taught by the language teachers as an appendage to their main study. A representative of the Historical Association objected to this policy, but advocated close and cordial co-operation. Among the measures of mutual help proposed were (1) formulation of the parallel syllabi, (2) the use of French and German text-books in history classes, (3) the use of historical reading books in French and German classes. "Training for Citizenship was the topic discussed at a second conference held on January 6. In this the speakers dwelt upon the possibility of teaching civics in connection with history, geography and ethics, as well as other various practical measures of training public spirit. No general stress was laid on formal instruction in citizenship, but much attention to indirect methods in connection with the teaching of other subjects. 66 The Relation of Geography and History Teaching in Schools" was discussed at a third conference held at University College on January 7. Prof. Ramsay Muir attended as a representative of the Historical Association. The discussion was not of a very specific character, dealing largely with generalizations, but three contentions made by Mr. Muir seemed to be generally assented to: (1) that the historian did not yet make sufficient use of geography in his teaching; (2) at the same time in some quarters there is a tendency toward an over-emphasis of the geographical explanation of historical events which may lead to an unhealthy materialism, and (3) that the greatest advantage from both subjects can be gained by treating them separately, and not trying to merge them into a single subject. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH, CAR NEGIE INSTITUTE OF WASHINGTON. com The tenth annual report of Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, Director of the Department of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institute of Washington, has been received. It covers the period from November 1, 1914, to October 31, 1915. No volumes have been published for the department during the year, but four manuscripts have been pleted. These are as follows: "A Guide to the Material for American History in the Archives of Switzerland and Austria," prepared by Prof. Albert B. Faust, of Cornell University; "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Material for United States History in That Section of the Archives of the Indies which is Called 'Papeles Procedentes de la Isla de Cuba,' 999 prepared by Mr. R. R. Hill; "Guide to the Material for American History in the Archives of Russia," prepared by Prof. Frank A. Golder; and last, the first volume of Miss F. S. Davenport's collections of "Treaties Between European Powers Relating to American History," -extending through the treaties of 1648. In other directions the work of the department has progressed during the year. Dr. W. G. Leland has brought his studies upon the French archives nearly to completion, and nothing further can be done upon this work until the archives of the French Foreign Office are reopened, which probably will not be until after the close of the war. In Seville 2,500 photographs have been taken of certain Louisiana documents in the archives of the Indies. Ten prints have been made from each negative, and it will be possible to furnish copies of these to subscribers who desire to purchase the series at cost. The sketches for two divisions of the "Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States" have been completed by Dr. C. O. Paullin; these sections illustrate the history of presidential elections and the vote in the House of Representatives upon thirty-two important measures of national legislation. Prof. R. H. Whitbeck has prepared a general base-map showing contours and elevations which will be used for many of the maps showing industrial and economic features. Prof. Whitbeck has nearly completed a series of maps showing the growth of railroad and other lines of transportation. Progress has also been made upon the volumes of "Letters of Delegates to the Continental Congress" and upon "Proceedings and Debates of Parliament Respecting North America from 1585-1783." The work in contemplation includes the publication of the manuscripts, already completed, and the continuance of the work upon the Atlas, Letters of Delegates to the Continental Congress, Debates of Parliament and the European Treaties. No important piece of work in European archives is in contemplation until after the close of the war. Even in neutral countries it is difficult to carry on satisfactory work under present conditions. The Director hopes to turn the attention of his department to the study of the West India Islands and their relations, particularly commercial, to the United States. PATRIOTISM. A nation is made great, not by its fruitful acres, but by the men who cultivate them; not by its great forests, but by the men who use them; not by its mines, but by the men who work in them; not by its railways, but by the men who build and run them. America was a great land when Columbus discovered it; Americans have made of it a great nation. In 1776 our fathers had a vision of a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Without an army they fought the greatest of existing world empires that they might realize this vision. A third of a century later, without a navy they fought the greatest navy in the world that they