University; Charles H. Haskins, Harvard University; J. Franklin Jameson, Director of the Department of Historical Research, Carnegie Institute of Washington, and Frederick J. Turner, Harvard University.

The courses, as announced, are as follows: American History:

Western American History. Professor Turner.

The Study of American History. Professor Jameson. American History, 1789 to 1815. Professor Farrand. European History:

The Rise of Nationality in Europe. Professor Stephens. The Normans in Europe. Professor Haskins. Europe in the Middle Ages. Professor Burr. Ancient Imperialism. Assistant Professor Scholz. English History. Assistant Professor Morris. American History. Assistant Professor McCormac. Western American History. Professor Bolton. American History. Professors Turner, Jameson and Farrand.

European History. Professors Stephens, Haskins and Burr.

The annual report of Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, Director of the Department of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has appeared. The report shows that the work in European archives has been somewhat interrupted by the war, but that in other respects the work of the department has progressed along the lines previously laid down. Two volumes were published by the department during the preceding year. These include "Guide to the Materials in London Archives for the History of the United States Since 1783," prepared by Dr. Charles 0. Paullin and Professor Frederic L. Paxson, together with other helpers. The period covered is that from 1783 to 1860, and in a few cases even to a later date.

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The other book is the second volume of Professor Charles M. Andrews's Guide to the Materials for American History to 1783 in the Public Record Office of Great Britain." This publication completes Prof. Andrews's work, which will become indispensable for all workers in American History in the Record Office. The work on the proposed Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States has been carried on, and advance has been made toward the preparation for the press of "Letters of Delegates to the Continental Congress and "Proceedings and debates of Parliament from 1585 to 1783 Relating to America."

The eighth annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley History Teachers' Association was held at New Orleans, April 22 to 24, 1915, upon invitation of the Louisiana Historical Society. There were seven meetings of the Association, at which many topics in connection with the History of the Mississippi Valley were discussed. The papers included a wide range of subjects. Among the more important were the following: W. E. Dunn, University of Texas, Spanish Reaction Against the French Advance Toward New Mexico; " H. S. Halbert, Alabama Depart ment of Archives and History, “Notes on Tishatala, a Chickasaw Town in Pontotoc County, Mississippi; " C. E. Carter, Miami University, "Beginnings of West Florida; Miss Elizabeth West, Carnegie Library, San Antonio, Texas, "The Indian Policy of Bernardo de Galvez; " W. H. Siebert, Ohio State University, "Loyalists in West Florida and the Natchez District; "Prof. H. H. Maurer, Sophia Newcomb College, "Foreign Influence in American History

and Politics; " J. W. Townsend, Lexington, Ky., "Horace Holley, Third President of Transylvania University; " Miss Stella Herron, New Orleans, La., "The African Apprentice Bill; ' H. L. Griffin, Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute, "Early Louisiana Justice; J. E. Winston, University of Mississippi, “Attitude of the Newspapers of the United States Toward the Texas Revolution; "" President I. J. Cox, Mississippi Valley Historical Association, Annual Address, "The Invasion of the Goths and Vandals; Miss Caroline F. Richardson, Sophie Newcomb College, A Note on the Organization of the Oldest Schools for Girls in the Mississippi Valley; " J. J. McLoughlin, New Orleans, La., "History of the Black Code; " J. A. James, Northwestern University, "New Orleans and the First Years of the American Revolution; C. W. Alvord, University of Illinois, "The West in the Treaty of Peace in 1763; "Archer B. Hulbert, Marietta College, "Yankee Shipbuilding on the Ohio Before the Embargo; "G. B. Merrick, Madison, Wis., "Joseph Reynolds and the Diamond Joe Line of Steamers, 1862-1911; "Dunbar Rowland, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Some Archive Problems of the Southern States; " W. O. Scroggs, Louisiana State University, "Rural Life in the Lower Mississippi Valley About 1803; " St. George L. Sioussat, Vanderbilt University, Memphis as a Gateway of the West, a Study in Transportation; " Prof. M. J. White, Tulane University, "Louisiana and the Secession Movement in the Early Fifties."

