2. Der Briefwechsel des M. Tullius Cicero. Von Otto Eduard Schmidt. Leipzig, 1893. 3. M. Tulli Ciceronis Epistularum libri sedecim. Edidit Ludovicus Mendelssohn. Lipsiæ, 1893. V.-Queen Elizabeth. By Mandell Creighton, D.D., Bishop VI.-1. The Venetian Painters of the Renaissance. With an Index to their Works. By Bernhard Berenson. 2. The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance. With an Index to their Works. By Bernhard Berenson. 3. Lorenzo Lotto, an Essay in constructive Art- Criticism. By Bernhard Berenson. London, 1895. 4. Antonio Allegri da Correggio: his Life, his Friends, and his Time. By Corrado Ricci, Director of the Royal Gallery, Parma. From the Italian, by VIII.-1. La Elezione del Papa, Storia e Documenti. Per G. And other Works. IX. The Transvaal Trouble; how it arose. Being an Extract from the Biography of the late Sir Bartle Frere. By John Martineau. London, 1896 X.-1. One of the People. Life and Speeches of William McKinley. By Byron Andrews. Chicago, 1896. 2. Congressional Record. 51st Congress. 1889-90. 3. The Life and Speeches of William J. Bryan. Edited by J. S. Ogilvie. New York, August 1896. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. ART. I.-The Life of General Sir Edward Bruce Hamley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G. By Alexander Innes Shand. Second Edition. Edinburgh and London, 1896. THE HE sword,' observed Don Quixote, hath never blunted the pen; nor the pen, the sword,' and in one sense the saying is evidently indisputable. The literary faculty is not the monopoly of any one class; nor is its cultivation forbidden by an active military career. From the days of Xenophon and of Cæsar to those of Napier and of von Moltke, there have been frequent instances of distinguished soldiers who have wielded the pen with power. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that the habit of mind which tends towards literary excellence is not easily attained by the conscientious performer of military duties, and that the intellectual atmosphere of a garrison is not well calculated to stimulate the imagination. To lead a twofold life, with aims and interests often painfully incongruous, requires a rare mental balance, and the pen of the soldier and the sailor has generally achieved its best results when the burden of official routine ceased to oppress. To hindrances of many kinds, direct discouragement must frequently be added. At the beginning of this century, military opinion was stifled in the Prussian Army, and, as Bulow pointed out, a general poverty of ideas was the natural result. Jena followed, and the blind worship of an effete system stood hopelessly condemned. The regenerated army which arose from the wreck of 1806 was largely the creation of Scharnhorst, whose warnings had fallen unheeded before the catastrophe. It was natural therefore that thinking, and writing its necessary complement, should not merely come into favour, but receive a marked impetus. Of late years authorship has been recognised as conferring claims to distinction in Germany, and no army has produced so wide and Vol. 184.-No. 367. B rich i a France, where capable military ach other for fully two centuries, the dhe disasters of 1870, of thoughtful publications every branch of the science of war, has been pheIn England, the soldier who is known to possess Idly gilts is still regarded with a certain measure of suspicion, und the astute aspirant to high position will restrain or severely regulate his pen until his rank is assured. Time will, however, change all this, and it will come to be understood here as elsewhere, that power of expression and of analysis, together with originality of opinion, even when forthcoming in the comparativoiv junior canás, are not incompatible with military efficiency. I'm in St Levard Hamley derives peculiar interest at the most brant writer that the British Army hash the other hand, he was a keen soldier, whose Now the hel, hot, as a young Staff-officer and as a General Triking, clear's showed that he possessed in a marked Pere the mualities of a military commander. The literary an the milita instincts existing side by side, with points of cantar vet sometimes mutually repellent, supply the clue to the right understanding of a complex nature and a notable ГАГРЕГ : the four sons of Vice-Admiral Hamley, the three who entered the service all gave evidence of great literary gifts. I became valued contributors to 'Blackwood's Magazine' in is time; and at the very time when Edward, the youngest, was writing the masterly Letters from the Crimea, Charles was forwarding admirable papers from the Baltic. Their mother,' states Mr. Shand, 'was a woman of intellectual ability as well as of high education: and... they always considered they derived their literary fact her.' The Hamley family, on the other hand, had red a succession of soldiers and sailors. Admiral Hammered excellent service during the French war, and distingusted himself on several occasions by great personal in Thus the twofold bias of the inherited. Edward Bruce Hat in in 1824, entered the Royal Artillery before he was me. Joining his first battery in Ireland, he accompaniear later to Canada, where he served for nearly four rurning home to be quartered successively at Tvnet i Carlisle. Promoted to be ptain in 1851, he was wiered to