might win for their nation the freedom of the seas. Half a century later they fought through an unparalleled Civil War that they might establish for all time on this continent the inalienable right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. A third of a century later they fought to emancipate an oppressed neighbor, and, victory won, gave back Cuba to the Cubans, sent an army of schoolmasters to educate for liberty the Filipinos, asked no war indemnity from their vanquished enemy, but paid him liberally for his property. Meanwhile they offered land freely to any farmer who would live upon and cultivate it, opened to foreign immigrants on equal terms the door of industrial opportunity, shared with them political equality, and provided by universal taxation for universal education. The cynic who can see in this history only a theme for his egotistical satire is no true American, whatever his parentage, whatever his birthplace. He who looks with pride upon this history which his fathers have written by their heroic deeds, who accepts with gratitude the inheritance which they have bequeathed to him, and who highly resolves to preserve this inheritance unimpaired and to pass it on to his descendants enlarged and enriched, is a true American, be his birthplace or his parentage what it may. LYMAN ABBOTT. BOOK REVIEWS EDITED BY PROFESSOR WAYLAND J. CHASE, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. EDMONDS, FRANKLIN SPENCER. Ulysses S. Grant. American Crisis Biographies. Philadelphia: Jacobs & Co., 1915. Pp. 376. $1.25. This volume is added proof of the usefulness of the Crisis series of biographies, and will rank well with the better volumes of the series. It is no special plea, but rather an effort to evaluate as correctly as possible the life and services of this great American. The work consists of fifteen chapters, three appendixes and a bibliography. Appendix "A" contains an exchange of letters between Grant and Sherman after the former's nomination for the office of Lieutenant-General had been sent to the Senate. Appendix "B" gives Grant's orders in May, 1864, which in the reviewer's judgment adds little to the value of the book. The last appendix contains all the correspondence (nine letters) between Grant and Lee relative to the surrender at Appomattox, and will be appreciated by those who have access to a very limited amount of source material. As might be inferred, the bulk of the volume deals with military affairs of the Civil War period, and is very well done if one considers the limited space at the author's command. A good resume of the Mexican War and the Americanization of the territory acquired by that war is given, though little is said of the causes of the war. Grant's presidency is discussed in one chapter of twentythree pages, which seems rather brief when we recall the present strong tendency to emphasize our post-bellum history. In this chapter perhaps, more than any other, the author adheres closer to the strictly biographical perspective. Three paragraphs (pp. 304-5, 309, and 312-3) direct attention to most of the scandals of the time and bring out Grant's weakness in the selection of subordinates, ultra-loyalty to intriguing friends, and his nepotism. While one does not feel that the author spares Grant, yet there are a few omissions which are quite conspicuous for their absence, such as the acceptance of Macdonald's $1,750 team carriage, etc. The chapter, "Closing Years," deals with Grant's tour around the world, his business ventures and the writing of his Memoirs." The last chapter, "Grant the Man," is the key to the understanding of much of the apparent contradictions in the life and character of him whom Edmonds calls the ideal of a soldier of a republic." There is no reason why high school teachers and their students should pass over the Civil War period without reading this very helpful and well-written little volume. Monmouth College. D. C. SHILLING. THE PAPERS OF ARCHIBALD D. MURPHEY. Edited by William Henry Hoyt, A.M. Publications of the North Carolina Historical Commission. Two volumes. Raleigh, 1914. Archibald D. Murphey (1777-1832) was a distinguished citizen of North Carolina, serving his State as legislator and judge, and as patron of internal improvements and education. His letters and more formal papers, here carefully arranged and edited, have considerable value to the national as well as the local historian. They have no special significance for the history teacher save as they indicate a laudable type of work for the local historical association. MACY, JESSE, AND GANNAWAY, JOHN W. Comparative Free Government. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1915. Pp. vii, 754. $2.25. "The comparative study of government is particularly valuable for the student just beginning his work in political science. It not only brings knowledge of fundamental principles, but gives breadth of view and develops sympathetic appreciation of what peoples of other races and nationalities are doing to meet the demands of modern society. It is the most effective safeguard against the narrow, intolerant provincialism and the cheap chauvinism which characterize the attitude of so many persons, and which are so great an obstacle in the path of genuine political progress. The authors of this book are firm in the belief that the basic course in political science should be comparative in nature. It is a profound pity that so many men and women enter upon the duties of citizenship in complete ignorance of what the nations of the world are doing to achieve self-government. "A word concerning the plan and purpose of the chapters that follow should be given. The purpose is not primarily a comparative study of existing governments, but a study of the various processes and institutions by which free government is being attained. In this is found one of the book's distinctive features. The aim is not to give a mass of detail concerning each of the governments considered, but to treat of the rise and present status of democracy by means of the most important contributing types, emphasizing those aspects which throw light on the main theme. In this way the student is made acquainted with the essential features of the world's free governments as they are now constituted." The reviewer has so long held the views expressed by the authors in the foregoing paragraphs from their preface that he takes the liberty of presenting his own thoughts in their words. In this volume they supply for such a course the only single text-book suitable for such work that has appeared since Wilson's "The State." The following further indication of the contents of the volume may be added: 394 pages are given to the government of the United States, 155 to that of England; 48 to France; 22 to Germany; 35 to Switzerland; 7 to the small States of Europe; 34 to the countries of South America, and 12 to federation and democracy. Appended is a book list of over four hundred well-selected titles, and a rather formidable list of cases in American constitutional law. The main obstacle in the way of a course of the sort had in mind by the authors, a course of the sort that every American youth should be required to complete before he is given any sort of college degree, is that teachers for it are scarce. In the small college particularly, the teacher has so many other things to do in addition to conducting this course that it is next to impossible for him to keep that command of the field of political reform which makes it possible for him to conduct such a course with a confidence that will secure the active co-operation of the students. It may be that the discussion would be more useful to such teachers if it centered upon a needed reform for each chapter, rather than upon the description of the government of a separate country. But it is easy to criticise. To paraphrase Shaw's famous mot, Those who can, write; those who can't, review." The present book is the one for the teacher to select who needs a onevolume text for an introductory college class in compara. tive government. If he wants to use several volumes in one course he may prefer Ogg or Lowell on European gov ernment, with Bryce, Beard or some other author on American institutions. EDGAR DAWSON. EX York: D. Appleton & Co., 1913. Pp. 286. $1.25. Mr. Hill traces the development of political organization through its primitive stages up to the conditions found in the government of the United States. The chief characteristic of the State in earlier times, he finds, to be the power to enforce its decisions against the will of the individual. Gradually this concept yields to one in which public authority is seen to be not a force outside of and opposed to the interests of the citizen, but one intended to safeguard and forward his proper ambitions. The idea that law is a sovereign decree gives place to the concept of law as a mutual obligation. Instead of being imposed upon the citizen, the citizen becomes its maker. The concept of liberty thus becomes reconciled with that of authority. Man enjoys freedom within the State, and as a part of it rather than as a being whose freedom of action is limited by an unreasoning power to compel obedience. The later chapters demonstrate the value of constitutions as a stabilizing influence controlling transitory public opinion. The author finds the judicial authority to declare laws unconstitutional a beneficent feature of our government, which far from bringing the creation of a judicial oligarchy, is in practice one of the most important safeguards of the rights of individuals. For the beginner the argument presented here does not take the place of such discussions as Garner's “Introduction to Political Science " or Wilson's "The State." The book is valuable rather as a summary to bind together the philosophy of government which the more advanced student will have studied in detail in works covering narrower fields. CHESTER LLOYD JONES. University of Wisconsin. GREGG, FRANK M. The Founding of a Nation: The Story of the Pilgrim Fathers and the Beginnings of American Democracy, as told in the Journals of Francis Beaumont, Cavalier. 2 vols. Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Co., 1915. Pp. 339, 346. $7.50. The love story of two creatures of fancy is interwoven with the facts of the voyage and early settlement of the Plymouth colonists. The author is not a master of the art and mysteries of the romancer, and his attempt in this field will elicit no great response from the devotee of literary fiction. The author hews close to the realities of his subject, but he contributes little that is new and important to the serious student. It may be that it is necessary to resort to the device of interlacing the hard facts of history with the fancies of the imagination to allure the interest of the present generation in the life of the past. The popularity of Parkman and Prescott proclaim otherwise. The romance and atmosphere of the Spanish conquistadores or of the French missionaries and explorers move in the pages of these great writers. And there is the disadvantage of the length and cost of Mr. Gregg's work. Two large volumes of nearly seven hundred pages of rich paper, expensive type, uncut edges and gilt top, display the printer's arts and evidence literary spendthriftness. The best story of the high courage, firm convictions and hard adversities of the Pilgrims, and lacking nothing in the telling, is still to be found in the words of Governor William Bradford. W. T. ROOT. The University of Wisconsin. SANDWICK, RICHARD L. How to Study and What to Study. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1915. Pp. v, 170. 60 cents. A high school principal holding the theory that pupils "have a right to as much and as expert coaching on how to study lessons from books as they receive on how to play football" had been giving his pupils talks on the general principles of effective study. These so that other pupils may have them he now commits to print along with ten brief chapters evaluating the high school studies, and two others, one of which sets forth the vocational opportunity presented by each of four of the older professions, and the other answers and question, What is efficiency? One appendix supplies some statistics on the economic value of education, and another a list of books on vocations. 66 ABEL, A. H. The American Indian as a Slaveholder and Secessionist. Vol. I. Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Co., 1915. Pp. 394. Three volumes. $12.50. This is the first to be issued of a series of three volumes designed to treat of the Indians, or rather, of the colonized or reservation" Indians, in relation to the Civil War. This volume takes events to the spring of 1862. It has an internal unity based on the negotiations of treaties between the Confederacy and the Indians, and it is separately indexed. Its make-up evinces the usual lavishness of the publishers to whom American historians and the public interested in history are so much indebted. Nor has the author failed to make this expenditure historically effective. The three portraits and four maps are as well chosen as they are admirably reproduced, and the apparatus of notes, appendices and text quotations answers the most exacting standards of scholarship, while its use is rendered easy by the skilful selection of type. Somewhat over half the material included consists of documents here published for the first time. In fact, it is an illustration of the originality of Miss Abel's contribution that nearly all her research has been in MSS. She opens a new and practically untouched chapter of American history. Rhodes does not mention Indians from 1854 to 1877; Miss Abel has made it impossible for anyone to rewrite the history of the period, even on a smaller scale, without referring to them. She has previously shown her ability to handle this new material which she is bringing to light in a scholarly and effective manner, and her reconstruction in the present volume of a complicated situation, from sources colored and at times incomplete, will place her reputation upon a sound basis. Two defects, however, prevent her, master of the material as she is, from becoming an authoritative interpreter of her subject. One is her lack of general background. Her discussion of the Dred Scott decision (page 29) shows a total failure to understand the position of the court or of the Southern statesmen with reference to the questions involved. More important is the lack of historical-mindedness. She claims for herself, because of her British birth (pages 14-15), absence of sectional bias. This freedom is not strikingly noticeable, but, if it exists, is more than atoned for by moral bias. Rigidly reared in a narrow moral code, she has not yet recovered from the shock of finding that it was not observed in the American frontier. Confused by what she sees, as was Cotton Mather by the warfare from an invisible world, she seeks her explanation beyond the evidence; where he supplemented the devil, she supplements motive. Motives stalk unashamed through her pages, and they are all bad. Always the judge, she is not always obedient to that justice which is the keystone of her moral conceptions, for she occasionally indulges herself in innuendo (pages 30, 83). In at least one case she creates a base motive by purethat is, unassisted-reason (pages 108-110). She nowhere exhibits charity, to which, albeit grudgingly, her religious progenitors gave recognition, and which is the fundamental principle of that sympathetic understanding which must characterize the real historian. The whole advance of the American frontier was a disgraceful adventure of unprincipled men, moved by covetousness and ambition. Six lines, which ignore the whole distinction between policy and practice, which must, one hopes, betray a total ignorance of the activities of Washington, Jefferson, and J. Q. Adams, suffice to condemn the whole Indian policy, or rather lack of policy, of the United States from 1789 to 1916. Unless Miss Abel abandons the air of withholding her skirts from the mud while making her observations with a lorgnette, her researches, while immensely valuaable, will not lead her to a work of interpretative history. The University of Wisconsin. CARL RUSSELL FISH. PETIT-DUTAILLIS, CHARLES. Studies and Notes Supplementary to Stubbs' Constitutional History, Vol. II. Translated by W. F. Waugh. Manchester: The Unisity Press. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1914. Pp. 147-316. $1.50, net. The first volume of the Studies and Notes was published in English in 1908, and treated of about a dozen topics. This deals with but two: The Forest, and the Causes and General Characteristics of the Rising of 1381. The study upon the Forest occupies somewhat over a hundred pages; that upon the Rising of 1381, another fifty. In the latter therefore we can expect little more than a summary of the recent literature upon the subject. The treatment of the Forest, however, contains not merely addenda to such literature as Mr. G. J. Turner's Introduction to Select Pleas of the Forest (Selden Society, 1901), but adds more or less in the way of constructive suggestion drawn in part from French sources. The theme is as follows: The laws of the forest sprang from the will of the princes, and as such were distinct from the common law. This basic distinction rendered life within a forest jurisdiction more or less of a burden to the people, who were always restive under it and often rebellious. In France where forests were relatively of small consequence, it did not make such a difference in national welfare; but when these arbitrary customs were fastened upon England so widely that only six counties were entirely free from forest jurisdiction, it became of prime importance. Consequently the contest against the arbitrary rule of foresters and the extension of the forest limits was waged with unremitting vigor. This explains the frequent appearance in the important constitutional documents of references to the forests. Henry I enlarged the forests "and probably increased rather than lightened the severity of the forest law." "From now to the end of the Middle Ages, periods of decline and progress succeed one another, according as the power of the crown wanes or waxes. The 'disafforestments' soon begin, interrupted by new afforestations. The forest law, systematized by the lawyers, but feebly defended by them-doubtless because it was scarcely defensible-soon undergoes violent attacks at the hands of the nobles, and from the reign of John gradually decays. Its history is now bound up with the history of the Constitution, until, having become harmless, it ceases to be the theme of complaints and falls into obscurity." By the time of Edward III, "the trees were no longer regarded as sacred." "The well-being of the population was set above the preservation of cover for the game; and this alone was a revolutionary change." During the anarchy of the fifteenth century the forest law was almost suspended. During the reigns of Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth, hunting was not esteemed by the sovereigns, and little of their forest rights survived. The rights of hunt ing descended only to the landed aristocracy, however, and in 1390 Parliament made hunting, in the words of the statute, the sport of the gentle," which in the main it has since continued to be. In France, on the other hand, the hunting prerogatives of the King, as compared with those of the nobles, increased after the fourteenth century. 'While in England the landed aristocracy acquired the right of the chase, in France the king seized it to his exclusive advantage. He allowed the nobles to hunt; but merely for his own pleasure, and at the cost of untold sufferings on the part of the peasantry, he established vast 'capitaineries," which in many respects recall the English Forest of the Middle Ages. On the eve of the French Revolution, the damage done to cultivation by the king's game and huntsmen was one of the causes of the exaspera tion of the peasantry, and it is from the English traveler Young that we have the most vigorous description of the distress and indignation caused by the king's huntingrights. It might almost be said that the institution of the Forest, born among the Franks and transported to England, had afterwards returned from England to France. In both countries it was one of the most odious fruits of arbitrary power." H. L. CANNON. CLAPP, EDWIN J. Economic Aspects of the War. Neutral Rights, Belligerent Claims and American Commerce in the Years 1914-1915. New Haven: The Yale University Press. Pp. xiv, 340. $1.50, net This story of international lawlessness during the first year of the great war is an excellent survey of a situation to which few Americans who favor Great Britain have given sufficient attention. The author first states the rights of neutrals under international law, and declares that the economic war which both sides are waging violates these rights, and is hurting neutrals about as much as the belligerents. He then goes on to describe how the British Orders in Council have changed the accepted rules of international law in order to shut off the flow of supplies of non-contraband or conditional contraband articles or products to Germany, and how this has affected our export trade. He shows how the British policy absolutely broke up established trade arrangements in force before the war, and explains how the large increase of our exports to neutral countries was largely due