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At the meeting of the Teachers' Section the following papers were presented: W. Beer, Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans, La., "Collections of Historical Material in Louisiana; " J. L. Webster, President of Nebraska Historical Society, "Looking Backward to LaSalle; "" Milledge L. Bonham, Louisiana State University, "Recent History: To What Extent to the Exclusion of Other History?; "Alfred D. St. Amant, Louisiana State Normal School, Guarding Our Future History; E. C. Page, Northern Illinois State Normal School, "The Museum of History at Work; " Frederick V. Emerson, Louisiana State University, "Some Geographic Influence in Mississippi Valley History."

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OHIO ASSOCIATION.

The preliminary meeting of the Ohio History Teachers' Association was held in the new library of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Friday and Saturday, April 2 and 3, 1915.

Dr. Frank Pierrepont Graves, Dean of the College of Education of the University of Pennsylvania, opened the session on Friday afternoon with an illustrated lecture on "Rise of the American Common School." Professor C. L. Martzolff, Ohio University, Athens, spoke on the "Justification for the Study of Ohio History in Our Schools." Professor Homer C. Hockett, of the American History Department, Ohio State University, opened the discussion of this paper. Others took part.

Miss Alice M. Rower, Cleveland, told of the benefits the teachers would derive through the publication of a History Teachers' Bulletin. Professor Clarence Perkins, Department of European History, Ohio State University, led in the discussion of this topic. At 6 p. m. the members of the Association dined with the Ohio College Association at Ohio Union.

paper also elicited some discussion. The last was an address by the President of the Association, Professor W. H. Siebert, Department of European History, Ohio State University. Several items of business were then transacted by the Association. The first was an invitation from the Ohio Valley History Association to participate in a meeting to be held in Columbus in the autumn of 1915. On motion the invitation was accepted. On motion also the chairman was authorized to appoint a committee with power to act to consider the feasibility of preparing a volume of historical material relating to Ohio history. The chairman named Professor H. C. Hockett, Ohio State University; Professor C. L. Martzolff, Ohio University, Athens, and Professor J. E. Bradford, of Miami University. The chairman was authorized also to appoint a Board of Editors for the issuing of the "History Teachers' Bulletin."

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HISTORY AT THE PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION. In connection with the Exposition, a Panama-Pacific Historical Congress" will be held at San Francisco, Berkeley and Palo Alto, from July 19 to July 23, under the auspices of the American Asiatic Association, the Asiatic Institute and the American Historical Association. The first day of the Congress will be devoted to the consideration of the history and interests of the oldest civilization upon the coasts of the Pacific Ocean-that of China; the second day will be devoted to the consideration of the history of the Philippine Islands from the earliest period down to its recent development under the United States. On the third day, topics will be discussed bearing upon the Pacific Northwest and the development of the Spanishspeaking States along the Pacific Ocean. Papers upon westward expansion and the settlement of California will be read on the fourth day, and the conference of teachers of history will be held in the afternoon of this day. The following day the subjects considered will be those growing out of the relations of the Far East, Australasia and Japan with the Pacific Ocean. The last evening session will be devoted to the history of The Panama Canal and Its Significance in the History of the Pacific Ocean," by Rudolph S. Taussig, secretary of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.

PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION

To all teachers who attend the Panama-Pacific Exposi. tion in San Francisco, Ginn & Company are extending a cordial invitation to visit their exhibit in the Palace of Education. In this exhibit there are displays showing how text-books are made, striking facts about the textbook business, motion pictures, and an interesting collection of early American school books. There is also a restroom, which has been made attractive with chairs, tables, desks, a fireplace and other furnishings in the New England Colonial style.

Teachers will find this a comfortable place to use as their headquarters at the Exposition grounds. An attendant who is familiar with all the details of the Exposition will be found ready to render any possible services at Ginn & Company's booth and to offer suggestions about seeing the Exposition, which, by the way, covers an area over two miles in length. Each teacher who visits Ginn & Company's exhibit is presented with a facsimile copy of the New England Primer and an attractive souvenir pamphlet printed in two colors, entitled "Quality and Cost."

If you are not yet sure of your San Francisco address, it may be convenient to have your mail sent as follows: Care of Ginn & Company, Panama-Pacific Exposition, Palace of Education, San Francisco.