Gibraltar, where he emained till the outbreak the Crimean war. For twelve years, years, therefore, he carried on the duties of a young regimental officer-duties eminently uninspiring in times of peace, but the performance of which is nevertheless essential to a real understanding of the inner working of an army. To unfamiliarity, in high quarters, with the conditions of regimental life are largely due the many mistakes which have retarded the progress of military organization in this country. To Hamley these years, if uneventful, were of the highest importance. They sufficed to establish his literary reputation, and brought enduring friendships which lightened the burdens and disappointments of his after-life. In some respects the conditions were favourable to the young writer. Until 1851, he served continuously in small country stations where military formalism was not oppressive. Always a great reader, he found ample leisure and few distractions, while the happy association with Dr. Bent in Canada and the occasional visits of his brother subaltern Gleig, the friend of his cadet days, supplied an intellectual stimulus at the period of life when character takes form. During a hot summer the three devoted themselves to reading and discussion. They were all more or less argumentative and critical,' writes Mr. Shand, and it is easy to conceive how these appreciative studies of "the best masters" must have helped to develope Hamley's tastes.' Thus the years spent in Canada were wholly beneficial; and while acquiring the habits of the student, his many expeditions served to quicken his power of observation and to foster that. sympathy with nature which afterwards lent charm to his writing. Returning to England, he was quartered at Tynemouth, when he broke ground in Fraser's Magazine' with an article entitled "Snow Pictures," effectively describing a shooting excursion in the State of Maine. "The Peace Campaigns of Ensign Faunce" quickly followed; and although these first efforts showed the crudeness inseparable from inexperience, both held out bright promise. The young subaltern had found a vocation which was to bring him lifelong interests and lasting fame. The change to Gibraltar in 1851 was perhaps a turning point in Hamley's career. The worn grey Rock, rising sheer out of the Mediterranean and rich in memories of the past; the scarred relics of the Moor and the Spaniard; the wonderful panorama of sea and mountain in which two continents share; the colour and the crowded life of the narrow streets-all combine to invest the historic fortress with indescribable fascination. Thus the new surroundings appealed powerfully to the young writer's imagination. On the other hand, he suddenly found B 2 rich a military literature. In France, where capable military writers have succeeded each other for fully two centuries, the growth, since the disasters of 1870, of thoughtful publications dealing with every branch of the science of war, has been phenomenal. In England, the soldier who is known to possess literary gifts is still regarded with a certain measure of suspicion, and the astute aspirant to high position will restrain or severely regulate his pen until his rank is assured. Time will, however, change all this, and it will come to be understood here as elsewhere, that power of expression and of analysis, together with originality of opinion, even when forthcoming in the comparatively junior ranks, are not incompatible with military efficiency. The Life of Sir Edward Hamley derives peculiar interest from its dual aspect. On the one hand, Hamley was unquestionably the most brilliant writer that the British Army has produced. On the other hand, he was a keen soldier, whose record in the field, both as a young Staff-officer and as a General of Division, clearly showed that he possessed in a marked degree the qualities of a military commander. The literary and the military instincts existing side by side, with points of contact yet sometimes mutually repellent, supply the clue to the right understanding of a complex nature and a notable career. 6 Of the four sons of Vice-Admiral Hamley, the three who entered the service all gave evidence of great literary gifts. All became valued contributors to 'Blackwood's Magazine' in its prime; and at the very time when Edward, the youngest, was writing the masterly Letters from the Crimea, Charles was forwarding admirable papers from the Baltic. Their mother,' states Mr. Shand, 'was a woman of intellectual ability as well as of high education; and . . . they always considered they derived their literary faculty from her.' The Hamley family, on the other hand, had produced a succession of soldiers and sailors. Admiral Hamley rendered excellent service during the French war, and distinguished himself on several occasions by great personal gallantry. Thus the twofold bias of the genius of the brothers seems to have been directly inherited. Edward Bruce Hamley, born in 1824, entered the Royal Artillery before he was nineteen. Joining his first battery in Ireland, he accompanied it a year later to Canada, where he served for nearly four years, returning home to be quartered successively at Tynemouth and Carlisle. Promoted to be captain in 1851, he was ordered to Gibraltar, where he remained till the outbreak of the Crimean war. For twelve years, |