to the necessity of getting those goods from the United States instead of from Germany and other belligerent countries as before the war. Chapters five and six deal especially with the blockade established in March, 1915, and explain the elaborate ar rangements made with certain neutral countries to prevent their imports from being sent on to Germany. Next, in two lengthy chapters, the author takes up the cotton situation, and shows how the outbreak of the war and the later British policies have hurt our cotton producers. Chapters nine and ten do the same for copper. After that he takes up the general export situation. He concludes that up to July, 1915, our exports were largely foodstuffs, with only a relatively small amount of war materials. This has benefited the country only "in spots," while many heavy losses have been inflicted by interference with our customary imports. The author finds that there is little like lihood of Britain starving Germany into submission. He shows that the Germans have already invented substitutes for many materials of which the blockade has deprived them, and will doubtless invent more. The result is likely to be that United States exporters will lose the German market, not only during the war, but forever. By submitting we are permanently hurting our business, and not noticeably contributing to the success of the Allies. The author therefore strongly urges that the United States use the power which we have by reason of our vast exports of war material and food to force Great Britain and Germany to cease violating our rights to trade and travel safely. The book is a very enlightening exposition of the situation from the points of view of technical international law and the business interest of those who have had extensive trade relationships with Germany. In many respects events since July, 1915, have supported the author's arguments. It is naturally more pleasing to pro-Germans than to those who favor the Allies, but it is well worth the perusal of all. It is rather heavy reading for high school pupils, but might possibly be used as a reference book for advanced students. CLARENCE PERKINS. Ohio State University. University of Colorado BOULDER, COLORADO Thirteenth Summer Session, June 26 to August 5, 1916 summer study and recreation. Courses in thirty departments, including Medicine, Ophthalmology and Engineering. Able Faculty. Eminent lecturers. Attractive courses for teachers. Tuition low. Living expenses reasonable. Catalogue on application to Registrar. of military life in forts and camps on Manhattan Island. N. Y.: The author. 214 pp. $2.50. Brownson, Howard G. History of the Illinois Central Railroad to 1870. Urbana, Ill.: Univ. of Ill. $1.25. 182 pp. › Cole, Alfred, and Whitman, Chas. F. A history of Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine. Lewiston, Me.: Lewiston Journal Co. 758 pp. $5.00, net. 1 Elliott, Ella Z. Blue book of Schuylkill County, who was who and why in interior eastern Pennsylvania in colonial days. Pottsville, Pa.: "Republican" Press. 456 pp. $3.50. Freehoff, Joseph C. America and the canal title. [N. Y.: Ruxton, George F. A. Adventures in Mexico; from Vera Richmond, 101 pp. Wise, George. Campaigns and battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. N. Y.: Neale Pub. Co. 432 pp. $3.00, net. Ancient History. Clay, Albert T. Miscellaneous inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. New Haven: Yale Univ. 108 pp. $5.00, net. Leaf, Walter. Homer and history. N. Y.: Macmillan. 366 pp. $3.75, net. Wolfson, Arthur M. Ancient civilization; an introduction to modern history. N. Y.: Am. Book Co. 129 pp. 60 cents. Frost, Severe E. English history [outline of]. Dallas, Tex.: Southern Pub. Co. 96 pp. 30 cents. Jones, E. R., editor. Selected speeches on British policy, 1738-1914. N. Y.: Oxford Univ. 550 pp. 30 cents, net. Oxford Pamphlets: 1914-1915. Consecutive numbers bound in separate volumes. V. 19 (Nos. 82-86). N. Y.: Oxford Univ. 35 cents, net. Winbolt, S. E., compiler. England and Napoleon (18011815). [English history source books.] N. Y.: Macmillan. 120 pp. 35 cents, net. Archer, William. European History. The thirteen days; July 23-August 4, 1914. N. Y.: Oxford Univ. 224 pp. $1.15, net. Batiffol, Louis. The century of the Renaissance [in France]. N. Y.: Putnam. 428 pp. $2.50, net. Chambry, René. The truth about Louvain. N. Y.: Doran. 95 pp. 25 cents, net. Gerard, William J. The spirit of Italy; observations and impressions during the early months of the war against Austria. N. Y.: [H. Rogowski, 444 Pearl St.] 268 pp. 50 cents. Mace, W. H., and Tanner, E. P. The story of old Europe and young America. N. Y.: Rand, McNally. 315 pp. 65 cents. Meinecke, Friedrich. The warfare of a nation (Die deutsche Erhebung von 1914). Worcester, Mass.: Davis Press. 60 pp. $1.00. Pitt, W. O. Italy and the unholy alliance. N. Y.: Dutton. 224 pp. $1.00, net. Rudnitsky, Stefan. The Ukraine and the Ukrainians. Jersey City, N. J.: Ukrainian Nat. Council. 36 pp. (3 pp. bibl.). 25 cents. Satow, Sir Ernest Mason. The Silesian loan and Frederick the Great. N. Y.: Oxford Univ. 436 pp. $4.75, net. Stokes, Hugh. Belgium. N. Y.: Stokes. 143 pp. $3.50, net. Watson, Thomas E. The house of Hapsburg. Thomson, Ga. Jeffersonian Pub. Co. 96 pp. 50 cents. Yarros, Gregory. The Slav peoples: a study outline. White Plains, N. Y.: H. W. Wilson Co. 23 pp. (41⁄2 pp. bibl). 25 cents. |